• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

본 연구는 사용자 본인과 동일한 실사 캐릭터의 사용과 제3의 애니메이션 캐릭터의 사용이 흡연 시뮬레이션 게임에서 공간적 실재감, 사회적 실재감, 몰입, 감정이입, 불안, 인지된 위험과 같은 요인들에 어떠한 차이를 보이는가를 검증하기 위해 플레이테스트 실험 방법론을 수행하였다. 실험연구를 위해 '한림대학교 헬스커뮤니케이션연구소'에서 저자들이 개발한 흡연 시뮬레이션 게임인 'Smoking Sims'을 사용하여 남자 흡연자 60명을 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 연구의 결과 공간적 실재감, 사회적 실재감, 몰입, 감정이입과 함께 흡연에 대한 인지된 위험이 사용자 실사 캐릭터로 구성된 시뮬레이션에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 흡연예방과 같은 기능적 설득게임에서 사용자 본인과 동일한 캐릭터의 사용이 게임의 사용자경험은 물론 기능적 효과인 흡연위험에 대한 인식효과도 높은 것으로 나타나 기능성게임 디자인에서 캐릭터 동일시의 중요성을 제안하고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

Smoking and harmful drinking dramatically increase health risks but little is known about their cooccurrence and factors that influence this co-habit, limiting development and implementation of appropriately targeted prevention interventions. This study was conducted among youth aged 10-24 years old in the Chi Linh Demographic - Epidemiological Surveillance System (CHILILAB DESS). The total numbers in the first, second and third rounds in 2006, 2009 and 2013 were 12,406, 10,211, and 7,654, respectively. A random-effects logit model controlling for both time-variant and time-invariant variables was applied to explore factors associated with current smoking, harmful drinking, and occurrence of smoking and harmful drinking together. We found dramatically increasing trends in current smoking, harmful drinking and co-occurrence among youth. Our results indicate similar health problems among youth in peri-urban areas in Vietnam. Demographic characteristics (older age, being male, being unmarried, and having informal work) appeared to be predictors for smoking and drinking behaviour. Besides, peer and family members had significant influence on smoking, whereas having a close-friend who was smoking was the most important variable. The results suggested that smoking and harmful drinking should not be solved with separate, stand-alone interventions but rather with integrated efforts.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.489-500
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• 2019

본 연구는 16명의 고등학교 남학생을 대상으로 흡연 및 금연에 대한 경험을 심층적으로 이해하고자 시행되었다. 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 자료를 수집한 후, 질적 주제 분석 방법을 이용하여 자료를 분석한 결과 6가지 주제를 도출하였다. '호기심에서 시작한 어른 놀이'는 참여자들의 첫 흡연 과정을 나타낸다. '흡연 초기 담배에 대한 거부감'은 기대와는 다른 첫 흡연 경험 후 참여자들의 심리적 변화를 말하며, '다시 시작된 흡연'은 또래 그룹과 어울리고, 담배의 맛을 시험하기 위해 재흡연을 하는 과정을 설명한다. '금연을 어렵게 하는 근묵자흑의 환경'은 담배에 쉽게 노출되는 청소년의 모습을 나타낸다. '금연과 흡연 사이의 갈등'은 참여자들의 반복되는 금연 시도 이유와 재흡연의 과정을 설명한다. 마지막으로 '비흡연 청소년의 흡연하지 않는 이유'는 흡연 청소년과 비슷한 환경 속에서도 흡연을 하지 않는 특별한 이유를 설명하고 있다. 고등학교 남학생의 흡연 및 금연 경험은 여학생이나 어른들과는 다른 독특한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 고등학교 남학생의 흡연 예방 및 금연 교육을 기획하고 실행하여야 하며, 이는 궁극적으로 우리나라 남학생 청소년의 건강을 증진시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.100-109
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors that predict a current smoking behavior and higher emotional stress among male patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: The study was approved by an institutional review board from a university hospital, 2010. A face to face interview using questionnaires was performed with 185 first-time ACS male patients who were undertaken a percutaneous coronary intervention at a cardiovascular care unit. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 15.0. Results: About 54% of the study subjects were currently smoking. The current smokers had dyslipidemia and reported bad eating habits compared to the non-smokers. The current smokers were younger, living alone, and reported lower perceived benefit on smoking cessation than the non-smokers, and 15% of them did not consider quitting (precontemplation stage). Smoking status was not significantly related to emotional stress. Logistic regression analysis revealed that being employed including professional or labor increased the odds of current smoking four or three times compared to the non-employed or retired. Low income or dyslipidemia also increased the likelihood of current smoking 2.8 and 2.1 times, respectively. Blue collar workers or heavy drinkers had 2.9 and 2.8 times more risks of having higher level of stress. Conclusion: An occupational background and health habits should be considered to develop an effective educational strategy for smoking cessation and stress reduction among male patients with ACS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.528-541
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to identify and measure the economic costs and benefits due to smoking in Korea. Cigarette smoking is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In addition to the health risks of smoking, there are important economic consequences. A complete assessment of the economics of smoking requires evaluation of various health, economic, and intangible parameters, including benefits as well as costs of both the production and consumption of tobacco. In this article we focus on costs resulting from the health effects of smoking (expenditures for medical care and the value of productive output lost to morbidity, and premature mortality among smokers), since economic benefits from tobacco industry is offset by expenditures for purchasing tobacco. Two distinct methodologies will be applied to measure the economic costs of smoking cigarette, the human capital and willingness-to-pay approaches. This article used the former method. In 1985, total economic losses due to smoking was estimated as 505.7 billion won, which was composed of morbidity losses 64.9 billion won mortality losses 429.1 billion won and indirect costs 11.7 billion won.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.663-675
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• 1995

It has been proposed that differences in diet between smokers and nonsmokers may partially explain the positive association between cigarette smoking and chronic diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. To investigate the potential for this confounding, the authors studied the relation between cigarette smoking and dietary pattern including nutrient intake in 152 Korean elderly people aged 59∼84years. Dietary intake was determined by a 24-hour recall method and a food frequency questionnaire. Male smokers were lighter than nonsmokers and had a lower body mass index(BMI)(p<0.05). But there were no differences in body weight and BMI between female smokers and nonsmokers. Female smokers had lower intakes of energy and carbohydrates than nonsmokers(p<0.05), but in male, smokers and nonsmokers did not show the difference in energy intake. The mean intake of fiber, protein, fat, minerals, and vitamins did not vary significantly by smoking status. However, both male and female smokers consumed fewer fruits than nonsmokers and ate fresh fruits less often than nonsmokers. The total food frequency score which reflect dietary quality of smokers was lower than those of nonsmokers(p<0.05). Male exsmokers' diet were similar to those of smokers, but in female, dietary patterns of exsmokers were similar to those of nonsmokers. These results confirm that elderly smokers have partially different nutrient and food intake patterns from nonsmokers. The decreased ingestion of fruits and less balanced diet by cigarette smokers could contribute to their increased risks of chronic disease compared with those by nonsmokers. The increased ingestion of nutrients and improved nutritional balance in the diet of exsmokers may help to reduce their risks as well.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.592-605
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• 2007

Undernutrition could be a significant deterrent to healthy aging and could negatively affect health outcomes in elderly. This study aimed to assess health-related factors which are associated with nutritional risks in middle-aged and elderly individuals by a cross-sectional study. Interviews were conducted with 2660 subjects (847 males, 1813 females), aged 50 years and over, in 15 cities in Korea. Data on food intake were obtained through a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Nutritional status were analyzed according to health-related factors including cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, exercise, stress and depression level. Less regular exercise was associated with a higher likelihood of a poor nutrition [odds ratio (OR) 1.94; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.43-2.65] of middle-aged and elderly male subjects. Cigarette smoking (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.24-2.71), less exercise (OR 2.58; 95% CI 2.07-3.21), stress (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.22), and depression (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.08-1.67) of middle-aged and elderly female subjects was associated with a higher likelihood of a poor nutrition. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that less exercise proved to be the strongest predictors for the poor nutrition, followed by stress, smoking, and depression (model $R^2= 9.0%$). It suggests that guidance to promote regular exercise, to quit smoking, to minimize stress and depression level might help to improve nutritional status of middle-aged and elderly in Korea. These findings also suggest that having recommendable health behaviors are beneficial to the good nutrition of subjects aged 50 years and over.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2012

청소년기의 흡연은 음주, 약물남용 등의 다른 건강위험행태로의 관문역할을 할 뿐 아니라 성인기의 생활습관으로 이어져 일평생의 건강을 위협 할 잠재적 요소를 내포하고 있다. 본 연구는 우리나라 중 고등학고 남녀학생을 대상으로 흡연 경험과 인터넷 중독과의 관계를 알아보고자 한다. 2009년 우리나라 중학생 38,409명, 고등학생 36,657명 총 75,066명을 대상으로 조사되었다. 흡연경험 여부와 인터넷 중독 여부는 빈도분석과 카이제곱 검정을 하였고 흡연경험과 인터넷 중독과의 관계는 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 통계적 유의성은 0.05 미만으로 하였다. 대상자의 흡연경험은 남학생이 34.2%, 여학생은 19.7%로 나타났고 인터넷 중독은 남학생이 17.6%, 여학생이 11.4%로 조사되었으며, 흡연경험 있는 남학생이 흡연경험 없는 학생의 1.06배 여학생은 흡연경험 있는 학생이 없는 학생보다 1.62배 유의하게 높았다. 본 연구 결과는 부정적인 건강생활습관인 흡연경험이 인터넷 중독 경향에 유의하게 관련되어 있으며, 흡연경험이 비흡연경험에 비해 높은 스트레스를 갖고 있고, 이러한 스트레스가 인터넷 중독으로 발전해 가는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 청소년기의 흡연행위와 컴퓨터 중독은 청소년기의 위험행동으로 서로 영향을 미치고 있으므로 각각의 행위에 대한 개별적인 예방과 치료를 하기보다는 흡연과 스트레스, 인터넷 중독을 복합적인 건강위험행위로 보아 대책을 종합적으로 강구해야 할 것이라 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4733-4738
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• 2012

Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases. The objectives of the study were to determine the percentage of annual income used to purchase tobacco-related products and treat tobacco-related illnesses, and assess the characteristics of smokers and their awareness of the health-related risks of smoking. Method: Stratified and snowball sampling methods were used to obtain information (via a 17-item, close-ended questionnaire) from 85 adult respondents (49 males and 36 females). The instrument comprised of demographic characteristics, smoking behavioural/lifestyle, health, and micro socio-economics. Results: There were no significant differences between individuals who were affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) (14.1%) and cardiovascular disease (18.8%). It was found that respondents spend 30-39% of their annual income on tobacco-related products. Forty percent (40.0%) and 41.7% of respondents with lung cancer and COPD respectively spend more than 50% of their annual income to treat these diseases. The majority (80%) of those who continues to consume tobacco-related products were uncertain as to why they were doing it. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents who had tobacco-related illnesses such as lung cancer and COPD spend a significant amount of their income on their health care. Not all the smokers were aware of the dangers of tobacco consumption despite their level of education. This suggests the need for increase public awareness where both smokers and non smokers are being fully or adequately informed about the dangers or health risks of tobacco consumption.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.137-145
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the college students' perception of cancer risks, cancer related health behavior, and perception of cancer occurrence possibility before and after age 40. Methods: The subjects were 771 college students who were conveniently selected from two colleges in the Gyeonggi Province. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The mean score of cancer risk perception was 3.8. The highest score item was 'smoking may cause cancer'. The mean score of cancer related health behavior was 3.0. The highest score item was 'take bath or shower'. Student felt that possibility of developing cancer before age 40 was 20.1% and that after age 40 was 36.2%. The perception of cancer risks was significantly different between male and female, and the health behavior was significantly different between age groups. There were weak relationships between the perception of cancer risks and cancer related health behavior. Conclusion: College students' perception of cancer risks was mostly good, but their behavior to reduce the risks did not match the degree of perception. Students recognized that after age 40 has a higher risk of developing cancer, therefore, intervention on behavioral modification to reduce cancer risks would be beneficial.