• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

This study was carried to identify the component of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle in human, dividing the regional muscle group into outer, middle, and inner layer. the inner part of body surface were opened widely to demonstrate muscles, nerve, blood vessels and the others, displaying the inner structure of Small Intestine Meridian Muscle. We obtained the results as follows; 1. Small Intestine Meridian Muscle is composed of the muscle, nerve and blood vessels. 2. In human anatomy, it is present the difference between a term of nerve or blood vessels which control the muscle of Meridian Muscle and those which pass near by Meridian Muscle. 3. The inner composition of meridian muscle in human arm is as follows ; 1) Muscle ; Abd. digiti minimi muscle(SI-2, 3, 4), pisometacarpal lig.(SI-4), ext. retinaculum. ext. carpi ulnaris m. tendon.(SI-5, 6), ulnar collateral lig.(SI-5), ext. digiti minimi m. tendon(SI-6), ext. carpi ulnaris(SI-7), triceps brachii(SI-9), teres major(SI-9), deltoid(SI-10), infraspinatus(SI-10, 11), trapezius(Sl-12, 13, 14, 15), supraspinatus(SI-12, 13), lesser rhomboid(SI-14), erector spinae(SI-14, 15), levator scapular(SI-15), sternocleidomastoid(SI-16, 17), splenius capitis(SI-16), semispinalis capitis(SI-16), digasuicus(SI-17), zygomaticus major(Il-18), masseter(SI-18), auriculoris anterior(SI-19) 2) Nerve ; Dorsal branch of ulnar nerve(SI-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), br. of mod. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6, 7), br. of post. antebrachial cutaneous n.(SI-6,7), br. of radial n.(SI-7), ulnar n.(SI-8), br. of axillary n.(SI-9), radial n.(SI-9), subscapular n. br.(SI-9), cutaneous n. br. from C7, 8(SI-10, 14), suprascapular n.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), intercostal n. br. from T2(SI-11), lat. supraclavicular n. br.(SI-12), intercostal n. br. from C8, T1(SI-12), accessory n. br.(SI-12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17), intercostal n. br. from T1,2(SI-13), dorsal scapular n.(SI-14, 15), cutaneous n. br. from C6, C7(SI-15), transverse cervical n.(SI-16), lesser occipital n. & great auricular n. from cervical plexus(SI-16), cervical n. from C2,3(SI-16), fascial n. br.(SI-17), great auricular n. br.(SI-17), cervical n. br. from C2(SI-17), vagus n.(SI-17),hypoglossal n.(SI-17), glossopharyngeal n.(SI-17), sympathetic trunk(SI-17), zygomatic br. of fascial n.(SI-18), maxillary n. br.(SI-18), auriculotemporal n.(SI-19), temporal br. of fascial n.(SI-19) 3) Blood vessels ; Dorsal digital vein.(SI-1), dorsal br. of proper palmar digital artery(SI-1), br. of dorsal metacarpal a. & v.(SI-2, 3, 4), dorsal carpal br. of ulnar a.(SI-4, 5), post. interosseous a. br.(SI-6,7), post. ulnar recurrent a.(SI-8), circuirflex scapular a.(SI-9, 11) , post. circumflex humeral a. br.(SI-10), suprascapular a.(SI-10, 11, 12, 13), first intercostal a. br.(SI-12, 14), transverse cervical a. br.(SI-12,13,14,15), second intercostal a. br.(SI-13), dorsal scapular a. br.(SI-13, 14, 15), ext. jugular v.(SI-16, 17), occipital a. br.(SI-16), Ext. jugular v. br.(SI-17), post. auricular a.(SI-17), int. jugular v.(SI-17), int. carotid a.(SI-17), transverse fascial a. & v.(SI-18),maxillary a. br.(SI-18), superficial temporal a. & v.(SI-19).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.159-169
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• 2005

Objectives and methods: We investigated 17 books to study symptoms, pathology and acupuncture & moxibustion treatment of Hu-Ro(fatigue). Results and Conclusions: 1. The symptoms of Hu-Ro are the deafness, the amblyopia, the mass of sweat, the stiff joint, etc. There are also symptoms such as the fever of palm and legs, avoiding cold temperature in the afternoon, the fever during night time, the stomach fullness and diarrhea, the powerlessness of limbs, red colored urine. 3. The representing pathological mechanisms of Hu-Ro are Yang-deficiency(陽虛), Yin-deficiency(陰虛), Energy(Qi)-deficiency(氣虛), Blood(Hyul)-deficiency(血虛). The other pathological mechanisms are deficiency of Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lung, Kidney and the basic Energy. 4. The fundamental treatment of Hu-Ro is "warming on worned ones(勞者溫之), supplying on damaged ones(損者益之), strengthening the weakened ones(虛卽補之)" as basis and also supplying blood with fostering spleen(養血建脾) and droping fever with clearing the clogged(降火淸鬱). 5. The meridians that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are the urinary bladder meridian, the conception vessel meridian(任脈), governor channel meridian(督脈), kidney meridian(腎經), liver meridian, heart meridian, spleen meridian, lung meridian, stomach meridian, small intestine meridian, gall bladder meridian, pericardium meridian and triple-warmer meridian in order of frequently refered. 6. The meridian points that could be used in acupuncture and moxibustion treatment application of Hu-Ro are Joksamni (足三里:25times), Sinsu(腎兪:20回), Bisu(脾兪:19回), Pyesu(肺兪:18回), Qihye(氣海:17回), Gohwang(膏肓:15回), Kwanwon(關元:14回), Sameumgyo(三陰交:13回), Eumgeuk(陰郄:12回), Daechu(大樞:12回), Sinmun(神門:11回), Simsu(心兪:11回), Nyegwan(內關:10回), Jungwan(中脘:10回) in order of frequently refered.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.125-139
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• 2000

Study of the fourteen meridians that include name of P'ung(風) point. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Pyongp'ung(秉風) is located middle of the supraspinatous fossa(Small intestine Meridian, 手太陽小腸經). we can cute the local area disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Arm greater yang small intestine which is attacked by P'ung(風) disease. 2. Yep'ung(翳風) is located behind the lobule of the auricle, in the depression between the mastoid process and the mandible(Triple Energizer Meridian, 手少陽三焦經). we can cure the local area disease especially hyper yang disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Arm lesser yang triple energizer which is attacked by P'ung(風) and Yo'l(熱) disease. 3. P'ungmun(風門) is located 1.5 chon beside the lower end of the spine of the second thoracic vertebra(Bladder Meridian, 足太陽膀胱經). we can cure the local area disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Leg greater yang bladder which is attacked by P'ung(風) disease. 4. P'ungbu(風府) is located 1 chon above the middle of natural line of the hair at the back of the head, in the depression below the occiptal protuberance(Governor meridian, 督脈). It connects (Liver meridian, 足厥陰肝經) and Yin Link Vessel(陽維脈). we can cure the rigidity and pain in head and nape which is related Yin Link Vessel(陽維脈). 5. P'ungshi(風市) is located on the lateral part of the thigh, 7 hon above the patella(From the greater trochanter to the knee joint is 19 chon, Gallbladder Meridian (足少陽膽經). we can cure the local area disease(leg, knee, etc). 6. P'ungji(風池) is located Below the occipital bone, in the depression on the outer part of the trapezius muscle(Gallbladder Meridian, 足少陽膽經) on a level with P'ungbu(風府) (Governor vessel, 督脈). we can cure the local area disease and also use to cure the pathway of the Leg lesser yang gall bladder which is attacked by P'ung(風) disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1030-1033
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• 2007

Following conclusions about Taeyang meridian and Taeyang type were obtained through studies with reference to the books of ${\ll}$Donguibogam${\gg}$, ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaegyung${\gg}$, and ${\ll}$Special Lectures of Master Jisan on Medical cases${\gg}$ . Park noticed that there was difference in the development of 12 meridians among the individuals and tried to apply it in the diagnosis and the treatment of the disease, thereby creating the theory of the six meridian types. The literal basis is assumed to a phrase in ${\ll}$YoungChu GyungMaek${\gg}$ , ‘人經不同 絡脈異所別也’. Taeyang meridian runs through the back of the human body. The concept of TaeYang includes surface, starting point, diffusion of Yang Gi, and emission. Small intestine meridian of hand Taeyang manages the liquid and Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang manages the muscle. There is much flow of blood and less of Gi in Taeyang meridian which makes the connection to hair, flesh, liquid, muscle and vessel. Taeyang conceals and condenses objects because it belongs to Hansu according to division of Six atmospheric influences and to the winter. The articulation is stiff and urination and elimination are abnormal when disease occurs in this meridian. The pathology of Taeyang meridian would be the invasion of outer filthy Gi affecting the Bladder meridian of foot Taeyang which then again makes Kidney meridian of foot Soeum sick. The two meridians compose the outer part and the inner part of th body. The bladder itself becomes sick sometimes. The condition of less Gi in Taeyang meridian can easily result in the shortage of Gi, and much blood makes the person to have a lofty ideal or to have capricious behavior.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.201-209
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• 2005

Objectives : We investicated correlation between Yangdorak and Meridian at Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis patients. Methods : For Yangdorak examination, We made a comparison between 21 patients who were diagnosticated to Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis and 22 persons who were not. Results : 1. The stress showed the highest frequency in premonitory cause at onset. 2. In comparing results on the Yangdorak general mean, they were not statistically significant between two group(p<0.05). 3. In comparing results on the Stomach(ST)-meridian Yangdorak mean, Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis group is stastically significant in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). 4. In comparing results on the Small Intestine(SI)-meridian Yangdorak mean, Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis group is not stastically significant in comparison with non-facial paralysis group(p<0.05). Conclusion : Yangdorak may be used for a method to objective clinical examination. But further studies are required for a use of practical indicator.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.67-90
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aims to summarize Tang Zong-hai's Qi transformation theory of the Six meridians through his book "Shanghanlun Qianzhubuzheng傷寒論淺注補正" where he integrated Western anatomy with the Qi transformation theory of East Asian Medicine to interpret Zhang Zhong Jing's "Shanghanlun(傷寒論)". The objective is to assist clinical application. Methods : Focusing on the contents of disease of the six meridians in the "傷寒論淺注補正", Tang's theories on the function of Zangfu(臟腑), Opening-Closing-Pivot(關闔樞), Inter-communication of Zangfu(臟腑相通), the Twelve Meridians(十二經脈) from his other publication "中西匯通醫經精義" were examined and related to in the process of explaining Qi transformation theory in detail. Results : 1. The Qi transformation function of the Taiyang meridian is related to "膀胱者, 氣化則能出" where the Small Intestine and Bladder inter-communicate. 2. The Qi transformation function of the Yangming meridian is related to the control of dryness and dampness through the Qi transformation of "陽明不從標本, 從乎中." 3. The Qi transformation function of the Shaoyang meridian is related to the Life-Fire function of the Triple Energizer-Gallbladder-Pericardium coalition through "少陽屬腎." 4. The Qi transformation function of the Taiyang meridian refers to the Heart Fire nurturing the Spleen Earth by creating 膏油 through veins. 5. The Qi transformation function of the Shaoyin meridian is related to the controlling of the Nutrient Qi(營氣) and Defense Qi(衛氣) through '心主血脈, 腎主元氣.' 6. The Qi transformation function of the Jueyin meridian is related to the ability of 和風 which results from '陰盡陽生' to harmonize and control the balance of Water Coldness(水冷) and Fire Heat(火熱). Conclusions : Tang's Qi Transformation Theory of the Six Meridians is his key theory explained from the perspective of Qi transformation of disease in the six meridians of "Shanghanlun", closely related to basic theories such as theory of Zang form(臟象學說), Opening-Closing-Pivot(關闔樞), Inter-communication of Zangfu(臟腑相通), the Twelve Meridians(十二經脈) of East Asian Medicine.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.269-286
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• 2001

Objectives : This Investigation was aimed to find out the Classification of Cause and the Effect of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Treatment for Dentalgia Methods : We surveyed the oriental medical books from $\ll$HungTiNeiChing$\gg$ to recent published books concerning the Acupuncture therapy for Dentalgia Results : 1. Since the time of $\ll$HungTiNeiChing$\gg$ there was called "yateng", "yatong", "chiyaqutong", "kouchitong", "nichi", "chichong", "fengchi", "chongshitong", "chongshiyachi", "chifengzhongtong", "chiyinzhong", "yachuangzhongtong" 2. The Oriental Medical cause of Dentalgia are fire, wind, cold, blood stasis, stomach-heat, phlegm, difficiency of kidney, late snack, insect and wound, and then the Western Medical cause are cacodontia, periodontal disease, trigeminal nerve pain, stress 3. The meridians used for the treatment are large intestine, stomach, triple warmer, gallbladder and small intestine 4. The most frequently used acupuncture point for the treatment are Hapkok(LI3), Naejong(S44), Hyopko(S6), Igan(LI2), Sohae(H3), Yanggok(SI5), Hagan(S7), Taeyong(S5), Samgan(LI3), Kokehi(LI11) 5. The most frequently used moxibustion for the treatment are Sungjang(CV24), Yolgyol(L7), Kyonu(LI15), Taeyon(L9), Hapkok(LI3) 6. In the superior dental pain there commonly used the acupuncture point of stomach meridian, triple warmer meridian, gallbladder meridian in the inferior dental pain there commonly used the acupuncture point of large intestine meridian. 7. The most frequently used acupuncture point for the superior dental pain are Naejong(ST44), Yanggok(SI5), Chongnyong(G17), Kakson(TE20), In the inferior detal pain there are Taeyong(S5), Hapkok(LI3), Igan(LI2), Sangyang(LI1), Samgan(LI3) 8. In the treatment of dental pain The Acupuncture therapy utilized the division of region are the Erzhen therapy(耳針療法), the Touzhen therapy(頭鍼療法), the Shouzhen therapy(手鍼療法), the Zuzhen therapy(足鍼療法), the Bizhen therapy(鼻針療法), the Wanhuaizhen therapy 9. In dental pain the other therapy are the Taozhen therapy(陶鍼療法), the Pifuzhen therapy(皮膚針療法), the Dianzhen therapy(電鍼療法), the Yaozhen therapy(藥針療法).

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.243-258
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• 2000

From the reference research, the results obtained were as follows. 1. Until the "Song" dynasty, the predominant cause of facial nerve paralysis was the attack of Pathogenic Wind to "the Stomach Channel of Foot Yangming, (St.C.); and "the Small Intestine Channel of Hand Taiyang, (S.I.C.). They recognized the facial paralysis as an aspect of palsy. 2. In the period of Jin-Yuan(金元), the predominant cause was described as "Xuexu"(the deficiency of blood) and phlegm. They recognized that the facial palsy was a palsy. However, they also acceded to the possibility that there could be other explanations. 3. In the period of "Ming & Qing", there were numerous kinds of causes. For example, the following were identified as attacking the Meridian: the Pathogenic Cold; Pathogenic Heat; "Xinxu"(the deficiency in the heart); Fire and Heat combined as a pathogenic factor; "Pixu"(the deficiency in the spleen); and, "Xinxu"(the deficiency of blood). 4. In the past, Koreans have explained the facial paralysis according to the Chinese theories mentioned. However, recently there has been an emergence of another Chinese theory; whereby, facial paralysis is classified into causes and symptoms, and then medical treatment is applied accordingly. 5. From the occident medical perspective, the facial paralysis is categorized into two causes. The first is called central facial nerve paralysis and the second is called peripheral facial nerve paralysis. The latter is mainly caused by Bell's palsy, Herpez zoster oticus, and trauma.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 2015

Pulse diagnosis, the most popular diagnostic tool in traditional Korean medicine, had had many forms but had been fixed on using wrist pulse and placing internal organs on Cun, Guan and Chi(寸 關 尺). Wang Shuhe(王叔和) suggested placing six viscera(六腑) on Cun, Guan and Chi based on relationship between external and internal meridian vessel, and Zhang Jiebin(張介賓) criticized his suggestion and insisted that pulse diagnosis should be based on the organ system. But the origin of pulse diagnosis which can be found in "(Huangdi's) Internal Classic(黃帝內經)" is a tool mainly for diagnosis of not internal organ system but meridian system. Most of material about pulse diagnosis after Ming dynasty(明代) reinterpreted pulse diagnosis in the aspect of organ system, So there has to be additional discussion about it.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.205-228
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the current acupuncture therapy of cerebral palsy. Methods We investigated the Chinese clinical papers which were published in the last 10 years(from 1999 to 2008). We found these papers from the oriental medical library in university and we also used the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) through the internet and selected 32 papers for analyzing. Results Most papers were described the effect of acupuncture or acupoint-injection. This is more effective way to treat than the general rehabilitation treatment such as the physical therapy, the occupational therapy, and the speech therapy. Acupuncture or acupoint-injection has overall $80{\sim}100%$ of rehabilitation rate. The younger the children were, the longer the treatment period was, and the more successful in treatment. The acupuncture was often used with the general acupuncture and scalp acupuncture. Commonly used major acupuncture points were sishencong(四神聰), bohui(百會), zusanli(足三里), yundongqu(運動區), pinghengqu(平衡區), quchi(曲池), and sanyinjiao(三陰交). Commonly used main meridian pathways were bladder, governor vessel, gallbladder, large intestine, stomach, small intestine meridian. Head is the common site for acupuncture. The main acupoint-injection points were zusanli(足三里), dazhui(大椎), shenshu(腎兪), yamen(啞門), neiguan(內關), and fengchi(風池). For the injection, brain activator, ganglioside M1, cerebroprotein hydrolysate, cytidine diphosphate choline, Vit B1, Vit B12, the salviae root, the safflower were commonly used. Conclusions Acupuncture and acupoint-injection have been shown as an effective treatment on cerebral palsy. The acupuncture was used often the general acupuncture and scalp acupuncture all together. Commonly used main acupuncture points were sishencong, bohui, zusanli, yundongqu, pinghengqu, quchi, sanyinjiao.