• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1108-1118
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• 2019

Non-local means (NLM) algorithm is an effective and successful denoising method, but it is computationally heavy. To deal with this obstacle, we propose a novel NLM algorithm with fuzzy metric (FM-NLM) for image denoising in this paper. A new feature metric of visual features with fuzzy metric is utilized to measure the similarity between image pixels in the presence of Gaussian noise. Similarity measures of luminance and structure information are calculated using a fuzzy metric. A smooth kernel is constructed with the proposed fuzzy metric instead of the Gaussian weighted L2 norm kernel. The fuzzy metric and smooth kernel computationally simplify the NLM algorithm and avoid the filter parameters. Meanwhile, the proposed FM-NLM using visual structure preferably preserves the original undistorted image structures. The performance of the improved method is visually and quantitatively comparable with or better than that of the current state-of-the-art NLM-based denoising algorithms.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.43.2-43.2
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• 2019

In many astrophysical systems, smooth large-scale variations coexist with small-scale fluctuations. For example, a large-scale velocity or density gradient can exist in molecular clouds that have small-scale fluctuations by turbulence. In redshifted 21cm observations, we also have two types of signals - the Galactic foreground emissions that change smoothly and the redshifted 21cm signals that fluctuate fast in frequency space. In many cases, the large-scale variations make it difficult to extract information on small-scale fluctuations. We propose a simple technique to remove smooth large-scale variations. Our technique relies on multi-point structure functions and can obtain the magnitudes of small-scale fluctuations. It can also be used to design filters that can remove large-scale variations and retrieve small-scale data. We discuss how to apply our technique to irregularly spaced data, such as rotation measure observations toward extragalactic radio point sources.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.443-449
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• 2020

Two new species, Thelopsis ullungdoensis and Phylloblastia gyeongsangbukensis are described from Ullung-Do (Island), South Korea. The closest relatives from Europe and Korea are epiphytic Thelopsis flaveola which differs by their immersed or semi-immersed yellow ascomata, ascospores without halo and their habitat of smooth bark (mainly Fagus) in humid and cold climates. Thelopsis gangwondoensis differs by its bigger semi-immersed ascomata (600-700 ㎛ in diam.), oblong halonate ascospores (8-12 × 6-8 ㎛) and its habitat of smooth bark of deciduous trees. P. gyeongsangbukensis differs from its relatives within the genus in having 5-septate ascospores (22-26 × 6-8 ㎛), semi-immersed, subglobose ascomata with a flattened top (250-400 ㎛) and a thin, matt, uneven gray-brown to gray-green continuous thallus without isidia.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.213-219
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• 2021

Plexiform fibromyxoma (PF) of the stomach is a very rare mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. We report the first case of PF with 2 different growth patterns pathologically confirmed after surgical resection. The tumor was characterized microscopically as infiltrative; it demonstrated diffuse growth into the smooth muscle bundles of the muscularis propria and was also multinodular and plexiform within the myxoid stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells were positive or weakly positive for smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and H-caldesmon and negative for desmin, CD117, CD34, CK-20, Pan-CK, Dog1, S100, ER, PR, and CD10. No mutations of C-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha were detected. No genetic disruption of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The final diagnosis of PF was mainly based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.75.1-75.1
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• 2003

Low-frequency electrical field stimulation of transmural nerves of cat esophageal circular smooth muscle produces an “off contraction”, which occurs after electirical field stimulation (EFS) of transmural nerves is stopped. We previously examined signal transduction pathways mediating ACh-induced contraction of circular smooth muscle of esophagus. The extracellular Ca$\^$2+/ is needed for the contraction, results in the activation PKC. EFS-induced contraction was abolished by the pretreatments of tetrodotoxin(1 ${\mu}$M) and atropine (1 ${\mu}$M). (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.77.3-78
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• 2003

We previously shown that sphingosylphosphorylcholine, a lysophosphatidic acid, produced contraction in isolated single cells of cat ilium. We investigated the mechanism of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced contraction of circular smooth muscle cells in cat esophagus. S1P produced esophageal contraction in a dose dependent manner. The maximal contraction (l0$\^$-7/ M) induced at 1min. Pertusis toxin (PTX) inhibited contraction induced by S1P, suggesting that the contraction is mediated to a PTX-sensitive G-protein. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.102.2-103
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• 2003

It has been previously reported that luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside displayed the potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which have also been successful in reducing vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) proliferation. In this study, a possible anti-proliferative effect and its mechanism on rat aortic VSMCs by luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside were investigated. Luteolin significantly inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of rat aortic VSMCs. While luteolin-7-glucoside weakly inhibited the proliferation. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.108.2-108.2
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• 2003

Kaempferol, a flavonol compound, has been reported as the anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic agent and it has been found to inhibit cell growth in vitro. Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important role in development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the anti-proliferative effect and its mechanism on rat aortic VSMCs treated by kaempferol. kaempferol significantly inhibited the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation of rat aortic VSMCs in concentration-dependent manner by cell count and ［$^3$H］-thymidine incorporation assay. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.182.2-182.2
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• 2003

The abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) play an important role in the pathology of coronary artery atherosclerosis and restenosis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is one of the most potent promoters of the proliferation and migration of the SMC. The heterocyclic quinones represent an important class of biologically active molecules. However, the inhibitory activity of quinone classes on the proliferation of the SMC has not been reported. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.207.3-208
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• 2003

Objectives:We have reported that oral administration of Saiko-ka-Ryukotsu-Borei-To (SRB), a traditional Chinese formulation, inhibited the intimal thickening in carotid artery after balloon injury in cholesterol-fed rats. To elucidate its mechanism, the effects of SRB on migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) were examined in vivo and in vitro.Methods: ＜ In vivo-study＞ Rats were fed on diet containing 1% cholesterol and SRB 3 days before and 4 days after denudation. Simvastatin was used as a positive control. (omitted)