• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2010

The Tsushima leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, a small felid, inhabits only the Tsushima Islands in Japan. Previous studies of the Tsushima leopard cat revealed that natural factors; including sex, reproductive activity, season, and prey distribution and abundance affect leopard cat home range variation and habitat use. In this study, we focused on clarifying how anthropogenic factors influenced home range variation and habitat use of a male Tsushima leopard cat living near a suburban area in January, March, May and September 2005 using radio-tracking. The home range size (100% MCP) of this cat was $0.78\;{\pm}\;0.26\;km^2$ (mean ${\pm}$ SD, n = 4 tracking sessions) across the whole study period. However, the cat did not use all parts of its home range uniformly; rather it used some habitat types selectively. The cat avoided agriculture areas and residential areas in all of the tracking-sessions. On the other hand, the cat showed a weak preference for artificial structures and a strong preference for baiting sites in January and March, while it avoided them in May, and no baiting site was included in its home range in September. These results suggest that anthropogenic factors influenced the ranging patterns and habitat use of the leopard cat living near a suburban area. Artificial structures might provided good resting spaces for the cat in bad weather. When the density of its main prey was low in the winter, the cat tended to rely on artificial prey and had a small home range size.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 1976

A survey was conducted on the vegetation of Judo and Gamagseum in warm temperate zone of Southern Korea. They are covered with natural vegetation, evergreen forest dominated with Castanopsis cuspiadata in Judo and Machilus thunbergii in Gamagseum. Judo is a small island, ca. 1.75 ha, located within the Wando port. Since the flora of Wando including the Judo was reported in 1924, some investigator have reported evergreen trees of Judo. But the list of plant species of Judo is still unavailable. Gamagseum, located at the 15km morth of Judo, is a small island, ca. 1.45 ha, cosisting of two islands, Dae-o-do and So-o-do in low tide, and the report of its flora and any other survery on its is almost none. The vegetatons of Judo and Gamagseum are an example of natural forest vegetation occured rarely in warm temperate zone because of human disturbance in the southern coast zone of the Korean Peninsula. However, the ecological study of those vegetation has not ever been made, and the ecological or plant geographical situations of their vegetation is not clear. To determine the vegetation type, listing of plant species in the islands, calculation of basal area of trees over DBH=4.5cm, Raunkiaer's life form, leaf size class, Pte.-Q and etc., were studied. Total plant species of Judo was 110 species and that of Gamagseum was 99 species. In Judo, Castanopsis cuspidata was 1384 individuals among 2359 individuals over DBH=4.5cm, and in Gamagseum, Machilus thunbergii was remarkably abundant and Castanopsis cuspidata could not be found.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.1666-1672
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• 2015

Small islands are quite adequate places where microgrid system with renewable sources can replace diesel engines as operation costs of diesel engine in most small islands are very high. To get the large amount of renewable energy, the microgrid system has very large capacity of renewable sources. The system with large capacity of renewable sources can meet the case when supplied energy is greater than the load and the fluctuation of source output is very large. The battery energy storage system can be a solution to stabilize the system with large capacity of renewable sources. In this case, BESS can be utilized as a master source for the synchronous operation of all sources including diesel engine, wind turbine and PV. The diesel generators can be used as a backup in case the BESS SOC goes below a certain level. In this paper, we suggest a novel unit commitment of diesel generators and operation schedule of pump for water supply service with the information of wind forecast, PV forecast, and load forecast. The proposed methods has been implemented and tested at the test bed in Gasa-Island.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2021

In order to understand the tide and current around the sea route of Jinhae and Masan passages, tide measurement and 2D numerical model experiments of tidal current and residual flow were carried out. Tide is composed of 84% of semi-diurnal tide, 11% of diurnal tide and 4% of shallow water tide, respectively. Phase lags of the major components for the tide around the study area have little differences. The flows are reversing on the whole, but have rotational form around Jamdo Island, south of Masan passage in spring tide and Ungdo Island, north of Masan passage in middle and neap tide. Current flows the speed of 50 cm/s in the sea areas near small islands, 5 cm/s in Jinhae harbor, Hangam bay and near Jinhae industrial complex and 20-30 cm/s in Jinhae passage, Budo channel and Masan passage. Tide-induced topographical eddies are formed near small islands, but few eddies exist and the flow rate of less than 5 cm/s tidal residual current formed in Jinhae and Masan passages. The flows in Jinhae and Masan passage give a good condition for a passage into Jinhae and Masan harbor.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.393-403
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• 2024

As an archipelagic country, Indonesia is surrounded by large and small islands. Many mangrove plant species are found along the coasts surrounding large and small islands. Besides their conservation value, mangrove plants provide various benefits, including the use of their leaves, fruit, bark, and wood as raw materials in pharmaceutical and other industries. Additionally, mangrove wood is a potential raw material for pulp and paper production. It is essential to study the fiber dimensions of the wood to identify the appropriate characteristics of raw material for pulp and paper. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively analyzed the differences in the wood fiber dimensions of seven mangrove species from the Indramayu Regency, West Java Province, namely Avicennia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Bruguiera cylindrica, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Sonneratia ovata, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Excoecaria agallocha. For this analysis, maceration followed the Forest Product Laboratory guidelines, and preparation followed the Sass method. The fiber length, diameter, and lumen diameter were measured using a light microscope. Based on the values of the length and dimension derivatives, the fibers of these mangrove wood species were grouped into quality classes II or III for use as raw materials for the pulp and paper industry. The wood fibers of H. tiliaceus, A. alba, S. caseolaris, and E. agallocha met the quality class criterion II, whereas wood species fibers of B. gymnorhiza, B. cylindrica, and S. ovata met the quality class criterion III.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.129-148
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• 2016

Plant species on oceanic islands comprise nearly 25% of described vascular plants on only 5% of the Earth's land surface yet are among the most rare and endangered plants. Conservation of plant biodiversity on islands poses particular challenges because many species occur in a few and/or small populations, and their habitats on islands are often disturbed by the activity of humans or by natural processes such as landslides and volcanoes. In addition to described species, evidence is accumulating that there are likely significant numbers of "cryptic" species in oceanic archipelagos. Plant systematists, in collaboration with others in the botanical disciplines, are critical to the discovery of the subtle diversity in oceanic island floras. Molecular data will play an ever increasing role in revealing variation in island lineages. However, the input from plant systematists and other organismal biologists will continue to be important in calling attention to morphological and ecological variation in natural populations and in the discovery of "new" populations that can inform sampling for molecular analyses. Conversely, organismal biologists can provide basic information necessary for understanding the biology of the molecular variants, including diagnostic morphological characters, reproductive biology, habitat, etc. Such basic information is important when describing new species and arguing for their protection. Hybridization presents one of the most challenging problems in the conservation of insular plant diversity, with the process having the potential to decrease diversity in several ways including the merging of species into hybrid swarms or conversely hybridization may generate stable novel recombinants that merit recognition as new species. These processes are often operative in recent radiations in which intrinsic barriers to gene flow have not evolved. The knowledge and continued monitoring of plant populations in the dynamic landscapes on oceanic islands are critical to the preservation of their plant diversity.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

This study is to develop a 1kW-class horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT) rotor blade which will be applicable to relatively low wind speed regions in southwest islands in Korea. Shape design of 1kW-class small wind turbine rotor blade is carried out using a blade profile with relatively high lift to drag ratio by blade element momentum theory(BEMT). Aerodynamic analysis on the newly designed rotor blade is performed with the variation of tip speed ratio. Power coefficient and pressure coefficient of the designed rotor blade are investigated according to tip speed ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.139-153
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• 2003

Subsurface information is one of the most important factors in the archaeological excavation. To obtain the information on the underground, geophysical prospecting is becoming a popular method. This study is on the small rocky islands located 200m away from the shoreline of Gampo, Gyeongju city, Korea. According to the historical records and field surveys, it was revealed as the tomb of King Munmu of Shilla Dynasty. However, the questions and debates, such as whether it is really the tomb of King Moonmu or not, and whether it is a buried place or not, are still remains, in addition to the incompletion of precise surveying and scientific studies. The scope of this study contains the researches on the above problems and debates using the geophysical and geological methods and techniques. The rocky islands around the submerged Tomb of King Moonmu is composed of granite, and sag exists inside of the islands. Sea water enters through the east groove by wave and is drained to the west slot by hydraulic gradient, since west slot is 15cm lower than the east. Sag inside of the islands is believed to be extended and widened from pre-existed sinkage by applying tools like chisel in the joints and cracks. It is concluded that the submerged megalith inside of sag was from the rock block which was developed by joints. Geophysical surveys reveal that there is no artificial structure or stone/china/steel chest, under the m egalith and rocky island. Researches show that the tomb of King Moonmu was constructed in the small rocky island artificially. However, the evidences show that planners and constructors of the tomb made every possible effort to preserve the natural environment and condition. It is strongly believed that the megalith was sort of alter to sprinkle bone-ash rather than buried place.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2001

For improvement of water quality, $20m^2$ of artificial floating plant islands planted with Iris pseudoacorus, were installed in small pond on March, 1999. Small pond has surface area $1,000m^2$ and mean depth 1.5 m. The density of plants was 16 per $m^2$ by using jute pot. Environmental parameters such as COD, SS, T-N, T-P and planktons were biweekly measured from 29 March to 28 September. Because of the small portion of floating island, the effect for water quality improvement was not sufficient. But considering the data of plant growth and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake capacity of plant, about 40% of coverage by artificial floating island was needed for elimination of whole nutrients from inflow.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.799-812
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• 2000

This study adopts the phenomenological approach in order to explore the experience of urinary felt by the small island women and to find the meaning and structure of their experience, for the further understanding of them. This study succeeded in detecting five topics and three basic structure from eight participants, and followings are the comprehensive statement of them. The five topics include neglect of care after childbirth, unavoidable life in the tidal flat, shame which cannot be expressed even to their husbands, endless anxiety toward the expected future, and sad(dilemmatic) lived experience. The basic structure is that small island women who have urinary incontinence are apt to regard their disease as a natural destiny of women who fail to get adequate care after childbirth, and something to be endured to live in the seashore. They think of urinary incontinence as something so shameful that they cannot reveal it even to their husband and family. They believe that it even changes their personality since they must always stay alert in order to cope with the situation; for example, when it takes place unexpectedly, like too often to go to toilet, to change the underwears, to wake up in the middle of the night to go to toilet, to try not to laugh loudly, or to have showers. In addition, they accept it as a natural process of aging and incurable disease, and they consider themselves already ruined on the way of becoming uglier. They show dilemmatic abandonment: give it up unwillingly but at the same time think it is natural for others too. The unique experience of small island women with urinary incontinence implied in those statement are inseparable with the specific conditions for survival in the island. Unlike other diseases, it is considered the result of traditionally poor care after childbirth. However this misunderstanding that it is a natural phenomena for all the women who experience childbirth and aging and thereby incurable leads to an undesirable attitude toward urinary incontinence. According to the analysis, environmental conditions specific for small islands make the women there have distinct and unique experience concerned with urinary incontinence. Consequently, the future nursing plan for urinary incontinence in the small island area must be made and enforced with the consideration of these specific phenomenological meanings. Modern Korean nursing has basically been centered to hospital or urban areas. Besides, nursing intervention has long depended upon the research of western countries. This research, however, shows how greatly the regional and cultural characteristics influence the understanding of a certain disease, and is expected to make more specific and in-depth nursing approach enable for those who have urinary incontinence in small islands.