• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Laser acupuncture is defined as the stimulation of traditional acupuncture points with low-intensity, nonthermal laser irradiation. Possible advantages in using laser acupuncture are the noninvasive, painless and low risks of infection treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of laser acupuncture on the quality and waveform of arterial pulses. Ten acupuncture points were stimulated repeatedly three times in 30 individuals by laser with emission in the near infrared spectral region (808 nm) using an out power and power density of 45 mW and $143W/cm^2$. The analysis of pulse quality and waveform was performed based on the measurement of arterial pressure of the left and right wrist, using a 3-dimensional blood pressure pulse analyzer. Excess-like pulse quality of subjects before laser acupuncture changed significantly to balanced pulse quality after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture; coefficient of deficient or excess, $C_{DE}$, decreased significantly from 0.68 before acupuncture to 0.61, 0.55, and 0.55 after 10, 20, 30 minutes of laser acupuncture ($$p{\leq_-}0.006$$), respectively. Other pulse qualities, floating or sinking, slow or rapid, choppy or slippery did not change significantly by laser acupuncture (p > 0.05). Pulse waveform analysis showed that amplitude of main peak (systolic function or aortic compliance, $h_1$) of left and right artery pulse waves decreased significantly after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture (p < 0.05). Other parameters, duration of one cardiac cycle (T), duration of rapid systolic ejection ($T_1$), duration of the systolic phase ($T_4$), and duration of the diastolic phase ($T_5$) of left and right artery pulses did not change significantly after laser acupuncture (p > 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.103-111
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• 2008

Recently, skin diagnosis has been suggested as a promising tool for discrimination of Sasang Constitution, reported by examining the skin characteristics such as thickness, stiffness, slip, and skin textures like wrinkles and furrows. However, the works had a limitation in that clinical decision on the skin characteristics was made by relying upon oriental medicine doctors' subjective sense of touch. In order to objectify the skin diagnosis and claim its efficacy on the discrimination of the Sasang Constitutions, it is necessary to demonstrate its discrimination capability by providing numerical values in terms of physical quantities obtained from measurements using today's sensors and equipment technologies, which motivated this work as a priliminary step towards objectification of skin diagnosis. The skin characteristics focused in this work is the slip property of the back-hand skin that has been exploited using the dynamic friction measurement system. First, curved geometric effects of the back-hand skin on the measured lateral/vertical force signals were estimated using the artificially designed silicon coated structures, which led to a suggestion on a quality controlled experimental design based upon a empirical analysis model. Second, the experimental design thus suggested has been applied to the measurement of dynamic friction coefficients for two healthy male subjects of Taeumin (TE) and Soyangin (SY), respectively. The result shows that the dynamic friction coefficient is less for the SY subject than for the TE subject around the area of the skin used for diagnosis by the oriental medicine doctor, implying the TE subject's skin is more slippery than the SE subject's that is consistent with the oriental medicine doctor's diagnosis. Hopefully, this work can provide guidelines for obtaining quality data in friction measurement to be collected for discussion on the efficacy of the skin diagnosis and its objectification through statistical analysis.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.377-385
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• 2013

Fall is very fatal accident causes death to older people. Shoe may affect to fall. Shoe influences risk of slips, trips, and falls by altering somatosensory feedback to the foot. The purpose of this study was to investigate the analysis of non-slip shoes for older people and influence on older people's lower extremity. For this study twenty three healthy older people were recruited. Each subjects walked over slippery surfaces (COF 0.08). Four pairs of non-slip shoes (shoe A had the greatest COF, 0.23 while shoe B, C, and D had smaller COF relatively) for older people were selected and tested mechanical and biomechanical experiment. For data collection motion capture and ground reaction forces were synchronized. There were statistically significant differences for slip-displacement, coefficient of friction, braking force, propulsion force, knee range of motion and knee joint stiffness by shoes. It was concluded that shoe A was the best for non-slip function because of the lowest slip displacement, the highest braking and propulsion forces, and the highest mechanical and biomechanical coefficient of friction where as shoe B, C, D were identified as a negative effect on the knee joint than shoe A. To prevent fall and slip, older people have to take a appropriate non-slip shoes such as shoe A.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.33-58
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• 2018

Objectives : Literatures related to Bianque are studied to discover the path of development and the impact of Bianque school's pulse diagnosis system. Methods : Texts regarding Bianque were searched in history books such as Shiji and Zhanguoce, and medical texts such as the medical books of Mawangdui Han Tomb, Huangdineijng, Maijing, and Qianjinyifang to understand how the Bianque school's pulse diagnosis system was developed. Results : 1. Bianque school's pulse diagnosis system was used to inspect the distribution pattern of blood vessels and discover the location of the disease including the palpatation realm such as only hard or only fall. 2. The system of inspection was created when the diagnosis method that uses the color of the pulse by using the color of blood vessels was added to the diagnostic method of pulse condition. 3. Adding the concept of pulse to the visual information that derives from pulse condition becomes pulsation. This is a diagnostic method that falls under the realm of palpation, and it was used to discover the location of disease. 4. The qi of pulse is motor that induces pulse, and this concept is used in order to understand how normal and abnormal pulsations appear, and to treat the circulation disorder of qi and blood. 5. Cubit skin examination is a method that comprehensively take into account the upper arm skin's cold and heat, slippery and roughness, and relax and tension state. This method was used together with other diagnostic methods. As described above, it seems that the diagnostic method with blood vessels used by Bianque school seems to have developed from Bianque's special inspection ability to the stage where it uses palpation, and then to the stage of cubit skin examination which uses both palpation and inspection.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with the development of multi-action die or multiple sliding die for the forming process of serrated sheets. Serrated sheets is used as a toothed or serrated seal for securing together overlapping portions of steel or plastic strapping ligature and have been produced conventionally in several methods such as rolling and indentation. Recently, longitudinally oriented thermoplastic materials have been widely used in the strapping industry, while such materials are quite slippery. Provided projections on a seal biting into the strap should overcome the slipperiness and also the tooth configuration must be closely controlled to avoid too much transverse penetration of the strap which could result in the shredding of the strap when it is placed under tension. The seal includes a central portion with a plurality of teeth which bite into one strap portion and a pair of reversely bent legs with a plurality of teeth which bite into the other strap portion. Forming processes applicable for serrated sheets have reviewed in qualitative sense to find possibility in terms of applicability of one of existing processes to the serrated sheet forming process. Existing seal products have been analyzed with enlarged picture of strap contacting surface of the seal by microscope. Based on the analyses of the existing forming processes and seal products, a new forming process is proposed for serrated sheets. The proposed process requires a multislide die which enables inclined indentation or cut-in into the seal material as well as scratching processes sequentially in a single action press.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to explore the students injuries by analyzing the data which has been inputted by the emergency center of the cooperated hospitals and the 119 rescue party through the injury surveillance system in Cheonan city. Method : Students were divided into the elementary, middle, high school students with the 776 cases of children and teenagers(7-19years old) of injury surveillance system in Cheonan area from january to june in 2009. Frequency analysis and $x^2$-test was done to recognize the features of students injuries among the groups. The program to be used for the statistical analysis is SPSS 17.0. Result : Out of the injury incidence rate, the elementary school students(52.1%) are first, the high school students (24.9%) are second, the middle school students appear to be 23.1%. Male is about two times higher than female by 66.6% in the injury incidence. In terms of the injury mechanism, the injury(22.2%) by hit is the first, the traffic accident(21.5%) is the second, the slippery(16.8%) is followed. The injuries were occurred most largely at 16:00-20:00(33.4%), and the 33.6% of injury by daily leisure activity occurs at 16:00-20:00 chiefly. Conclusion : Analysis using the data of the injury surveillance system has some advantages compared to the previous research such as reliability and specification. To prevent the students injuries, not the individual problem but the social dimension should be acknowledged so that we can secure and promote the safety from the risk. Therefore, we must organize the role assignment and the cooperative network in the school, home and community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2005

As the basic study about improvement of yellow croaker drift gill net fishing implement and development of the fishing system, this study drew problem after synthetically analyzing hauling system of yellow croaker drift gill net used in the coast of Chuja Island and tested several characters and analyzed in hauling process with 5 step net hauler model for improving the problem. The analysis results are as follows. When the angle between axises of drum centers was small, it showed the tendency that hauling time was fast. Hauling time was faster when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, slippery phenomenon was small and hauling was stable. Tension was larger when drum was 5 step rather than 3 step. When drum was 5 step, the range of change of the maximum and minimum value was small and hauling was stable. When drum was 3 step, there was following formula between hauling time ($Ht_3$) and angle between axises of drum centers ($A_g$) $Ht_3$ : ($7.15Hs^{-0.81}$) $A_g^{-0.81}$, when drum was 5 step there was following formula.$Ht_5$ : ($6.45Hs^{-0.75}$) $A_g0.10$, here, Hs is hauling speed. When drum was 3 step and hauling speed was 28cm/sec, tension was $T=0.08A_8^3-1.60A_g^3-0.49A_g+369.56(r=0.99)$, when drum was 5 step, tension was, $T=-0.01A_g^3+1.96A_g^2-34.05A_g+414.58$ (r-0.99), here, T was tension(g).

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2013.04a
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Slips and falls are associated with many occupational injuries in Korea. It is also estimated that slipping are major contributors to slip, trip and fall injury burden. So "LOCAL RULE ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDAR D" must be improved, especially article 3(prevention of slip, trip and fall). The primary purpose of the present study is to determine if, and to what extent, the standard could be improved in present environment. In order to fulfill our objective, the another regulation in Korea and foreign countries were investigated and reviewed. Many kind of standard, mandatory documents and guideline were also reviewed. And then, regulations, standard, guideline etc. reviewed were compared with each others. The article 3 was revised as below. 1. The floors of the traffic route in workplace shall have no hole or slope, or be uneven or slippery so as, in each case, to expose employees to slip, trip and fall risk, except if adequate measures have been taken to prevent a employees falling. 2. The employer shall design, install and fix the drain for effective drainage if fluid contaminants were frequently occurred. So far as is reasonably practicable, An employer shall keep the workplace clean, sanitary, and dry so that employees won't have any risk to tripping or slipping at the workplace. 3. To facilitate cleaning, every floor, workplace, and passageway shall be, so far as is reasonably practicable, kept free from protruding objects, splinters, holes, etc. Also, some criteria was developed in this study. Standard and criteria developed in this study will help to prevent slip, trip, and fall injuries.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2009

Background : To estimate fall incidence rate and associated factors in inpatients from a general hospital. Method : The data were collected from 104 fall incident reports developed by the patient safety committee in a general hospital in Seoul from 01 January 2007 to 31 December 2008. Information included general characteristics of patients, factors related to fall, types, places, circumstances and outcomes of fall. Result : The incidence rate of fall, which was 4.4 per 1,000 total discharged patients and 0.5 per 1,000 patient-days, was much lower than that of several hospitals in the United States. The difference may reflect the different incidence reporting system of each hospital. Fall-prone patients were, in general, $$\geq_-$$65 years of age, had an alert mental status, were ambulatory with some assistance, and were dependent on and ambulatory device. High incidence of falls was associated with patients with circulatory disease. The majority of fall events usually occurred in bed or at the bedside in the patient's room, and occurred more often during the night than during the day or evening. Risk factors of fall were use of drugs (antihypertensive or neuropsychiatric drugs) and environmental factors (e.g., overly high bed height, surrounding objects, inadequate fitness shoes and slippery floor). Physical injury occurred in 43.3% of fall events, which typically required diagnosis of injury and treatment such as suturing. Risk factors for repeated falls were use of a neuropsychiatric drug (odds ratio=13.9) and gait disturbance (odds ratio=91.2). Risk factors for fall-related injury were alert mental status (odds ratio=3.3 times more likely to fall than those who were drowsy or in a stupor) and general weakness(odds ratio=3.3 times more likely to fall than those who were not generally weak). Conclusion : Medical and nursing staff should be aware of the fall risk factors of hospitalized patients and should intensively pursue preventative strategies. Development of fall prevention education based on these results is recommended.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.296-308
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• 2009

According to Lee In-ja's research into the cooks of Korea, there are more than 1.2 million culinary professionals in Korea. However, it is hard to find studies on their work environment. From this point, this study aims to examine the shoes worn by culinarians in their workplace and facilitate the improved environment to protect culinary professionals against potential dangers such as slips, occupational and industrial injuries and fatigue, on the basis of the shoes they wear. The research was conducted on a representative cross section of safety shoes currently worn by culinary professionals. The four factors to be tested and measured for the study were weight, slip resistance, internal tearing strength and splitting resistance. Findings on inquiry showed that the shoes tested were quite heavy, slippery and readily liable to splitting under low stress - when compared to standardized base figures. In accordance with the results of this experiment, guidelines for four factors of manufacture were suggested. First, chef's shoes should weigh not more than 1% of a wearers weight. Second, they should exhibit more than 0.50 $\mu$ slip resistance. Third, they should withstand at least 50.0 N/mm tearing strength. And finally, they should have upwards of 3.0 kg/cm splitting resistance.