벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제16권3호
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  • Pages.43-58
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  • 2021
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  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
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  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

정책 패러다임 관점에서 살펴본 창업정책 변화

Entrepreneurship Policy Changes from the Perspective of Policy Paradigm

  • 투고 : 2021.04.29
  • 심사 : 2021.06.23
  • 발행 : 2021.06.30
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초록

본 연구는 역대 정부 창업정책을 Hall(1993)의 정책 패러다임(Policy Paradigm) 관점에서 분석하였다. 총 195건의 신문기사와 202건의 정부 문서를 살펴보고, 각 정부 별 정책목표, 정책수단, 그리고 정책수단의 수준변화 분석을 통해 정책 패러다임 변동을 확인하였다. 첫 번째 패러다임 구축 시기는 제5·6공화국으로 1986년 「중소기업창업 지원법」 제정과 함께 제조업 중심의 창업 촉진 및 성장·발전 지원이라는 목표 설정으로 창업정책 패러다임이 처음 구축된 시기이다. 다음은 국민의 정부시기로 IMF 외환위기 대응을 위한 「벤처기업육성에 관한 특별조치법」제정으로 벤처기업 창업 촉진과 육성이라는 새로운 정책 목표를 설정하고, 이를 달성하기 위한 수단을 강구하였다. 마지막 패러다임 변화는 4차 산업혁명과 코로나19에 적절히 대응하기 위해 문재인 정부시기에 이루어졌다. 「중소기업창업 지원법」전부개정을 통해 창업 개념 확장, 신산업·기술창업 지원 및 집중 육성을 도모하였으며, 벤처투자관련 법을 일원화하고 정비하였다. 또한 중소기업청을 중소벤처기업부로 승격시켜, 창업정책을 주도적으로 실행할 수 있도록 하였다. 특히, 본 연구는 최근 창업정책 이슈인 창업기업의 낮은 생존율과 민간투자 활성화에 대하여 살펴보고, 새로운 창업정책 패러다임 변동의 필요성을 제시하였다.

This study analyzes the entrepreneurship policies of the previous Korean administrations from the perspective of the Policy Paradigm by Hall(1993). A total of 195 newspaper articles and 202 government documents were examined to identify policy paradigm shifts through an analysis of policy objectives, policy instruments, and changing quality of policy instruments by each administration. The first paradigm was built during the 5th and 6th Republic, where 'Support for Small and Medium Enterprise Establishment Act' was enacted in 1986 to promote and support start-ups in the manufacturing sector. Next is the so-called 'people's government' period where 'Act on Special Measures for the Promotion of Venture Businesses' was enacted to tackle the challenges posed during the 1997 Asian financial crisis. A new policy goal was set to promote and nurture venture companies seeking subsequent means to achieve it. The third paradigm shift took place during President Moon's administration in order to effectively respond to the issues stemming from the fourth industrial revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the overall revision of the 'Support for Small and Medium Enterprise Establishment Act', the scope of startups were expanded, new industries and technology startups were supported and promoted, and venture investment-related laws were streamlined. In addition, the Small and Medium Business Administration was promoted as the Ministry of SMEs and Startups, enabling them to take initiative in implementing startup policies. Particularly, this study focuses on examining the low survival rate of startup companies and the revitalization of private investment as rising policy issues for recent startups, and suggests the improvement direction due to startup policy paradigm shift.

키워드

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