• 지역연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.119-130
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• 1992

Many of the industrialized countries since the 1970s have been experiencing the change in the industrial structure due to technological development, that is, from Fordism to post-Fordism, or to "flexible production system". Regional development has been undergoing some changes according to the different industrial production systems. During the Fordist mass production period, the manufacturing belt was the core region of the production system. As the system shifts to flexible production system of which characteristics are veritcal disintegration, emphasis for JIT(just-in-time) delivery system, part-time and short-time labor contracts, design-intensive industries, etc, the new system requires the new production core and has produced the new industrial spaces, such as Sunbelt cities, suburbs, small-or medium-sized cities, and non-metropolitan areas. In the perspective of global system, the Fordist production system made th NICs developed, because the mass production required many unskilled and low-wage workers. As the NICs exports of manufactured goods have incredibly expanded during the 1970s, the industrialized countries have become threatened. The industriablized countries have restructured their economies and international policies. Such restructures resulted in the economic depression of the NICs. The investment pattern of the industrialized countries has changed and particularly those industries adopting the Post-Fordism have invested from the NICs to the peripheral areas of their own countries or toward the underdeveloped countries which have much lower wage workers. The investment pattern of the NICs is also undergoing some changes like from metropolitian areas to small or non-metropolitan regions. The regional development since the post-Fordist production is still going on, thus it is not possible to generalize the tendency. That could be a particular phenomenon or a stage in the long-term cycle. But the regional development in the world system since 1980s definitely shows the different pattern.t pattern.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.869-883
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the effects of in-feed supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on growth performance, gut integrity, and microbiota modulations in red-feathered native chickens (RFCs). Methods: A total of 18,000 RFCs in a commercial farm were evenly assigned into two dietary treatments (control diet; 0.05% BA and 0.05% SC) by randomization and raised for 11 weeks in two separate houses. Fifty RFCs in each group were randomly selected and raised in the original house with the partition for performance evaluations at the age of 9 and 11 weeks. Six non-partitioned RFCs per group were randomly selected for analyses of intestinal architecture and 16S rRNA metagenomics. Results: Feeding BA and SC increased the body weight and body weight gain, significantly at the age of 11 weeks (p<0.05). The villus height/crypt ratio in the small intestines and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were also notably increased (p<0.05). The supplementation did not disturb the microbial community structure but promote the featured microbial shifts characterized by the significant increments of Bernesiella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, and Butyrucimonas, following remarkable decrements of Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Succinatimonas in RFCs with growth benefits. Besides, functional pathways of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, nucleotide excision repair, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) biosynthesis were significantly promoted (p<0.05). Conclusion: In-feed supplementation of BA and SC enhanced the growth performance, improved mucosal architectures in small intestines, and modulated the cecal microbiota and metabolic pathways in RFCs.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 인구감소가 계속되고 있는 강릉시의 강릉선 KTX 개통 전후의 지료 변화와 관광 빅데이터를 분석하여 지역경제 활성화 방안을 제안하는 것에 있다. 이를 위해 강릉시의 주요 현황과 강릉시 내부 운행기록 데이터(DTG)를 분석하였다. 이후, KTX 강릉선 개통 전후 대중교통 이용객의 이동행태 변화를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 관광객 이용 교통수단 변화, 인구 변화, 자영업종 변화, 강릉시 내 관광객 통행 행태의 변화를 파악할 수 있었다. 특히, 자영업종 변화에서는 KTX 강릉선 개통 이후 일반음식점, 휴게음식점(카페 등), 숙박업소가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 세 업종 모두 강릉역 인근에 집중하여 증가하고 있으며, 이는 KTX 강릉선 개통 이후 강릉시 중심부에 개통한 강릉역의 영향이라 판단할 수 있다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

MT 탐사자료의 역산에 있어서 지하의 전기비저항과 함께 정적효과를 파라미터로 설정하여 동시 역산을 수행하는 알고리듬을 하나의 지하구조 모델에 각기 다른 양의 정적효과를 포함시킨 4개의 자료에 대하여 적용시키고 이를 정적효과가 전혀 고려되지 않은 경우와 비교하여, 3차원 역산에서 정적효과가 미치는 영향 및 그 특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 일반적으로 현장자료에 정적효과가 어느 정도 포함되어 있는지에 대한 사전 정보가 전혀 없으므로 역산과정에서 이를 조절하는 trade-off 파라미터의 적절한 선택이 매우 중요하며, 본 연구에서는 모델의 smoothness와 static shift의 양을 조절하는 각각의 파라미터의 크기를 매 반복마다 구하는 알고리듬을 동시역산에 적용하였으며 4개의 이론자료에 적용한 결과 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 정적효과가 포함된 자료에 대하여 정적효과를 고려하지 않은 역산(기존의 MT 역산)에서는 지표 block의 전기비저항을 바꿔 역산 스스로가 정적효과를 유발하려는 경향을 보였으며 이의 결과로 저주파수에서는 상당한 정적효과를 발생시켜 정적효과가 그리 크지 않은 경우 심부구조를 어느 정도 규명해 내는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 고주파수에서는 이들 지표 block의 영향이 주파수에 무관하지 않게 되어 정적효과를 포함하는 자료의 겉보기 전기비저항과 위상을 동시에 만족시키지 못하게 된다. 그러나 정적효과를 파라미터로 하는 동시역산의 경우, 매우 심한 정적효과를 포함하는 자료에 대해서도 지하구조를 매우 정확히 영상화 하는 것이 가능하였다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.41.1-41.11
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• 2023

Background: Shift work has been reported to have several harmful effects on the human body. However, a small number of studies have evaluated the association between shift work and adverse effects on the thyroid. In our longitudinal study, we examined the causal association between shift work and the risk of hypothyroidism. Methods: A Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study was conducted on 112,648 men without thyroid disease at baseline who were followed up at least once between 2012 and 2019. Shift work status and shift schedule types were categorized using standardized questionnaires. Hypothyroidism was defined using the reference ranges of serum thyroid-stimulating hormones and free thyroxine levels. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident hypothyroidism were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analyses with the daytime work group as the reference. Results: During the 501,237 person-years of follow-up, there were 6,306 incident cases of hypothyroidism (incidence density, 1.26 per 100 person-years). The multivariable-adjusted HR of incident hypothyroidism for the shift work total group that included all shifts compared with the daytime work group was 1.27 (95% CI: 1.15-1.40). For the fixed evening, fixed night, rotating shift, and other shift workers, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 1.11 (0.76-1.61), 2.18 (1.20-3.93), 1.39 (1.23-1.56), and 1.00 (0.82-1.22), respectively. In subgroup analyses by age, the association between shift work and hypothyroidism was more pronounced in younger participants (< 40 years; HR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.16-1.47). Conclusions: Our large-scale cohort study showed an association between shift work and the incidence of hypothyroidism, especially in younger workers with night shifts.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2021

본 연구는 역대 정부 창업정책을 Hall(1993)의 정책 패러다임(Policy Paradigm) 관점에서 분석하였다. 총 195건의 신문기사와 202건의 정부 문서를 살펴보고, 각 정부 별 정책목표, 정책수단, 그리고 정책수단의 수준변화 분석을 통해 정책 패러다임 변동을 확인하였다. 첫 번째 패러다임 구축 시기는 제5·6공화국으로 1986년 「중소기업창업 지원법」 제정과 함께 제조업 중심의 창업 촉진 및 성장·발전 지원이라는 목표 설정으로 창업정책 패러다임이 처음 구축된 시기이다. 다음은 국민의 정부시기로 IMF 외환위기 대응을 위한 「벤처기업육성에 관한 특별조치법」제정으로 벤처기업 창업 촉진과 육성이라는 새로운 정책 목표를 설정하고, 이를 달성하기 위한 수단을 강구하였다. 마지막 패러다임 변화는 4차 산업혁명과 코로나19에 적절히 대응하기 위해 문재인 정부시기에 이루어졌다. 「중소기업창업 지원법」전부개정을 통해 창업 개념 확장, 신산업·기술창업 지원 및 집중 육성을 도모하였으며, 벤처투자관련 법을 일원화하고 정비하였다. 또한 중소기업청을 중소벤처기업부로 승격시켜, 창업정책을 주도적으로 실행할 수 있도록 하였다. 특히, 본 연구는 최근 창업정책 이슈인 창업기업의 낮은 생존율과 민간투자 활성화에 대하여 살펴보고, 새로운 창업정책 패러다임 변동의 필요성을 제시하였다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.531-539
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to investigate new graduate nurses' perceptions of nursing professionalism, job involvement and turnover intention and to identify factors influencing turnover intention in new graduate nurses. Methods: Participants were 179 new graduate nurses working in general hospitals and small and medium-sized hospitals in Gyungnam province. Data were collected from August 10 to September 16, 2015 through a survey with self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Mean scores were; for nursing professionalism, $3.62{\pm}0.73$, for job commitment, $3.22{\pm}0.89$. and for turnover intention, $3.25{\pm}0.95$. There were significant correlations between nursing professionalism and job involvement (r=.47, p<.001), nursing professionalism and turnover intention (r=-.36, p<.001), job involvement and turnover intention (r=-.46, p<.001). For turnover intention of new graduates 25.1% of the variance was explained by nursing professionalism (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.034), job involvement (${\beta}=-.36$, p<.001), and frequency of night shifts (${\beta}=.03$, p=.022). Conclusions: Findings indicate that nursing professionalism and job involvement of new graduate nurses had significant influence on their turnover intention. Therefore, to reduce turnover intention of new graduate nurses, it is necessary to enhance their nursing professionalism and job involvement with organizational supports.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.182-185
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• 2005

Satellite cameras are calibrated before launch in detail and in general, but it cannot be guaranteed that the geometry is not changing during launch and caused by thermal influence of the sun in the orbit. Modem satellite imaging systems are based on CCD-line sensors. Because of the required high sampling rate the length of used CCD-lines is limited. For reaching a sufficient swath width, some CCD-lines are combined to a longer virtual CCD-line. The images generated by the individual CCD-lines do overlap slightly and so they can be shifted in x- and y-direction in relation to a chosen reference image just based on tie points. For the alignment and difference in scale, control points are required. The resulting virtual image has only negligible errors in areas with very large difference in height caused by the difference in the location of the projection centers. Color images can be related to the joint panchromatic scenes just based on tie points. Pan-sharpened images may show only small color shifts in very mountainous areas and for moving objects. The direct sensor orientation has to be calibrated based on control points. Discrepancies in horizontal shift can only be separated from attitude discrepancies with a good three-dimensional control point distribution. For such a calibration a program based on geometric reconstruction of the sensor orientation is required. The approximations by 3D-affine transformation or direct linear transformation (DL n cannot be used. These methods do have also disadvantages for standard sensor orientation. The image orientation by geometric reconstruction can be improved by self calibration with additional parameters for the analysis and compensation of remaining systematic effects for example caused by a not linear CCD-line. The determined sensor geometry can be used for the generation? of rational polynomial coefficients, describing the sensor geometry by relations of polynomials of the ground coordinates X, Y and Z.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2012

In this study, $[Li_{0.04}(Na_{0.5}K_{0.5})_{0.96}](Nb_{0.86}Ta_{0.10}Sb_{0.04})O_3+xSrO$ (x=0, 0.0025, 0.005, 0.0075) ceramics were synthesized by the conventional mixed oxide method. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrated that ceramics possessed single perovskite structure. The SEM images indicate that microstructure can be obviously affected by a small amount of added SrO. The phase transition temperature tetragonal-cubic($T_c$) and orthorhombic-tetragonal($T_{o-t}$) shifts downward and upward with the increase of Sr addition, respectively. The excellent piezoelectric properties of $d_{33}=170[pC/N]$, $k_p=0.37$, $Q_m=64.12$, $T_{o-t}=153^{\circ}C$ and $T_c=370^{\circ}C$ were obtained from the 0.25 mol% Sr added ceramics sintered at $1,120^{\circ}C$ for 1 h.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

2005년부터 실시된 음식물류 폐기물의 직매립 금지로 도시생활폐기물의 조성은 최근 급변하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 동일한 중소도시에서 2004, 2005, 2007년에 년1회씩 도시생활폐기물을 수거하여 폐기물의 물리화학적 조성을 조사하고, 이로부터 음식물류 폐기물의 직매립 금지정책이 도시생활폐기물의 성상변화에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 음식물류 폐기물의 직매립 금지로 생활폐기물 중의 음식물류의 함량은 급격히 감소하여 5.5 % 수준으로 낮아졌으며, 종이류가 50.6 %, 비닐/플라스틱이 22.6 %로 증가하였다. 겉보기 밀도는 약 50 % 감소하여 효과적인 폐기물 수거 및 처분을 위해서는 부피저감과 소각의 필요성이 제기되었다. 전체 폐기물 중의 수분함량은 15.9 %로 2004년도에 비하여 30.5 % 감소하였으며, 폐기물의 저위발열량은 직매립 금지 후 약 2배 가까이 증가하여 3565.6kcal/kg의 값을 나타내었다. 음식물류 폐기물의 직매립 금지 조치로 매립지 침출수 원수 수질이 개선되는 등 긍정적인 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.