• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.651-661
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• 2021

Eruca sativa, called arugula, is a perennial plant in the Brassicaceae family, an edible plant commonly used in Italian cuisine. To study as a cosmetic material application E. sativa was extracted with 70% ethanol (ES). Then ES was fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol and water (EHex, EEA, ECHCl₃, EBuOH and EDW). EEA showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. ES, EEA and EBuOH showed inhibition of tyrosinase activity. As a result, ES is expected to have skin whitening efficacy. ES was applied to 0.05, 0.1% the toner and emulsion formulation to test the stability. The anti-microbial activity of eight bacteria and fungi including Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes which cause dermatitis and acne was evaluated. EEA showed effects in all of microorganisms. The toner and emulsion containing ES with 0.05, 0.1% were passed in the challenge test. At -20, 4, 25, 55 ℃ and daylight, there was no significant change on pH, viscosity for 4 months. However, emulsions had phase separation phenomenon at 55 ℃, so the base formulation needs improvement. In addition, through the skin penetration test, EEA penetrated 0.058% in 6 hr, predicting the clinical efficacy. This means that E. sativa can contribute whitening agent and the synergistic effect of preservatives.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.356-362
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• 2010

Ceramide is important not only for the maintenance of the barrier function of the skin but also for the water-binding capacity of the stratum corneum. Although the exact role of ceramide in the human skin is not fully understood, ceramide has become a widely used ingredient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Compared with other microorganisms, yeast is more suitable for the production of ceramide because yeast grows fast and is non-toxic. However, production of ceramide from yeast has not been widely studied and most work in this area has been carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Regulating the genes that are involved in sphingolipid synthesis is necessary to increase ceramide production. In this study, we investigated the effect of the genes involved in the synthesis of ceramide, lcb1, lcb2, tsc10, lac1, lag1, and sur2, on ceramide production levels. The genes were cloned into pYES2 high copy number vectors. S. cerevisiae was cultivated on YPDG medium at $30^{\circ}C$. Ceramide was purified from the cell extracts by solvent extraction and the ceramide content was analyzed by HPLC using ELSD. The maximum production of ceramide (9.8 mg ceramide/g cell) was obtained when the tsc10 gene was amplified by the pYES2 vector. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the increase in ceramide content was proportional to the increase in the tsc10 gene expression level, which was 4.56 times higher than that of the control strain.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial and antifungal activity from the wild seaweeds of Jeju island. The active ingredients of the seaweeds were prepared by 80% methanol extraction. Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of seaweed extracts was examined. We found that 6 plant extracts among 45 plants, namely, Codium contractum, Undaria pinnatifida, Ishige sinicola, Ishige okamurai, Ishige okamuriai, Ecklonia cava, Hizikia fusiformis, Ulva fasciata, Ulva pertusa, Sargassum siliquastrum, Ecklonia kurome, Gracilaria textorii, significantly inhibited growth of harmful microorganisms. Additionally, according to DPPH assay. 2 plant extracts were found to have antioxidant activities. Taken together, these results suggest the possibility that 11 plant extracts can be utilized as an antimicrobial agent.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2021

Background: Ginseng extracts and ginseng-fermented products are widely used as functional cosmetic ingredients for their whitening and antiwrinkle effects. Recently, increasing attention has been given to bioactive metabolites isolated from endophytic fungi. However, little is known about the bioactive metabolites of the fungi associated with Panax ginseng Meyer. Methods: An endophytic fungus, Penicillium sp. SNF123 was isolated from the root of P. ginseng, from which acremonidin E was purified. Acremonidin E was tested on melanin synthesis in the murine melanoma cell line B16F10, in the human melanoma cell line MNT-1, and in a pigmented 3D-human skin model, Melanoderm. Results: Acremonidin E reduced melanogenesis in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 cells with minimal cytotoxicity. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that acremonidin E downregulated melanogenic genes, including tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), while their enzymatic activities were unaffected. The antimelanogenic effects of acremonidin E were further confirmed in MNT-1 and a pigmented 3D human epidermal skin model, Melanoderm. Immunohistological examination of the Melanoderm further confirmed the regression of both melanin synthesis and melanocyte activation in the treated tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that acremonidin E, a bioactive metabolite derived from a fungal endophyte of P. ginseng, can inhibit melanin synthesis by downregulating tyrosinase, illuminating the potential utility of microorganisms associated with P. ginseng for cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.167-176
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• 2019

Milk contains essential nutrients and functional compounds, such as calcium, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, carotenoids, bioactive peptides, and sphingolipids. The bioactive molecules from milk are not expensive and have an added advantage of being derived from food. Therefore, they are more stable and have a broader spectrum than that of other chemicals. Bioactive milk components are useful for treating non-digestive tract disorders, such as cancer, cognitive decline, and hypertension. However, the clinical application of certain breast milk ingredients is limited due to the lack of a large-scale production technology. Once the scaled-up production of lactoferrin became possible, clinical applications were devised and evaluated. Similarly, human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET) can be produced on a large scale as a recombinant protein in microorganisms or in transgenic cattle using suitable separation systems. HAMLET can be used to treat human skin papilloma and cancer. Studies on breast milk that explored the clinical applications of the bioactive components of breast milk have spurred the development of translational medicine and breast milk-derived therapeutics. Some breast-milk derived therapeutic agents are already available to clinicians. Many components of breast milk have shown efficacy in pre-clinical studies and have valid clinical evaluations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 2017

We investigated the antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of dried type sodium-reduced Bibimbap using dandelion complex powder (DCP). DCP is known to add moisture to the skin and relieve symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The sodium content of the standard sample was 1,110.87 mg per serving. The sodium was significantly reduced by 30%, resulting in 762.62 mg of sodium for the reduced sodium group (p<0.05). The ash contents of the standard sample group with DCP showed the highest value (3.17%) in all samples and was affected by minerals of DCP (p<0.05). The total flavonoid contents and ABTS radical scavenging activity, indicators of antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activities, showed significantly high activities with addition of DCP (p<0.05). In the sensory results, bulgogi and savory flavor of the samples with DCP showed significantly higher values, and samples with DCP received the highest scores for after-taste. All samples were confirmed to be microbiologically safe according to the food code applied to food manufacturers. Pathogenic microorganisms tests were either negative or not detected in all samples.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2006

Polysaccharides extracted from mushroom have been most commonly used to enhance the immune system. Also polysaccharides maintaining the moisture extent on epidermal tissue have an effect on the removal of necrotic tissue and the restoration of epidermal tissue through enhancing the immune system at skin layers. In this work, polysaccharides were from Schizophyllum commune studied about the burn and wound healing activity in the epidermal tissue on rats through in vivo experiment and hematological values. And antibacterial activities were examined using pathogenic microorganisms causing the secondary inflammation.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.642-649
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• 2014

We investigated the antioxidant and physicochemical qualities as well as the sensory characteristics, and microbial safety of sunsik containing varied amounts of AF-343, which can help add moisture to the skin and relieve the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Samples did not show significant differences in pH measurements, but the pH had a tendency to increase with tendencies as increased amounts of AF-343. The total phenolic compound contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicators of biologically active ingredients such as antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial activity, significantly increased as the amounts of AF-343 increased (p<0.05). In an acceptance test, the samples did not show significant differences, however samples with the 750 mg AF-343 received the highest scores out of all the samples in overall acceptance. All samples were confirmed as microbially safe according to the food code applied to food manufacturers. Aerobic plate counts of the control group were 1.60 log CFU/g, while those of samples with 750 mg AF-343 were 1.70 log CFU/g. E. coli. Pathogenic microorganisms tests were either negative or not detected in all samples.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.230-236
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• 1993

A Chitulose film was made by dissolving chitin and cellulose in a dimethylacetamide/LiCl solvent system This film was completely degraded in 20 days in soil and penetrated by soil microorganisms in 16-26 hours. A permeability analysis of the film showed that water permeability was in the range of 0-187.5 $1/m^2$/day, depending upon the ratio of chitin to cellulose and decreased with increasing a cellulose content in the Chitulose film The permeabilities of organic compounds, $Na^+$ and oxygen change with the composition of the Chitulose file The film was tested with a burned 2~3degree rat for exploring its use as artificial skin. The rat was completely cured within 31 days without inflammation.