• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.4359-4368
• /
• 2011

Among several macroeconomic missteps blamed for the recent global financial crisis including the social problems of income distribution and the lack of proper financial remedies, two of them have received particular attention: the global BOP(Balance of Payment) imbalance and the misguided monetary policy. Such BOP imbalance was blamed for massive foreign exchange investment flows from Asia into the U.S., triggering the financial and real estate bubble in America. The latter refers to the excessively loose monetary policy of the U.S. Federal Reserve, which pushed financial institutions and households into reckless investment behavior in search of higher returns. Given the abuse of certain innovative financial techniques and new investment instruments that have been created in recent decades, both collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) and credit default swaps (CDS) enjoyed a symbiotic and toxic relationship prior to the financial crisis This paper is organized as follows: The first section analyzes the real causes of the recent financial crisis. The second details the role of CDOs and CDS. Then, to identify key determinants of the CDS spreads in an emerging capital market, the sample data of major Korean firms' CDS spreads are used to estimate the risk premium by utilizing the multiple regression analysis. The empirical test result indicates that Korean 3-year treasury bond rate(TYIELD), market to book value ratio(MV/BV), and assets size(INASSETS) are shown to demonstrate statistically significant influences on the changes of the CDS premium for sample firms.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.39
• /
• pp.387-411
• /
• 2014

School violence is now considered not only as a problem for a victim and a offender themselves, but also as a social problem that requires responsibilities of school, home, society, and even nation. Crimes and risk factors are various inside and outside of school. In terms of solving those problems, this study examines the actual condition of school violence among students. In addition, it is considered what efforts are conducted by police to establish a safe school environment and the problems that derive from it. Futhermore, this study aims to discuss the ways of using the private security with regard to dealing with school violence. In this society, the expectation of security service from the police is increased as time passed. However, police has limited resources, thus it is beyond their practice. Policing has changed from being monopolized by government to cooperating with various security agents. Community is not considered as the subject for enforcing the law anymore, but as the cooperator for effective policing. With regard to the limitation of police force, using the private security is an effective alternative. Therefore, it is required that private security should be assigned legal authority and shared information with schools in order to patrol the blind spot. Finally, school violence prevention efforts should be conducted by applying physical and electronic security.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Our objective was to examine and evaluate the psychological health of the residents of Taean during the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit(HS) oil spill and to review some factors associated with the results. Methods : A community survey of 71 men and women was conducted 8 weeks after the HS oil spill. Questionnaires used were the PWI(Psychological Well-being Index) scale for psychosocial distress, the CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale for depressive symptoms, and a questionnaire created to assess suicidal impulses. Results : The overall prevalence of high-risk psychosocial distress among the study group was 64.2%. The percentages of respondents with scores on the CES-D Scale above 16 and above 21 were 77.6% and 62.7%, respectively. The percentage of respondents categorized as having suicidal impulses was 18.3%. When compared with unexposed groups in the general population taken from various sources, the residents of Taean were 6.5 times as likely to have high stress and 9.4-9.7 times as likely to be depressed. No significant difference in the rate of suicidal impulse was found between the residents of Taean and the general population. Factors associated with high stress, depression, and suicidal impulses were age, a change in income, educational level, number of days working on the cleanup, and positive responses to questions about "affected daily activity" and "hospital visit due to work on cleanup". Conclusions : The results suggest that the HS oil spill had a significant impact on the psychological health of residents of Taean, but the comparability of the unexposed groups is a limitation of the study.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.29-47
• /
• 2007

Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.439-463
• /
• 2015

This study compared 14 programs for the economically disadvantaged or minority students with potentials in 5 countries - US, UK, Germany, Australia, and Israel, attempting contents and characters of Korean Head Start to be developed, that is the program for economically disadvantaged gifted students or students from multi-cultural families, who are gifted at risk of under-representation and under-achievement. School wide enrichment programs, which served all students with gifted programs, using RTI model in the pursuit of equity and excellence, turned out to be effective as early interventions and identification implemented for economically disadvantaged or minority students with potentials. Gifted programs for low Social Economic Status (SES) or minority students played a role as a bridge for disadvantaged students to get into a regular gifted program or even higher gifted schools and to have a competency to compete with affluent gifted students. The principles of the programs were acceleration and differentiation. Most programs also ran a parents' education and a mentor program to motivate and support disadvantaged students socially and emotionally. Collaboration among governmental offices and usage of external resources were more effective to support these students and the programs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.2828-2838
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to measure the level of psychosocial stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among college students, and to reveal its related factors. The survey was filled out by 551 students from Daejon City from April 1, 2012 to July 30, 2012. The independent variables of the questionnaire were socio-demographic characteristics, family life, school life, and other variables health related while the dependent variables were psychosocial stress, anxiety and depression symptoms. As a results, 22.7% of the study subjects were in the high-risk stress group, 15.6% of study subject were in the anxiety disorder group, and 22.1% were in the mild to moderate depression group. In addition, its related factors were influenced by a variety of factors such as gender, family income, satisfaction of family life, grades, social life, satisfaction of school life, subjective sleep quality, subjective health status. Psychosocial stress was significantly influenced by socio-demographic characteristics and family life variables, while anxiety and depression symptoms were influenced more so by psychosocial stress. In order to lower the level of psychosocial stress, anxiety and depression symptoms of college students, the development of programs that monitor the psychosocial stress, socio-demographic characteristics, family life variables, and school variables is imperative.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.34 no.2_2
• /
• pp.407-418
• /
• 2018

The frequency and risk of disasters are increasing due to environmental and social factors. In order to respond effectively to disasters that occur unexpectedly, it is very important to quickly obtain up-to-date information about target area. It is possible to intuitively judge the situation about the area through the image-map generated at high speed, so that it can cope with disaster quickly and effectively. In this study, we propose an image-map generation and visualization system from UAV images for real-time disaster monitoring. The proposed system consists of aerial segment and ground segment. In the aerial segment, the UAV system acquires the sensory data from digital camera and GPS/IMU sensor. Communication module transmits it to the ground server in real time. In the ground segment, the transmitted sensor data are processed to generate image-maps and the image-maps are visualized on the geo-portal. We conducted experiment to check the accuracy of the image-map using the system. Check points were obtained through ground survey in the data acquisition area. When calculating the difference between adjacent image maps, the relative accuracy was 1.58 m. We confirmed the absolute accuracy of the image map for the position measured from the individual image map. It is confirmed that the map is matched to the existing map with an absolute accuracy of 0.75 m. We confirmed the processing time of each step until the visualization of the image-map. When the image-map was generated with GSD 10 cm, it took 1.67 seconds to visualize. It is expected that the proposed system can be applied to real - time monitoring for disaster response.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.531-543
• /
• 2014

Research on activity-based travel demand forecasting and activity-travel simulator has received an international attention for the last two decades. Ways to develop the activity-based simulator may be manifold. It is obvious that importing an existing simulator that has been proven internationally likely reduces the development cost and the risk of failure. By definition of the activity-based approach, however, the details of an activity-based simulator inevitably relies on particular social, economic and cultural characteristics of the society where the simulator is developed. When importing such a simulator from overseas, the researcher should be aware of the importance of tuning the system for the society to which the imported system is applied. There are many potential works on this, including for example the tuning of data structure that is likely different form of the original system. The authors are yet aware of certain research on those. The current paper aims to report the result of transforming the input data for applying the existing activity-travel simulator to Seoul. The paper first introduces FEATHERS that was developed in Belgium having Albatross which is the core of system. FEATHERS Seoul that is under development and modified version of the original FEATHERS is briefly described and the related problems are discussed. The paper then explored to resolve and to alleviate such problems.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.161-187
• /
• 2012

Recently, environmentally friendly technology are becoming important due to reconsideration about climate change and environmental pollution. In addition, as well as technical skills and social interaction through an analysis of the nonlinear transition management and policy implementation are emerging. This study of the development of photovoltaic industry in Korea 10 years analyze with strategic niche management (SNM) based on the theoretical and multi-layered perspective (MLP) is used as the analytical framework. Choose the gerverment-support project for niche technology, through a process of quantifying and alnalyze the phase transition to Regime with the numerical method and policy vision, learning effects, and network that key elements of SNM, MLP. Through the analysis of the photovoltaic industry technology-commercialization phase was investigated. This conventional overall and step-by-step model for technical management is proposed to replace exiting linear and narrow method and through the case study its validity was confirmed.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.146-154
• /
• 2004

This study compared intake of vitamins and antioxidant nutritional status of smokers and nonsmokers, and the effect of supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E on antioxidant system of smokers and nonsmokers. Subjects were 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers of male university students. They were divided into groups of 10 subjects each one with supplementation for 4 weeks, to investigate the effects of supplementation. Smokers were divided into vitamin C supplement group, vitamin E supplement group and vitamin C and vitamin E combination supplement group, and so were nonsmokers. The supplementation of vitamin C was 500mg and vitamin E was 400IU. There was no significant difference of antioxidant vitamin intakes between smokers and non-smokers, and plasma concentration of vitamin C in smokers was lower than non-smokers (p<0.05). Blood pressure was higher in smokers (p<0.05), with no difference in blood glucose levels, methemoglobin and TBARS, but SOD activity was significantly higher in non-smokers (p<0.001). Vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure (p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and methemoglobin (p<0.001) in smokers. Also a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), blood glucose (p<0.05), methemoglobin (p<0.001) and TBARS (p<0.05), with significant increase of SOD activity (p<0.001) were found in vitamin E supplement group. In vitamin C and vitamin E combination supplement group, there was a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), methemoglobin (p<0.01) and TBARS (p<0.05). In non-smokers, methemoglobins (p<0.001) of vitamin C supplement group and vitamin E supplement group decreased, and diastolic pressure (p<0.05), methemoglobin (p<0.01) and TBARS (p<0.05) significantly decreased in vitamin C and vitamin E combination supplement group. These results indicated better efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in smokers than in nonsmokers, suggesting that the supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E might decrease the oxidative stress and various risk factors of smoking-related diseases.