• 벤처혁신연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.41-65
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• 2023

본 연구는 최근 화두가 되고 있는 중소기업의 ESG(환경·사회·지배구조) 경영 도입 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 독립변수로 ESG의 유용성과 용이성을 일차적으로 도출하였다. 또한 중소기업에서 의사결정은 CEO의 결정이 매우 절대적이고 필수적이므로 CEO 의지를 도출하였다. 그리고, ESG 경영의 제도적 요인으로 ESG 경영에 관한 고객사의 요구, 정부 지원, 신용평가 반영 등이 중요한 결정 요인으로 판단되어 이를 독립변수로 채택하였다. 이러한 영향 관계에서 태도의 매개효과와 종업원 혁신 저항성의 조절효과도 동시에 분석 하였다. 이를 위해 유효한 368개의 표본을 SPSS 24.0을 활용하여 분석하였다. 매개효과와 조절 효과는 Process Macro 4.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. ESG 도입의 유용성과 용이성, CEO 의지, 고객사 요구, 정부지원, 신용평가 반영 모두 ESG 경영 도입의도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 CEO의 의지가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ESG 경영 도입에 미치는 영향 요인과 도입의도와의 관계에서 태도가 매개역할을 하는 것으로 확인되었고, 종업원 혁신저항성의 조절 효과도 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 학술적 시사점은 중소기업 ESG와 관련해서 선행연구가 부족한 상황 속에서 ESG 경영 도입 관련 각각의 영향 변수를 도출하고 실증적으로 검정했다는 것이다. 또한 이러한 요인들이 도입의도에 미치는 영향력의 우선순위를 밝혀 ESG 경영 도입 촉진을 방안을 도출했다는 점이다. 실무적 시사점으로는 중소기업의 성공적인 ESG 도입을 위해서는 무엇보다 CEO의 인식개선과 정부지원, 대기업과의 상생 관계가 중요하다는 점이다. 원활한 ESG 경영 도입을 위하여 조직 구성원들과 충분한 소통을 통하여 필요성을 인식하게 함으로써 저항감을 낮출 방안을 모색해야 할 필요도 있었다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2014

유비쿼터스 시티(유시티)에서는 수많은 비디오 카메라들이 설치된다. 이렇게 설치된 많은 카메라로부터 대용량의 비디오 데이터가 실시간으로 끊임없이 발생하고 유시티의 관리 시스템으로 전달된다. 유시티의 다양한 서비스들을 뒷받침하기 위해서는 이러한 비디오 데이터를 저장하고, 이렇게 저장된 대용량의 비디오 데이터를 분석할 수 있는 방법과 관리 시스템이 요구된다. 그래서, 이 논문에서는 클라우드 컴퓨팅을 기반으로 한 유시티 비디오 관리 시스템을 제안한다. 또한, 근래 주목받고 있는 데이터 병렬처리 프레임워크인 Hadoop MapReduce를 이용하여 이러한 빅데이터 비디오를 분석하는 방법을 제안하고, 이에 따른 우리의 성능 평가를 소개한다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1980

Lipid peroxidation in vitro has been identified as a basic deteriorative reaction in cellular mechanism of aging processes, such as air pollution oxidant damage to cell and to the lung, chlorinated hydrocarbon hepatotoxicity. Many experimental evidences were reported by several investigators that lipid peroxidation could be one of the principle causes for the hepatotoxicity produced by $CCl_4$. It is now reasonably established that $CCl_4$ is activated to a free radical in vivo, that lipid peroxidation occurs very quickly in microsomes prepared from damaged livers, that the peroxidation is associated with loss of enzyme activity of microsomes, and that various antioxidants can protect animals against the hepatotoxic effect of $CCl_4$. Recent studies have drawn attention to some other feature of microsomal lipid peroxidation. Incubation of liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH has led to a loss of cytochrome $P_{450}$. However, the presence of an antioxidant prevented lipid peroxidation and preserved cytochrome $P_{450}$. Decrease of cytochrome $P_{450}$ in microsomes under in vitro incubation can be enhanced by $CCl_4 and these changes were parallel to a loss of microsomal polyunsaturated fatty acid and formation of malonaldehyde. The primary purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of riboflavin tetrabutylate on lipid peroxidation, specially, the relationship between lipid peroxidation and drug metabolizing enzyme system which is located in smooth endoplasmic recticulum as well as the effect of ritoflavin tetrabutylate on drug metabolizing enzyme system of animal treated with $CCl_4$. Albino rats were used for experimental animal. In order to induce drug metabolizing enzyme system, phenobarbital was injected intraperitoneally. $CCl_$ and riboflavin tetrabutylate were given intraperitoneally as solution in olive oil. Microsomal fraction was isolated from liver of animals and TBA value as well as the activity of drug metabolizing enzyme were measured in the microsomal fractions. The results are summerized as following. 1) The secobarbital induced sleeping time of $CCl_4$ treated rat was about 2 times longer than that of the control group. However, the pretreatment with riboflavin tetrabutylate inhibited completely the lengthened sleeping time due to $CCl_4$ treatment. Furthermore TBA value was significantly increased in $CCl_4$ treated rat in comparison to control group tut the increase of TBA value was prevented by the pretreatment with riboflavin tetrabutylate. On the other hand, the activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme was decreased in $CCl_4$ group, however, the pretreatment with riboflavin tetrabutylate also prevented the decrease of the enzyme activity caused by $CCl_4$. 2) The effect of riboflavin tetrabutylate on TBA value and the activity of drug metabolizing enzyme in vitro was similar to in vivo results. Incubation of liver microsome from rat in the presence of $CCl_4$, $Fe^{++}$, or ascorbic acid has led to the marked increase of TBA value, however, the addition of riboflavin tetrabutylate in incubation mixture prevented significantly the increase of TBA value, suggesting the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In accordance with TBA value, the activity of drug metabolizing enzyme was inhibited in the presence of $CCl_4$, $Fe^{++}$, ascorbic acid but the addition of riboflavin tetrabutylate protected the loss of the enzyme activity in microsome under in vitro incubation.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2008

The increase of the supply of medical service and the increase of hospitals have intensified the competition of hospitals, and the advancement towards internationalization in the opening of medical industry has triggered the infinite competition of medical profession. In addition, the high expectation of customers and quality improvement in the medical care in accordance with the improvement of overall income, and the change of active role of medical consumers according to the popularization and the improvement of rights awareness reflect the customer needs and choice in the medical service. Customers wanted to receive the kind and pleasant service under the up-to-date medical service. Therefore, as a solution, hospital coordinators were emerged for the purpose of smooth treatment and customer satisfaction by generalizing all service of hospital. Accordingly, this thesis attempted to investigate the effect of hospital coordinator education curriculum on the education satisfaction and the quality of medical service. In order to solve the purpose of this study, I, author reviewed the existing literatures, established hypothesis, and verified hypothesis by using the variety of statistics techniques such as reliability, validity, frequency analysis, and regression analysis. The verification of hypothesis is as followings: First, among education training factors of hospital coordinators, the quality of instructor significantly affects the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training. Second, among training factors of hospital coordinator, the attitude of trainee significantly affects the training satisfaction of hospital coordinator. Third, among education training factors of hospital coordinator, education course significantly affects the training satisfaction of hospital coordinator education. As the qualities of instructor are better equipped, the satisfaction of education becomes higher. It indicates that the education method of instructors is important as an index to represent the qualities of instructor such as the appropriateness of education method, preparation, passion, visual materials, the adequacy of education procession, and specialized knowledge, and it has important effect on the satisfaction of education. In order to enhance the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education, the creation of education environment, making trainee concentrate on the education, is required by appropriately allocating programs, arousing interest in education, based on the attitude of trainee, discussion, and preliminary programs, preparation, ahead of enforcement of education. Fourth, the satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training significantly affects the reliability among the qualities of medical service. Fifth, satisfaction of hospital coordinator education training significantly affects hospitality I kindness among the qualities of medical service. If the education satisfaction of trainee is high, it is effective in the practical application such as dealing with complaints, the duty performance for the patients, and so on in offering the medical service, related to reliability and furthermore, we can find the positive change in the attitude change of medical professions related to the reliability of hospital coordinator. In addition, in the process of offering medical services such as the kind explanation on the duty, rapid response to the customers inquiry, and tidy uniform, practical effect was verified. Sixth, the education training factor of hospital coordinator significantly affects the reliability among the quality of medical service. Seventh, the education training factors of hospital coordinator significantly affect hospitality/kindness. In the education of hospital coordinator, the methods to attract the interest of trainee by emphasizing reliability should be sought and for gaining the practical effect of hospital coordinator education, the sufficient preparation and investigation on the education curriculum should be prerequisite and under this condition, intensified discussion on the instructor and education course is needed. In the design of education course, more education hours and subjects should be allocated in the part of hospitality in order to improve the practical application of hospitality. Therefore, it is meaningful in a sense that this study newly approached the components of hospital coordinator education and the need to modify the quality components of medical service in accordance with the study subjects was raised. This study also finds its meaning in that it provides basic materials for the study of future hospital coordinator education by suggesting the system development model of hospital coordinator education through preliminary study of education training. In addition, this study is meaningful in the aspect that it suggested the direction of education training by showing how the hospital coordinator education training would applied to the hospital coordinator course of the Continuing Education Center at Pusan and Kyungnam National University to some extent. Since all investigation of this study was approached from the side of hospital coordinator, the thoughts of patients who are beneficiaries of medical service, and care givers cannot be identified. Therefore, the satisfaction of patients and care givers through the experience of medical service, which is the essential prerequisite of medical service, should be importantly considered and investigated. Accordingly, The study of comparing and analyzing the views of both patients and care givers should be carried out in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1988

The effects of ouabain on the contractile and electrical activities were investigated in the isolated preparations of guinea-pig taenia coli, and compared with those of vanadate. Spontaneous contractions were recorded with force transducer, and electrical activites were measured by use of suction electrode, or single sucrose-gap technique. The contractions were induced by the electrical stimulation for 5 seconds every 1 minute with alternating current (60 Hz, 3.0 V/cm) through the platinum electrodes located in parallel with the long axis of the preparation. All experiments were performed in tris-buffered Tyrode solution which was aerated with $100%{\;}O_2$ and kept at $35^{\circ}C$. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Responses of spontaneous contractions to ouabain were concentration-dependent; $10^{-7}M$ ouabain caused a rise of basal tone. Above the concentration of $10^{-6}M$ ouabain, an initial increase followed by a decrease in tension was observed. 2) A continuous spike discharge was induced by the administration of $10^{-7}M$ ouabain. Above $10^{-6}M$ ouabain, a transient initial increase followed by a decrease in spike frequency and amplitude was produced, and finally membrane potential was sustained at a certain level without a spike discharge. 3) The characteristic response to $10^{-7}M$ ouabain was not blocked by the pretreatment with $10^{-7}M$ atropine. 4) The electrically induced contractions were completely suppressed at the concentration of $2{\times}10^{-7}M$ ouabain. These contractions were blocked more rapidly in paralled with the increase in ouabain concentration. 5) Effects of vanadate on the spontaneous activities were quite different from those of ouabain; $10^{-6}M$ vanadate increased the amplitude of contractions and $10^{-5}M$ vanadate increased slightly both amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. $10^{-4}M$ vanadate showed irregular phasic contractions superimposed on the increased basal tone. 6) $10^{-5}M$ vanadate depolarized the membrane potential and shortened the interval between the bursts of spike discharge, whereas $10^{-4}M$ vanadate induced continuous spike discharge with membrane depolarization. 7) Vanadate caused a characteristic inhibitory response to the contractions induced by electrical stimulation; An initial rapid inhibition of tension development and then gradual recovery to a certain level. From the above results, the following conclusions could be made: 1) The rise of basal tone at $10^{-7}M$ ouabain is due to continuous spike discharge without a silent period. The continuous spike discharge is likely to be associated with a slight membrane depolarization caused by the blockage of Na pump. 2) The biphasic response induced by above $10^{-6}M$ ouabain seems to occur by the different mechanisms. The initial increase in tension is associated with depolarization along with an increase in spike frquency, whereas the subsequent relaxation occurs through a non-electrical mechanism. 3) The characteristic response to $10^{-7}M$ ouabain is resulted not from the action on intrinsic nerve terminal, but from its direct action on the membrane of smooth muscle cells. 4) The phasic contractions superimposed on the increased basal tone at the concentration of $10^{-4}M$ vanadate is resulted from the continuous spike discharge with membrane depolarization, of which mechanism remains unknown. 5) The inhibitory action of ouabain on the electrically induced contractions suggests that the increasein intracellular Na in some way inhibits the electrically induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx. The mechanism of vanadate action on the induced contractions remains unknown.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2004

Normal pulsed Nd:YAG 레이저 조사와 불소화합물이 산성음료수에 의해 탈회된 법랑질의 표면 미세경도에 미치는 재광화 효과를 평가하고자 한다. 법랑질 시편을 제작하여 50ml 플라스틱 시험관 5개에 코카콜라를 채운 후 30개의 소구치를 6개씩 나누어 넣고 탈회시켰다. 법랑질 표면에 6W 출력하의 50mJ 에너지 밀도, 20Hz의 pulse rate로 레이저를 조사하였다. 레이저가 조사된 법랑질 표면에 각 군별로, 여러 형태의 불소화합물을 처리한 후 탈회 전, 후의 미세경도 및 Diagnodent를 측정하였다. 동일한 방법으로 탈회된 법랑질에 레이저를 조사했을 때와 레이저가 조사된 법랑질 표면에 불소화합물을 처치한 후에 미세경도 및 Diagnodent를 측정하였다. 법랑질 표면을 산성 음료에 탈회 후, 레이저 조사 후, 불소화합물 처치 후의 각각의 시편에 대하여, 주사전자현미경으로 1500배 확대하여 관찰하였다. 1. 산성 탈회된 법랑질 표면의 미세경도(VHN)가 레이저를 조사한 후와 불소 도포 후에 증가하였으나, 레이저 조사 후의 경도와 불소도포후의 경도간의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 2. 초기 경도, 탈회 후 경도, 레이저 조사 후 경도, 불소 도포 후 경도에서 불소군 간의 차이는 모두 유의하지 않았고, 불소용액 군과 불소 젤 군에서는 레이저 조사 후의 경도와 불소 도포 후의 경도간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 불소 바니쉬 군에서는 유의한 차이가 있었다. 3. Diagnodent 측정치의 변화에서 초기 점수, 탈회 후 점수, 레이저 조사 후의 점수와 불소 도포 후의 점수간에는 유의한 차이가 있었고, 레이저 조사 후 점수와 불소 도포 후의 점수가 불소 도포 군 사이에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4. 산성 음료수에 탈회된 법랑질 표면에의 Nd:YAG 레이저 조사는 재광화에 효과적이며, 불소화합물의 처치는 레이저의 효과를 증가시키는 부가적인 효과를 갖는다. 5. 주사 전자 현미경상에서 Nd:YAG 레이저가 조사된 법랑질 표면은 전체 표면이 법랑소주가 녹아내려 융합된 매끈한 바닥에 균열이 생기고 분화구가 퍼져 있는 양상을 보였으며 불소 도포 후에는 균열과 분화구 형태는 뚜렷하지 않으며 탈회된 후의 표면에 가까운 양상을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2018

Objective: In this study, we investigated the adverse effects of dietary zearalenone (ZEA) (0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg diet) on the localization and expression of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in the uteri of post-weaning gilts and explored alternative mechanism of the reproductive toxicity of ZEA on piglets. Methods: A total of forty healthy piglets (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White) aged 28 d were selected for study. Piglets were transferred to single cages after 10 days' adaptation on an obstetric table. The animals were allocated to one of four treatments: a normal basal diet supplemented with 0 (Control), 0.5 (ZEA0.5), 1.0 (ZEA1.0), or 1.5 (ZEA1.5) mg/kg purified ZEA, and fed for 35 d after the 10-d adaptation. Analyzed ZEA concentrations in the diets were 0, $0.52{\pm}0.07$, $1.04{\pm}0.03$, and $1.51{\pm}0.13mg/kg$, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, piglets were euthanized after being fasted for 12 h. Two samples of uterine tissue from each pig were rapidly collected, one of which was stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ for analysis of the relative mRNA and protein expression of GHR, and the second was promptly fixed in Bouin's solution for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The relative weight of the uteri and thickness of the myometrium and endometrium increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.001) with an increasing level of ZEA. The results of immunohistochemical analysis indicated that GHR immunoreactive substance was mainly localizated in the cytoplasm of uterine smooth muscle, glandular epithelial, luminal epithelial, stromal, and vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, nuclear staining was rarely observed. The immunoreactive integrated optic density of GHR in the myometrium, luminal epithelium, glandular epithelium, and whole uteri of weaning gilts increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.05) with an increasing level of ZEA. The mRNA and protein expression of GHR in the uteri of weaning gilts increased linearly (p<0.001) and quadratically (p<0.05) with an increasing level of ZEA. Conclusion: In conclusion, ZEA at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg was sufficient to significantly thicken the myometrium and endometrium, and at a concentration of 1.0 mg/kg induced a high level of GHR expression to promote growth and development of the uteri. This revealed an alternative molecular mechanism whereby ZEA induces growth and development of the uteri and provides a theoretical basis for the revision of Chinese feed hygiene standards.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 1996

1) 강력한 $K^+$ 통로개방제인 pinacidil은 투여한 pinacidil의 농도, T1-201의 방사능양, 실험에 사용된 심근세포 수에 따라 차이는 있었지만 배양된 심근세포의 T1-201섭취를 1.6-2.5배 감소시켰고, 심근내로 유입시킨 T1-201의 세포외로의 배출을 1.6-3.1배 증가시켰다. Pinacidil의 T1-201의 세포내로의 섭취억제는 세포내로 유입되는 T1-201의 세포 내에서의 저류가 억제되어 일어났을 것으로 추측된다. 2) 생쥐체내에 주사한 pinacidil의 효과는 실험관내의 심근세포의 변화처럼 뚜렸하지는 않았지만 T1-201을 주사한 생쥐에서 10분 이후 pinacidil의 정맥주사한 경우에는 혈액과 간장의 방사능치는 치료하지 않은 군보다 약간 높았고, 신장과 심장의 방사능치는 약간 낮은 경향을 보였다. 이상의 배양된 심근세포와 생쥐체내 실험의 연구결과는 항고혈압약제나, 항협심증약, 기관지천식 치료제로 사용되는 $K^+$통로개방제는 심근내로의 T1-201 축적을 억제하고 배출을 촉진시켜. T1-201 심근관류스캔의 판독에 영향을 미칠 수 있을 수 있을 것으로 추측된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.262-268
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• 2006

연구목적은 산성 음료수에 의해 탈회된 법랑질의 표면에 대한 Nd:YAG레이저 조사의 재광화 효과와 불화물 도포의 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 치아우식증, 색소, 손상, 부착물이 없는 건전한 사람의 유치의 평활면으로부터 법랑질 시편을 제작하고, 코카콜라에 12시간 동안 담가 탈회시켰다. 탈회된 법랑질 표면에 6W출력, 50mJ, 20Hz pulse rate의 에너지 밀도로 Nd:YAG 레이저를 조사하였다. 탈회 전후와 레이저 조사 후에 미세경도 및 Diagnodent 점수를 측정한 후, 0.05% 불소 용액, 1.23% 불소 젤, 0.1%불소 바니쉬 중의 한 가지를 도포하였으며 미세경도 및 Diagnodent측정을 통하여 레이저의 재광화 효과와 불소의 효과를 평가하였다. 1. Diagnodent 측정치의 변화에서, 탈회 후에는 초기 점수의 23.51%로 감소하였고, 레이저 조사 후에는 초기 점수의 37.37%로 증가하였으며, 불소도포 후에는 초기 점수의 51.34%로 증가하였고, 전체적으로 보면 초기 점수, 탈회 후 점수. 레이저 조사 후의 점수, 불소도포 후의 점수 및 그 백분율 사이에 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 3개 불소군 사이의 차이는 초기점수 및 불소도포 후 점수와 백분율에서 모두 유의하지 않았으며 각 불소군 내에서는 불소 용액군과 불소 바니쉬군에서 초기 점수, 탈회 후 점수, 레이저 조사 후의 점수, 불소도포 후의 점수 및 그 백분율사이에 모두 유의한 차이가 있었고, 불소 젤군에서는 레이저 조사 후와 불소도포 후의 점수 및 백분율 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2. 미세경도의 변화에서, 탈회 후의 경도는 초기 경도의 33.58%로 감소하였고, 레이저 조사 후의 경도는 초기 경도의 43.99%로 증가하였으며, 불소도포 후의 경도는 초기 경도의 51.38%로 증가하였고, 전체적으로 보면 초기 경도, 탈회 후 경도, 레이저 조사 후의 경도, 불소도포 후의 경도 및 그 백분율 사이에 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 불소군 별로 보면 3개 불소군 사이의 차이는 모두 유의하지 않았고, 백분율에서도 초기경도와 불소도포 후 경도에서 유의하지 않았으며, 각 불소군 내에서는 초기 경도, 탈회 후 경도, 레이저 조사 후의 경도, 불소도포 후의 경도 및 백분율 사이에 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다.