• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.159-173
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• 2013

This research investigates the mechanism of ethical fashion consumption by examining the effects of benefit and risk perception on ethical fashion consumption attitudes and behavioral intention. To test the hypotheses, 300 female consumers between the ages of 20 and 49 were invited as study participants. The reliability and the validity of multi-item constructs were tested by Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The hypotheses were tested by utilizing Structural Equation Analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The benefit perception of ethical consumption was composed of three benefit types, which were altruistic benefit, social image benefit, and self-oriented benefit. Benefit perception, except social image benefit, had significant effects on consumer attitudes towards ethical fashion consumption; similarly, benefit perception had significant effects on behavioral intention (except self-oriented benefit) which had an effect on behavioral intention only when it was mediated by attitudes. Further analysis was conducted to understand the reason for the weak relationship between attitudes and behavioral intention. Financial and performance risk perceptions were tested for the moderating roles of attitudes and behavioral intention; subsequently, only financial risk interacted with attitudes and showed that the positive effects of attitudes on behavioral intention were weakened by a high financial risk perception. Performance risk had a main effect on behavioral intention independent of attitudes. Managerial implication and future study directions are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.453-461
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• 2010

Purpose: In this study differences in behavioral problems between children at risk for Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and normally developing children were identified. Further, relationships between parental stress, depression, and child behavioral problems according to ADHD symptoms were explored. Methods: Participants were 222 elementary school children and their parents. The ADHD risk group was determined by the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale. Data were collected using the Korean-ADHD Rating Scale, Korean version of Child Behavior CheckList (K-CBCL), Parenting Stress Index, and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Results: 1) The ADHD risk group showed higher levels of behavioral problems, parenting stress, and maternal depression than the normal group. 2) There were significant relationships between ADHD scores and parenting stress (r=.66), maternal depression (r=.35), internal behavioral problems (r=.47), and external problems (r=.55), but, ADHD risk scores were negatively correlated with social competence (r=-.40). 3) The regression analysis revealed that ADHD levels affected the child's internal behavioral problems, mediated by maternal depression ($\beta$=.29, p<.001). Conclusion: The study results show that higher risk scores for ADHD indicate a significant effect for behavioral problems. Also, parenting stress and depression influence child's behavioral problems. These results suggest that identification of children at risk for ADHD and development of parental education programs would contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems and aggravation of the ADHD symptoms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-77
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• 2002

This study focuses on drivers' risk perception & construct in risk scene. The measures used were the scores of hazard perception, namely the subjects' evaluation of the degree of risk through the 'Q-sorting' with 30 drivers. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to their evaluating score, Z-score, road users' hazard(type 1), environmental hazard(type 2), situational hazard(type 3). And ten constructs derived from Q-sorting were compared through 'consensus item analysis'. It suggest that there are different in constructs for risk perception. Then those results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implication of traffic safety including accidents analysis and drivers' education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

This study investigated a posttraumatic stress, social support, and work burden and identified related factors which exerted influence on posttraumatic stress of new firefighters. Data were gathered from total of 144 new firefighters. Also, 22 PTS items, 20 work burden items, and 8 social support items were analyzed by SPSSWIN 21.0 program. Posttraumatic stress according to general characteristics showed significant difference in gender(t=-2.57, p=0.01), experience of self danger(t=3.06, p=0.00), experience of rescuee danger(t=2.41, p=0.02), and experience of colleague danger(t=3.43, p=0.00). High risk group of PTS was 20.1%. Posttraumatic stress, social support, and work burden showed significant difference in the high and low risk group. Posttraumatic stress was correlated with work burden(r=0.34, p=0.00), social support(r=-0.29,p=0.00). Factors influencing PTS were Experience of colleague danger(${\beta}$=1.274, 95% CI=0.08-0.96), social support(${\beta}$=-0.090, 95% CI=0.85-0.98) and work burden(${\beta}$=0.057, 95% CI=1.02-1.10). We need to reduce the work burden caused by influencing variable of traumatic stress and create more preventive discipline of traumatic stress for the new firefighters to improve the social support at work or home. Also, posttraumatic stress has to be managed consistently with support by changing the social attitudes and we need to seek the new system that anybody can get a consultation of a specialist.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2016

This study examined what entrepreneurial elements of social enterprises contribute to the virtuous cycle to lay a foundation of the coevolution with communities through growth and wealth distribution. To this end, the study was started by adding the pursuit of social goals to the components of entrepreneurship, namely an innovative mind, progressive spirit, and risk sensitivity, and the effects of each of these factors on their economic performance and the social performance were examined. Within this framework, the relationships between social enterprises' performance in economic and social dimensions as dependent variables, and the entrepreneurial elements as independent variables were examined by correlation tests and regression analysis for two hypotheses and their 8 subsequent hypotheses. The results showed that the entrepreneurs' progressive spirit had a statistically meaning effect on the economic performance, and an innovative mind and risk sensitivity are influential variables for social performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.58-69
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find a way that companies can use social media trust effectively to increase brand trust and intelligently increase it by linking with brand authenticity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is as follows. First, a conceptual definition of the research variables of trust in social media, trust in information sources, and trust in messages is established, Second, the casual relationship between two conceptually defined independent variables and mediator variables of perceived risk and self-efficacy was verified. Third, the casual relationship was verified on whether it affects brand authenticity and brand trust through perceived risk and self-efficacy, which are mediators of social media trust. Fourth, through the verification result of the casual relationship between the research variables constituting the research model of this study, it was intended to present academic and practical implications on how social media trust can effectively enhance brand trust.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

Digital transformation refers to the economic and social effects of digitisation and digitalisation. Although digital transformation acts as a useful tool for economic/social development and enhancing the convenience of life, it can have negative effects (misuse of personal information, ethical problems, deepening social gaps, etc.). The government is actively establishing policies to promote digital transformation to secure competitiveness and technological hegemony, however, understanding of digital transformation-related risk issues and implementing policies to prevent them are relatively slow. Thus, this study systematically identifies risk issues of the future society that can be caused by digital transformation based on quantitative analysis of media articles big data through the Embedded Topic Modeling method. Specifically, first, detailed issues of negative effects of digital transformation in major countries were identified. Then detailed issues of negative effects of artificial intelligence in major countries and Korea were identified. Further, by synthesizing the results, future direction of the government's digital transformation policies for responding the negative effects was proposed. The policy implications are as follows. First, since the negative effects of digital transformation does not only affect technological fields but also affect the overall society, such as national security, social issues, and fairness issues. Therefore, the government should not only promote the positive functions of digital transformation, but also prepare policies to counter the negative functions of digital transformation. Second, the detailed issues of future social risks of digital transformation appear differently depending on contexts, so the government should establish a policy to respond to the negative effects of digital transformation in consideration of the national and social context. Third, the government should set a major direction for responding negative effects of digital transformation to minimize confusion among stakeholders, and prepare effective policy measures.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.873-890
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among consumer's perceived risk of apparel purchase in internet shopping mall, control, and impulse buying. The subjects were 319 female college students in Gyeongsang provinces. The obtained data were analyzed by reliability analysis, analysis of frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, correlation analysis, and t-test. The major results of this study were as follows: First, three factors of consumer's perceived risk of apparel purchase in internet shopping mall were identified: size risk, trust risk, and social/psychological risk. Second, the subjects were categorized into three different types of groups according to perceived risk: high perceived risk type, middle perceived risk type, and low perceived risk type. Third, three control(self-control, goal-control, and desire for control) and three impulse buying(impulsive buying for showing off, impulsive buying for excitement, and impulsive buying due to memory) were identified. Fourth, there was significant difference between strong control group and weak control group on three factors of impulse buying. Fifth, a significant positive correlation was found size risk and three factors of control and a significant negative correlation was found self-control and three factors of impulse buying.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.1 s.41
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• pp.73-83
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• 1992

This paper examined risk reduction methods utilized by consumers in apparel buying situation in multidimensional conceptual framework, and analyzed the relationships between risk types, consumer demographic variables and preferences of risk reduction methods. Samples of 224 consumers were deliberately selected to include various demographic characteristics such as sex, age, educational level, occupation, income level. The results of the principal axis factor analysis indicated that 26 item risk reduction methods could be summarized into 6 meaningful factors; Marketer-dominated Information Sources Use (MIS), Prepurchase Deliberation / Observation i Dependence on Past Buying Experience (DOE), Independent Information Sources Use (lIS), Interpersonal Information Sources Use (PIS), Brand Loyalty (BL), Label Reading / Guarantee Buying (RG). DOE were used most whereas IIS used least. Correlations of various types of risk perceived with the preference of risk reduction methods were significant especially for positive relationship between psychologi-cal and/or economic risk and DOE, and between social risk and/or fashionability loss and MIS. Results of ANOVA and Duncan test suggested that sex, age, educational level, occupation of consumers can act as ones of determinant variables on making differences in the use of risk reduction methods.