• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to use network analysis to identify trends in university personality-related studies and provide implications for future research directions. For the purpose of this study, 194 papers related to personality of university students published in Korean scholarly journals. First, research began to be published in 2004, slightly increased in 2012, continued an upward curve from 2015, peaked in 2017, and is confirmed to be a downward trend. Second, the main keywords with the centrality analysis were 'society' and 'cultivation'. Third, keywords on the cognitive side and individual dimension of personality in the first period (2004 - 2010), social dimension and emotional side of personality in the second period (2011-2015), and social level and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of personality in the third period (2016-2020). Fourth, Topic 2 consisted of keywords of ability, life, interpersonal, satisfaction, and adaptation, and Topic 1 consisted of competence, morality, citizens, society, and practice. Fifth, Topic 4 alone in the first period, in the order of Topic 1 and Topic 2 in the second period, and in the order of Topic 2 and Topic 1 in the third period.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

A conflict of interest (COI) places people in ethical dilemma when providing consultation in a field of business, medical/pharmaceutical industry, research etc. Disclosure is a commonly adopted strategy for the adverse effect of COI, but previous studies have reported inconsistent results. This investigated whether individual differences in pursuing self-interest influence differently on consultation behavior during voluntary- or no-disclosure of COI conditions. A total of 190 adults participated in an on-line experiment which consisted of two tasks. On the 1^st task, participants were divided into either a role-oriented group or a self-interest group depending on their consultation choice on the task. On the 2^nd task, participants were required to choose whether to disclose COI to his/her virtual partner and provided consultation to them. No group differences were found in frequency of choosing voluntary disclosure. For the role-oriented group, the voluntary disclosure group provided unbiased information to the virtual partners than the no disclosure group. However, no group difference between voluntary- and no-disclosure group in the self-interest group. Implications and limitations are further discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.67-96
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• 2015

Do cultural differences affect moral decisions? Two studies were conducted to investigate whether attitudes of individualism vs. collectivism have an impact on ethical decision making. Study 1 (N=92) showed that utilitarianism was preferred in a situation, in which an intervention resulted in the best outcome (i.e., saving more people's lives), while deontology was preferred in a situation, in which the focus was on negative consequences of the intervention (i.e. personal sacrifices). Additionally, there were differences between the idiocentrics and the allocentrics groups regarding morality aspects. In the idiocentrics group, harm and fairness were regarded as more important than other moral aspects, while in the allocentrics group, not only harm and fairness, but also ingroup and authority were perceived as critical moral aspects. In Study 2 (N=30), after lexical decision tasks were conducted for culture priming, the mouse tracking method was used to explore response dynamics of moral decision processes, while judging appropriateness of interventions in moral dilemmas. In Study 2, in a condition, in which the small number of victims were focused upon, there were more maximal deviations and higher X_flips in the individualism priming group than in the collectivism priming group, which showed that the participants in the individualism condition had more deliberative processes before choosing their answers between utilitarianism and deontology. In addition, the participants in the individualism priming condition showed more maximal deviations in the mouse trajectories regarding ingroup related interventions in moral dilemmas than those in the collectivism priming condition. These results implicated the possibilities that the automatic emotional process and the controlled deliberative process in moral decision making might interact with cultural dispositions of the individuals and the focus of situations.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.109-142
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• 2005

This study was conducted to suggest the research domains of Criminal Psychology, which is needed to improve the disciplinary identity of the Korean Criminal Psychology. Some major textbooks of Criminal Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Legal Psychology are written by korean and foreign psychologists. Major definitions and research domains of Criminal Psychology was compared and reviewed. For aggregating the criminal psychological researches were studied by korean psychologists, a total of 211 articles and papers, which was published by Korean Psychological Association, 5 Sub-psychological Associations, and Korean Law Psychological Association, were reviewed. Several the major research domains in Criminal Psychology was suggested as follows: General psychological theories, aggression·anger·morality, adolescent delinquency, mind and motivations of criminals, victims, investigation techniques, testimony, assessment·counseling·correction·rehabilitation of criminals, prediction and prevention of crime.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

Many researches have argued the most important dimension of perception or evaluation of person is morality and competence in Korean culture. This study was to investigate the cultural characteristics of the criteria of personhood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the criteria used to evaluate person by qualitative approach and the differences of evaluation of wrongdoer who violates interpersonal norm or individual autonomy by experimental method. In addition, anger as emotional response to wrongdoer is conceptualized in terms of moral and self-conscious emotion. Expression of anger is less an outpouring of emotion and more a culturally regulated and normative mode of managing and putting into practice our society's system of rights and obligations - its moral code. According to results of qualitative data by interview and focus group interview, the most important criteria used to evaluate personhood was interpersonal concern, esp, expectation and norm. The results of experiment revealed that violation of interpersonal norm domain evoked angrier towards violator than autonomy domain. The subjects ascribed more blame and responsibility to interpersonal norm violator than autonomy keeper. Also function of behavior inhibition of anger was higher in interpersonal norm domain than autonomy domain.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-66
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• 2003

This study was to investigate two main purposes; The first was to explore the factors which have an effect on conceding seats to the old or the weak in subway(concessive action). The second was to examine the influence that the psychological burden and the responsibility had on concessive action and it's gender differences. The results of study 1 showed that affective empathy, morality, and negative-state relief were important inductive factors, while 3 factors were revealed as important inhibitory factors for the concessive action; psychological burden, repulsion for coercive demand for conceding seats and vagueness of concession situation. In study 2, We could find the fact that the psychological burden and the responsibility had a main effect on the concessive action. The more participants felt the psychological burden, they were likely to evaluate that the tendency to concessive action would be decreased. And the more participants felt the responsibility, they were inclined to evaluate that concessive action would be increased. Secondly, the interaction effect was also revealed: On the situation that the psychological burden was high and responsibility was low, participants judged that people tended not to concede seats. Finally, We were able to identify gender differences. Specifically, Judging the tendency to concessive action, women were more responsive to the psychological burden than men.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.spc
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• pp.21-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of trust in Korean culture using the indigenous psychological analysis. First, this paper raises central questions that arise in Korean families, schools, companies and society: 1) Why are some Korean families disintegrating? 2) What core values do Korean schools teach? 3) What are the goals that Korean companies pursue? 4) Does trust exist in Korean society? Second, this paper reviews a series of empirical studies conducted using the indigenous psychology approach. The results indicate the following three major themes: 1) trust is based on relational culture and ingroup identity; 2) emotional attachment and bond provide the basis of trust; 3) the emphasis on cultivation of virtue through constant self-cultivation rather than ability and the control of the environment. Third, this paper raises central issues that need to be addressed: 1) the extension and expansion of trust beyond the narrow confines of the family and ingroup to include outgroup members; 2) recognition and balance of public rationality and private emotions and relations in society; 3) the achievement of balance between self-regulation and the control of the environment.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.62
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• pp.145-176
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• 2016

This paper aims to define the leadership of Gunja (君子, translated into prince, gentleman, or ideal man) based on Confucian Classics which offer the general values and norms of individuals' virtue and social virtuous acts. Thus, humanitarianism is regarded as true value, and the values of a virtuous person who properly practices social human relationships are discussed. The real worth of Gunja image is discussed as a true human image of "self-completion and completion of all things" (成己成物) which involves the convergence of truth, good and beauty where there is a sense of harmony and balance, where there is stern self discipline and self cultivation and where win-win values of human relationships are created. Confucian saint (聖人), wise man (賢人), great man (大人), and gentleman (君子) mean social leaders. They practice human morals, enlighten and beautify society with teachings, and are indicated as equipped with mental and material harmony, good character and competence, and economic power and morality. People today pursue their own personal growth according to their material preferences rather than pure intellectual cultural values, and are engrossed in visually beautiful external unlimited competition. In this digital age, we are supposed to demonstrate our individuality, but many people are obsessed with appearance, go on severe diet, and lose their health beauty, and consequently suffer mental stress. This trend fuels obsession with appearance and the sick practice of valuing appearance. As an alternative method to overcome this phenomenon, we need a leader image with the convergence of truth, good and beauty, which is characterized by internal self cultivation, external professionalism, and handsome and solid character. Confucian thoughts consist in practicing the Way of disciplining oneself for governing others (修己治人). Self discipline involves developing personal virtuous ability for cultivating a virtuous character, and governing others involves interacting to work together in society and to have right human relationships. Thus, leaders should impress not only themselves but also others. Self discipline for governing others means cultivating virtue for oneself and leading others. A true leader has self introspection and establishes himself through self discipline so that he can govern others or reach the realm of settling others where people live together. As all things have a value and a virtue, humans endeavor to cultivate character and virtue by learning and studying for securing their professionalism, reliability, character and ability, so as to create their own brand value. Personal character does not come from a high position, wealth and power. Character is a personal virtue, and is cultivated as immaculate and fresh through self discipline. As such, it well matches with a clean and clear spirit. This offers the ideal leader as the Guja image who has an extremely humane character, as well as being equipped with inherent virtues of intellect, benevolence and courage. Self development can foster virtue and self management through self leadership and self discipline. The leader in the relationship area can practice his virtue through virtuous acts, in other words, even think from another person's perspective. Such leader is mentioned as the principle of measuring square in the Great Learning. In our viewpoint, the beauty of character can breed the seed of virtue through intellect, benevolence and courage, the beauty of win-win can realize the right virtue by showing exemplary acts to others through considerateness, and the beauty of harmony can love and care for others like me through the principle of measuring square, thereby realizing the universal principle of virtue and harmony, which is like my mind. As such, the ideal leader, when his virtue and mind of being considerate of others all blending well, can exercise his ability to the full, can live together and coexist with many people, and can grow again into a triumphant relationship.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.9-40
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• 2014

This article focuses on Yeheon's consideration and solution for the hostile of social circumstances during the time of the Japanese invasions. Yeheon thought that the Chosun dynasty must have faced such disorder before the war happened. People including the king and his subjects did not live their life according to the righteous principle, and the state was not under control in a way that it should accomplish the Dao. Yeheon thought that the Japanese invasion, which is more like a flood or certain disasters, was not primarily responsible for the harshest of environments. Yeheon paid his attention to the fact that even after the Japanese invasions ended, people were still in disorder losing their mind-and-heart. People's mind-and-heart became that of animals because of starvation and disease. This is because the government made people trapped in a difficult situation by forcing them to prepare for military operations, rather than taking care of them. As a result, in Yeheon's view, the main cause of the social disorder was people's lack of mind-and-heart, which brought about their actions of brutality like those of animals. Although Yeheon himself did not form righteous armies, he instead suggested a right path to overcome and solve the social disorder by describing and analyzing in detail the reality of the war as well as the problems of policies. In particular, Yeheon studied the Zhou yi at the time because understanding the principle of fortune and misfortune, as well as the rise and fall of a state, could give a proper solution to the social turmoil of his times. In Yeheon's eyes, the most important thing to do in the time of people's losing mind-and-heart was to follow li and accomplish the Dao in their daily life. And this was what he, as a gentleman, should do. Yeheon thought that in spite of the harshest of environments, one can still preserve one's grace and dignity, which would overcome one's adversity. This gives us the following questions: should one put aside one's grace and dignity to overcome wartime perils? Or in so doing, one should face more severe time after a short period of peace and stability? These questions concern the relationship between one's morality and the state's responsibility, and what is the right way of doing one's duty to the state is the main philosophical subject in this article.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.249-264
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• 2013

Using social network analysis, this study examined cognitive representations of ideal public figures as well as politicians and entertainers who are often regarded as public figures in Korea. Participants expected ideal public figures to possess only positive characteristics, such as high morality, integrity, competence. However, their assessment of politicians and entertainers reflected in their cognitive representations turned out to be fairly different from the image of ideal public figures. Personality traits and behavioral characteristics featured in cognitive representations of politicians were dominantly negative. Cognitive representations of entertainers incorporated both positive and negative characteristics highly interconnected to each other. This study also explored how people respond affectively toward ideal public figures, politicians and entertainers. Participants showed only positive feelings toward ideal public figures. However, their' affective responses toward politicians were entirely negative and toward entertainers, both positive and negative affects were shown. We discussed the disjunction between the representations of politicians and entertainers and of ideal public figures and suggested directions of future research.