• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1997

높은 수분으로 인해 매립 또는 소각에 의한 처분이 부적절한 음식물 쓰레기를 퇴비화하여 자원 재순환형으로 사용할 경우, 자원, 환경, 농업문제에 이르기까지 다각적으로 많은 이점을 가져다 준다. 본 연구의 목적은 소규모 퇴비화 장치를 이용하여 초기 함수율을 달리하였을 때 음식물 쓰레기의 퇴비화 과정을 평가하고 미생물 첨가제를 개발하여 활성도를 평가함으로써 소규모 퇴비화 장치의 최적 운전 조건을 도출하는 것이다. 음식물 쓰레기의 무게 감량은 75~85%로써 대부분 수분의 증발에 기인하는 것으로 나타났으며, 초기 함수율을 25%, 45%, 60%로 달리하였을 때 건조상의 C/N비는 15.4, 14, 12.9로 퇴비 판정 기준에 부합하였다. 기존에 사용되던 상업용 균주에 대체할 수 있는 균주를 개발하여 활성도를 평가한 경우, 개발 균주인 PNU2가 $CO_2$농도 기준으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 화학적 분석에 의한 최종 완숙 단계를 결정하기에는 다소 미흡하였다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.266-272
• /
• 2009

Morphological characteristics of leaves, trichomes and acorns were investigated in 6-year-old artificial hybrids of Q. aliena ${\times}$ Q. mongolica var. crispula and Q. serrata ${\times}$ Q. mongolica var. crispula. Leaf shapes of Q. aliena ${\times}$ Q. mongolica var. crispula $F_{1}$ were obovate and resembled to that of Q. aliena. But several characters including the size of leaf and petiole and the shape of leaf base resembled to those of Q. mongolica var. crispula. In F1 hybrids, small stellate hairs distributed sparsely on the abaxial surface and their lay length was intermediate between both parents. There were no big differences on characters of nuts and cupules between both parents and $F_{1}$ hybrids. Leaf shapes of Q. serrata ${\times}$ Q. mongolica var. crispula $F_{1}$ were obovate-elliptic, and the leaf shape and leaf base and the length of petiole resembled to those of Q. mongolica var. crispula, but leaf size and serration resembled to those of Q. serrata. The number of serration in a leaf was intermediate between both parents. Small stellate hairs distributed sparsely and large single hairs were mixed on the reverse side of leaves. there were no big differences on the number and size of stellate hairs between $F_{1}$ hybrid and Q. serrata. It is able to distinguish $F_{1}$ hybrids from both parents by the size leaf size and shapes, leaf base and serration, petiole length and trichome type in the leaf.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.485-493
• /
• 2015

This study evaluated the in situ ruminal degradability, and subsequent small intestinal digestibility (SID) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) by using the modified three-step in vitro procedure. The ruminal degradability and subsequent SID of AA in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP-AA) varied among three protein supplements. The result show that the effective degradability of DM for SFSM, CSM, and DDGS was 60.8%, 56.4%, and 41.0% and their ruminal fermentable organic matter was 60.0%, 55.9%, and 39.9%, respectively. The ruminal degradable protein (RDP) content in CP for SFSM, CSM, and DDGS was 68.3%, 39.0%, and 32.9%, respectively, at the ruminal solid passage rate of 1.84%/h. The SFSM is a good source of RDP for rumen micro-organisms; however, the SID of RUP of SFSM was lower. The DDGS and CSM are good sources of RUP for lambs to digest in the small intestine to complement ruminal microbial AA of growing lambs. Individual RUP-AA from each protein source was selectively removed by the rumen microorganisms, especially for Trp, Arg, His, and Lys (p<0.01). The SID of individual RUP-AA was different within specific RUP origin (p<0.01). Limiting amino acid was Leu for RUP of CSM and Lys for both RUP of SFSM and DDGS, respectively. Therefore, different protein supplements with specific limitations should be selected and combined carefully in growing lambs ration to optimize AA balance.

• 식물분류학회지
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2022

The study aims are to examine the characteristics of artificial and natural hybrids between Viola albida var. albida (= albida, from below) and V. albida var. chaerophylloides (= chaerophylloides, from below), and to confirm if hybrids could be fertile and make populations in their native habitats. The 1st filial (= F₁, from below) leaf shape produced by artificial crossing between albida and chaerophylloides was the same as that of V. albida var. takahashii (= takahashii, from below), and F₁ bore also both chasmogamous and cleistogamous flowers. F₁ seed number was 9.6 per cleistogamous pods, which was remarkably less than the average of 38.2 for albida and chaerophylloides, but the germination rate was all similar. The leaf type of self-crossed 2nd offsprings (= F₂, from below) showed all leaf types found in the Viola albida complex, but the ratio of chaerophylloides leaf type was relatively low. Individuals whose F₂ leaf type was restored to albida produced an average of 31.4 seeds per capsule, meaning that fertility was restored. On the other hand, individuals of F₂ takahashii leaf type come to fruition a low average of 10.4 seeds per capsule, which is similar to that of takahashii. The results of crossbreeding experiment, where is their native habitats, were similar to that of laboratory. Both albida and chaerophylloids in Mt. Bulmyeong distribute extensively, but takahashii make a small population only in places where albida and chaerophylloides grow together. Summarizing the above results is suggesting that the speciation of takahashii was done by hybrid between albida and chaerophylloides, and these have been maintained with relatively small population by cleistogamous capsules.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.346-355
• /
• 2005

To investigate the application of biochemical markers' and small-sample methods using whole-wheat flours for screening in early generation in Korean wheat breeding system, 74 Korean wheats, including cultivars, local breeding lines and experimental lines, were analyzed. Seed storage protein and amylose contents of grains were evaluated. Biochemical makers, including granule bound starch synthase (GBSS), high molecular weigh glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) and friabilin were also evaluated by using one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryla-mide gel electrophoresis with a single kernel. The small­sample methods, including modified SDS-sedimentation test (MST), micro-alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC) and whole-wheat flour swelling volume (WSV) were also tested in this study. Protein content, MST and AWRC was $11.0 - 15.8\%$, 2.7 - 26.2 ml and $71.9 - 109.7\%$, respectively. Apparent and total amylose content and WSV was $20.6 - 25.0\%$, $26.1 - 32.4\%$ and 9.0 - 16.9 ml, respectively. There were highly significant correlations between MST and AWRC (r=0.592, P<0.001), but Korean wheats showed no significant difference in protein content, amylose content and small-sample methods. In the biochemical markers, Korean wheats contained all three GBSS encoded by Wx loci, except for Suwon 252. Korean wheats showed the high frequency ($58.1\%$) of 1Dx2.2 + 1Dy12 subunits of HMW-GS. Friabilin band was present in 46 lines ($62.2\%$) and absent in 28 lines ($37.8\%$). Friabilin-absence lines showed the higher MST (14.9 ml) and AWRC ($92.1\%$) value than friabilin-presence lines (8.5 ml and $82.4\%$, respectively).

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.686-694
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 울릉도 너도밤나무림의 동태변화를 통한 유지기작을 연구하기 위하여 알봉분지에서 성인봉 사이 소능선부, 사면상부 및 계곡부를 포함한 너도밤나무가 우점하는 임분 1ha(20m×20m, 25개소)를 대상으로 흉고직경급 분포, 중요치, 종조성 분석을 통해 미세지형별 너도밤나무림의 임분구조 특성을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 너도밤나무림 전체에서 흉고직경급 10cm 미만에서는 소능선부와 사면상부가 계곡부에 비하여 개체수가 많이 나타났으며, 흉고직경급 10-25cm에서는 소능선부의 개체수가 가장 많이 나타났고, 흉고직경급 25-45cm에서는 사면상부, 45cm 이상의 계곡부의 개체수가 가장 많이 나타났다. 모든 지형에서 흉고직경급 10cm 미만의 너도밤나무가 다수 분포하고 있는 것은 종자번식이 아닌 영양번식 또는 교란에 의한 맹아갱신인 것으로 판단된다. 지표종 분석결과 소능선부에서는 솔송나무, 만병초, 호자덩굴, 섬벚나무, 마가목, 큰두루미꽃 등 8종이, 계곡부에서는 풍게나무, 관중, 난티나무, 섬노루귀, 말오줌나무, 큰연영초, 공작고사리, 황벽나무 8종이 유이하게 나타났다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 1998

Effect of plant growth regulators and end-product on the enzyme activities in cotyledons of Vigna angularis during germination was investigated by measuring the changes of $\alpha-amylase$ activities in attached and detached cotyledons applied growth regulators and sugars. The higher levels of $\alpha-amylase$ in detached cotyledons than those in cotyledons attached to the embryonic axis were due to both faster synthesis and slower degradation of the enzyme in the detached cotyledons than in the attached cotyledons. Levels of $\alpha-amylase$ activity were reduced by high concentrations of glucose and sucrose, and it is suggested that this effect was caused mostly by osmotic stress and partly by end-product repression. In detached cotyledons exogenously supplied $GA_3,$ IAA, kinetin, or their combinations has a small promotive effect on the developmental patterns of $\alpha-amylase$ activity ABA and uniconazole both prevented the synthesis of $\alpha-amylase$. Glucose inhibition of enzyme activity was partly reversed by the application of $GA_3,$ and CAMP. $GA_3,$ and cAMP seemed to act through a similar mechanism. The addition of inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis largely prevented the increase of enzyme activity in the presence or absence of exogenous $GA_3,$. The pretreatment experiments with canavanine indicated that the earlier the time of addition was, the lower the amylase activity was.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.92.2-93
• /
• 2003

Severe soybean-sprout rot was found at the mass productive factory in 2000 and 2001 and it caused 10-20％ loss of the production. Pythium sp. was isolated almost 90％ by potato dextrose agar from rotted root and hypocotylsof the sprouts. And the pathogencity tests using test tubes with 2％ water agar and small containers (30 ${\times}$ 30 ${\times}$ 50 cm, WxLxH) cultivation were shown a similar rot on roots and hypocotyls. The fungal mycelium grew rapidly on the water agar and it prevented the seed germination. Density of the Pythium sp. in the recycled water system at the factory was periodically measured using a selective medium, corn meal agar with Pimaricin 10 mg, Rifampicin 10 mg, Ampicillin 100 mg per 1 liter in order to check the contamination of recycled water. After fitering step using 5 and 1 ml in the recycled system was applied and it was effectively controlled Pythium rot. The daily yield of sprout was stable and the occurrenceof Pythium in the recycled water was much less after filtering. The fungal isolates were identified as Pythium deliense Meurs based on various mycological characteristics on corn meal agar and sucrose-asparagine bentgrass leaf culture medium. P. deliens oogonia were spherical, smooth, 19-23 urn in diameter, and their stalk bending toward antheridia. Antheridia were straw hat-shaped, curred club-shaped, therminal or intercalary, monoclinous, occasionally diclinous, 12∼15 ${\times}$ 8∼11 um, 1(∼2) per oogonium.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제97권2호
• /
• pp.144-151
• /
• 2008

Using 8 isozyme polymorphic loci as gene markers, we studied the spatial distribution of genotypes in a naturally regenerated uneven-aged Eastern Siberian Fir (Abies nephrolepis Max.) stand (1ha, $100{\times}100m$) on Mt. Ohdae in northeastern South Korea. Gregorius' distograms and Moran's I correlograms revealed no evidence of significant genetic structure at three spatial classes of 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m. Extensive gene flow, due to the long distance dispersal of pollen and seeds in A. nephrolepis, may account for the lack of fine-scale spatial structure. Alternatives would be overlapping seed shadows caused by high densities of A. nephrolepis adult trees (160 trees/ha) and/or intraspecific competition resulting in extensive thinning within maternal half-sib groups.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.211-217
• /
• 1990

팔당호밀과 신기호밀에 대한 전엽시기와 전엽정도가 종실의 발육에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 엽신중은 2엽, 3엽, 지엽 경으로 무거웠다. 2. 엽록소함량은 지엽, 2엽, 3엽 순으로 높았으며, 엽소도 같은 경향이었고 신기호밀보다 팔당호밀에서 높았다. 3. 립중은 전엽시기가 늦고 전엽정도가 적을수록 무거웠다. 4. 엽신들의 생산효과는 지엽, 2엽, 3엽 순으로 높았다. 5. 이삭부위별 립중은 중부, 하부, 상부 순으로 무거웠다.