• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 1979

The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent and how the infant's Object Attachment occurs. For this purpose, 28 mothers with their infants showing or having shown this phenomenon were interviewed. They were selected by the whole scale smpling method from 310 household -wives living at a delux Apt. in Seoul. The results are summarized as follows : 1. About 27% of the infants aged between 6 months and 6 years turned out to show this phenomenon. 2. Qulits, bed clothes, pillows and blankets, which infants have been closely contacted since their babyhood, were the major source of attachment objects. In general, these objects were proved to have soft, wasm, smooth, and glassy tactile sensation. 3.This phenomenon, in average, appeared since 13 months after birth, About 50% of the whole began to show this phenomenon between 9 and 14 month after birth. 4. Half of the infants didn't show a change of attachment strength, but as for the other half, the attachment strength increased after one year of age, and decreased after three years of age, as the social period commenced. 5. Infants needed attachment objects especially when they were driven by sleep, sense of emptiness, and monotonous or boring feeling. 6. There were little difference between Object Attachment behavior and motherinfant attachment behavior except "babbling", "using her as a base for exploration". Those behaviors did not appear in Object Attachment. 7. mothers said that their children's attachment objects played the role of substitute mother, pacificater, warmer, friend , etc. And they attributed this phenomenon's appearance to lack their physical contact with, ocnstant and warm care toward, their children or bottle feeding.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.229-242
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• 1997

the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of household type on human capital enhancement expenditures and to compare the difference in these expenditures between female-hemale-headed and married-couple households. Data for this study were from the 1990-91 Consumer Expenditure Survey(CES) and consisted of a sample of 7,225 married-couple and 1,391 female-headed households with children under age 18. The dependent variable to measure human capital expenditures was the sum of four sub-components-education reading leisure and health care expenditures. Tobit analysis with a dummy variable for household type was used to identify the effect of household type on the dollars spent on human capital expenditures. The effect of household type was significant in human capital expenditures indicating that female-headed households spent significantly less for this category than did married-couple household holding other factors constant. the findings of this study suggested that income from a public assistance program was associated with lesser expenditures on human capital while social security income source was associated with greater human capital expenditures, It was also found that the addition of family members between ages of 6 and 17 positively affected human capital expenditures. Understanding these factors is useful for family resource management professionals who work with female-headed households.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.3 s.217
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• pp.13-25
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• 2006

In the information age, the spread of internet has a lot of positive aspects. However, it also has very serious problems with adverse effects on immature teenagers both physically and mentally. Among them, internet addiction has recently grown into a social problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the degree of internet addiction of teenagers and the related variables, such as individual variables, using internet variable, parent-child relationship variable, and psychological variable. The survey subjects were 452 high school students in the Gimhae area. The results were as follows: First, the average score of internet addiction among the teenagers of this study was 48.24 out of 100. Which according to Young's classification, corresponds to an early stage addiction. Second, there was a significant difference in the degree of internet addiction by students' school record. The low-graded group was highly addicted to the internet. Third, the longer the teenagers were exposed to the internet, the higher they were addicted. Fourth, the degree of internet addiction was influenced by parent-child relationship. There was low addiction in a group with their parents' high support. Fifth, the degree of internet addiction was differed by psychological variables, such as self-control, self-esteem and depression. Low self-control, low self-esteem and highly depressed teenagers were related to a higher degree of internet addiction.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.10 s.212
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• pp.91-102
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• 2005

This study investigated differences in the level of delinquent behaviors depending on family structures among adolescents. The subjects were 552 middle and high school students living in Seoul and Incheon, of whom 247 were being raised by single-parents and 305 by non-divorced parents. All respondents answered by self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by t-test, Scheffe test, ANOVA and two-way ANOVA. The major findings were as follows. First, the level of adolescents' delinquent behaviors differed by sex and age. High school students tended to be more engaged in violence and status delinquent behaviors than middle school students. Male students were more likely to engage in social, sex and properly delinquent behaviors than female students. Second, there were differences in the level of delinquent behaviors depending on family structures among the adolescents. Mostly, adolescents with non-divorced parents were less delinquent than those with a single parent. Third, among the adolescents from a divorced family, then whose parents had been divorced for 1-2 years had the highest score in sex and property delinquent behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.217-240
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• 1991

The primary purpose of this study is to construct a path model in which shows how the background variables, retirement-related variables, and perceptions of stress in retirement influence life satisfaction among retirees. Data from a probability sample of retirees who are not employed as a full - time (n of retirees=261)are used. The social stress model, developed by House (1974) and George (1980), presented and tested in this research focuses on the perspective of the retirees. The major findings are: 1. The retirees perceive relatively high levels of stress in retirement. 2. Levels of living standard, health status, and locus of control are significant factors in differentiating the degrees of perceived stress in retirement and life satisfaction. 3. Concerning the retirement variables, the previous job satisfaction, plans and preparatins for leisure activities and financial arrangement contribute to differentiate the degrees of perceived stress in retirement and life satisfaction. 4. While health status, locus of control, and the perceptions of stress in retirement influence directly on life satisfaction, age, education, income, and activity level influence indirectly through the retirement - related variables and the perceptions of stress in retirement on life satisfaction. The significant impact of the perceptions of stress in retirement upon life satisfaction receives strong support.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.123-135
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between shopping orientation and purchasing satisfaction of apparels. To achieve the purpose, this study was carried out by means of questionnaires with female consumers aged from 20s to 50s in Daegu. The data were analysed by the frequency analysis, percentage, reliability test, factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range analysis. The statistical package for social science 9.0 for Window was used for the statistical processing of the data. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. To examine factors which construct female consumers' shopping orientation for apparels, a factor analysis was done, therefore, which obtained 6 factors. Also A factor analysis was done to examine the motivative factors of satisfaction with purchased apparels, 6 factors were obtained. 2. Based on the average score of shopping-orientation factors for apparels, a cluster analysis was done and it was classified into 3 clusters. There were differences in purchasing satisfaction of purchased apparels between the 3 clusters. 3. The differences in variety, shopping convenience, dignity, brand & preference, and convenient selection between the clusters were entirely p<0.001 which were very significant. There were no differences in the quality and service factors between the brand-/practicality-oriented cluster and entertainment-oriented cluster. With other factors, entertainment-oriented cluster was most satisfied than brand-/ practicality oriented cluster. But, self-reliance-oriented cluster was lowest purchasing satisfaction of apparels.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

The Purpose of. this study was to investigate the relationship between sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance-management behavior. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 323 females in their twenties. Statistical analysis methods were frequency, percentage, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, X²-test, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the study were as follows. As for appearance-management behaviors of females in their twenties, they experienced in diet, plastic surgery, skin care, make up, and hair dyeing. There were significant differences in body satisfaction between groups according to body image distortion. Respondents were barely satisfied with their body, and the group with high body image distortion showed low body satisfaction. Sociocultural attitude toward appearance factors was analyzed into 2 factors, iternalization of mass-media and social recognition toward appearance, which respondents considered importantly. A significant difference was found in sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance management behavior. The group with positive sociocultural attitude toward appearance was analyzed to show high appearance concern and many experiences of appearance management behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.9
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• pp.55-67
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to find out the source of information and clothing benefits of female university students according to their shopping orientations. 340 female students living in Seoul were surveyed and the following results were found: Female students were divided into recreational shoppers and convenience shoppers according to their shopping orientations. Recreational shoppers exhibited interest in self-improvement, individuality, economy, and convenience shoppers in practicality of clothing benefits. Recreational shoppers focused higher value on gathering information than convenience shoppers and prefer information they gain in store display and mass communication media. Recreational shoppers have higher value on self-actualizing than social affiliation value. The findings indicate that shopping orientation can be used effectively to segment the female university students market and the finding of this study contribute to the development of strategies for clothing producer or retailer to provide a strong means to satisfy their shoppers' needs.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2011

This study explored how a 5th grade girl from a divorced family recovered her femininity through the sandplay therapy. The client was referred by a social worker in her school because of maladjustments such as passivity in school work, poor peer relations, especially with girls, the usage of bad language and a lack of concern about her appearance. There were 41 sessions of the therapy. The first part of the therapy included 1-7 sessions, the middle part 8-35, and the final part 36-41. The client expressed her situation by showing guardians and a peeing boy and by seeking love in the first part. During the middle part she put copper ballerinas and needed to make them alive. In the final part she set figures facing each other who seemed to have mutual understandings and placed cars running well. The client recovered her femininity through the sandplay therapy in a free and protected space.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.71-84
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyse how the separation anxiety of mothers and children influences on the children's peer competence through mother's overprotection. The subjects of this study were 302 children and their mothers, three to five years old who attended at educare centers and kindergartens which were located in Cheongju city and Daejeon city. The results of this research were as follows: First, there were differences in the separation anxiety of mothers and children, maternal overprotective behavior, and children's peer competence according to the social demographic backgrounds. Second, the separation anxiety of mothers and children influenced on mother's sheltering behavior and babying behavior. Third, mothers' sheltering behavior mediated the relationship between mothers' and children's separation anxiety and children's prosocial behavior. It also appeared that mothers' babying behavior mediated the relationship between the separation anxiety of mothers and children and children's initiative.