Journal of Korea Game Society (한국게임학회 논문지)

Korea Game Society (한국게임학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Character Identification on User Experience and Perceived Risk in Smoking Simulation Game

흡연 시뮬레이션 게임에서 사용자와 동일한 캐릭터의 사용이 실재감, 몰입, 위험인식에 미치는 효과

  • 김시성 (한림대학교 대학원 인터랙션디자인) ;
  • 이종욱 (한림대학교 대학원 인터랙션디자인) ;
  • 노기영 (한림대학교 대학원 인터랙션디자인)
  • Received : 2015.05.10
  • Accepted : 2015.06.01
  • Published : 2015.06.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study attempted to identify differences in user experience such as spatial presence, social presence, flow, empathy, anxiety, and perceived risk between simulating characters of animation and of actual userimage. The playtesting method was conducted on 60 male smokers using 'Smoking Sims', a simulation game produced by The Center for Health Communication Studies. The results found that the simulation of actual image character is higher in the level of perceived risks for smoking, spatial presence, social presence, flow, and empathy than the simulation of animation character. The study shows that identification with a game character affects user experience and enhances the effectiveness of perceived risks as well. It emphasizes the importance of game design to implement identification in serious game like a smoking cessation simulation.

본 연구는 사용자 본인과 동일한 실사 캐릭터의 사용과 제3의 애니메이션 캐릭터의 사용이 흡연 시뮬레이션 게임에서 공간적 실재감, 사회적 실재감, 몰입, 감정이입, 불안, 인지된 위험과 같은 요인들에 어떠한 차이를 보이는가를 검증하기 위해 플레이테스트 실험 방법론을 수행하였다. 실험연구를 위해 '한림대학교 헬스커뮤니케이션연구소'에서 저자들이 개발한 흡연 시뮬레이션 게임인 'Smoking Sims'을 사용하여 남자 흡연자 60명을 대상으로 실험을 진행하였다. 연구의 결과 공간적 실재감, 사회적 실재감, 몰입, 감정이입과 함께 흡연에 대한 인지된 위험이 사용자 실사 캐릭터로 구성된 시뮬레이션에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구는 흡연예방과 같은 기능적 설득게임에서 사용자 본인과 동일한 캐릭터의 사용이 게임의 사용자경험은 물론 기능적 효과인 흡연위험에 대한 인식효과도 높은 것으로 나타나 기능성게임 디자인에서 캐릭터 동일시의 중요성을 제안하고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ministry of Health & Welfare, "Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", 2013.
  2. Keun-Hwang Ik, "Review : Psychiatric Review of Cigarette Smoking", Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp.271-273, 1987.
  3. Yee, N. and Bailenson. J, "The Proteus effect: The effect of transformed self-representation on behavior. Human Communication Research", Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 271-290, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00299.x
  4. International Journal of Early Childhood Education, Early Childhood Education Dictionary, Seoul:Korea Dictionary Research Publishing, 1996.
  5. Yi-Gyung Kim, and Sung-kyu Lee, and Hyang-Ki Lee, and Sun-ha Ji, "Association between Exposures of Smoking Scenes in Movies and Smoking Behavior among Korean Adolescents", Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 497-517, 2013. https://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2013.33.4.497
  6. Dal Cin, S. and Gibson, B. and Zanna, M. P. and Shumate, R. and Fong. G, "Smoking in movies, implicit associations of smoking with the self, and intentions to smoke:, Psychological Science, Vol. 18, No. 7, pp.559-563, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01939.x
  7. Ho-Kyung Kim, "Study of the self-conception about the Avatar in computer-mediated communication : focused on Sayclub of the Avatar chatting site", Graduate School Yonsei University, 2001.
  8. Ju-Seon Kang, Yun-Jeong Ko, Il-Sang Ko, "The Impacts of Social Support of Guild Members and Psychological Factors on Flow and Loyalty in MMORPG", Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.69-98, 2009.
  9. Hogg, M. A. and Abrams. D, "Social identifications", London: Routledge, 1988.
  10. Jeong-Hwan Lee, "The Effectiveness of Avatars on Virtual Education: Focusing on its Physical and Emotional Attributes", Graduate School Yonsei University, 2011.
  11. Biocca, F. and Delaney. B, "Immersive virtual reality technology", Communication in the age of virtual reality, pp. 57-124, 1995.
  12. Biocca. F, "The Cyborg's Dilemma: Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments", Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1997.
  13. Dae-Sik Kang, Jeong-Kyoum Kim, Hoe-In Chong, "The Structural Relationship among affective characteristics, Learning presence, Learning flow, Learning satisfaction in Distance Education", Korean Association for Educational Information and Broadcasting, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 133-152, 2011.
  14. Young-Dal You, "The theoretical implications of the flow model for the development of the addiction counselling program", The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 1-3, 2002.
  15. Hoffman, D. L, and Novak. T. P, "Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: conceptual foundations", The Journal of Marketing, pp. 50-68, 1996.
  16. Langfeld, H. E, "The Aesthetic attitude, Port Washington", N.Y, Kennikat, 1967.
  17. Hye-Ri Kim, "How teaching in emphatic storytelling strategy effect on environment behaviour: Climate Change", Graduate School Seoul National University, 2012.
  18. Hee-Kyung Kim, "Difference of empathy depending on visual familiarity of experience object", Graduate School Seoul National University, 2007.
  19. Kyung-Soon Lim, Keum-Hyun So, Kew-Cheol Shim, Sung-Hee Yeau, "The Development and Application of Animation-Based Environmental Education Program using Empathic Learning Strategy for Elementary School Students", Environmental Education, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 99-111, 2011.
  20. Spielberger, C. D. and Jacobs, G. and Russell, S, and Crane, R. S, "Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale", Advances in personality assessment, Vol. 2, pp. 159-187, 1983.
  21. Lombard, M. and Ditton, T. B. and Weinstein, L, "Measuring presence: the temple presence inventory", In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Workshop on Presence. pp. 1-15, 2009.
  22. Jackson, S. A. and Marsh, H. W, "Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale", Journal of sport and exercise psychology, pp. 17-35, 1996.
  23. Van Looy, J. and Courtois, C. and De Vocht, M. and De Marez, L, "Player identification in online games: Validation of a scale for measuring identification in MMOGs", Media Psychology, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 197-221, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2012.674917
  24. Doug-Woong Hahn, Chang-Ho Lee, Kyum-Koo Chon, "Korean Adaptation of Spielberger's STAI (K-STAI)", Korean journal of health psychology, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1996.
  25. Halpern-Felsher, B. L. and Biehl, M. and Kropp, R. Y. and Rubinstein, M. L, "Perceived risks and benefits of smoking: differences among adolescents with different smoking experiences and intentions", Preventive medicine, Vol. 39, No. 3, 559-567, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.02.017
  26. DeMond, A. L. and Mossman, K. D. and Starr, T. and Dustin, M. L. and Groves, J. T, "T cell receptor microcluster transport through molecular mazes reveals mechanism of translocation", Biophysical Journal, Vol. 94, No. 8, 3286-3292, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.107.119099
  27. Steuer, J. "Defining virtual reality: Dimensions determining telepresence", Journal of Communication, Vol. 42, No. 4, 73-93, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1992.tb00812.x
  28. Bente, G. and Ruggenberg, N. C. and Kramer, N. C. and Escheenburg, F. "Avatar-Mediated Networking: Increasing social presence and interpersonal trust in Net-Based Collaboration", Human Communication Research, Vol. 34, No. 2, 287-318, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2008.00322.x