• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

Until now, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG) is known as the most powerful antioxidant among green tea catechins having many beneficial effects on human skin. Considering that the content of catechins is variable according to many conditions such as solvent, temperature and pressure, we prepared the heat-epimerized-EGCG-mixture (HE-EGCG-mix) containing high content of gallocatechin-3-gallate(GCG) by epimerization during autoclaving process and found out its optimal condition for maximizing conversion from EGCG to GCG. To investigate the effects of EGCG and HE-EGCG-mix on skin barrier function, we performed in vivo experiments with hairless mice. We found that HE-EGCG-mix has more potent stimulating activity than EGCG for the production of involucrin 7(INV7) and for recovery of barrier function in SKH-1 mice. Also, we found that GCG stimulates $PPAR-{\alpha}$ transactivation more effectively than EGCG in vitro by transient transfection assay for $PPAR-{\alpha}$ activation activity. These imply that HE-EGCG-mix consisting of high content of GCG should stimulate more efficiently recovery of skin barrier through PPAR-mediated-kerationocyte differentiation than EGCG. In conclusion, our study may provide a possibility that GCG, the C-2 epimer of EGCG, could be a potentially effective agent for development of new cosmetics or health foods for recovery of skin barrier.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.941-946
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• 2015

Photoaging is the main extrinsic aging factor that is induced due to UVB. Many studies have revealed that application of hyaluronic acid to the skin is effective in healing photoaging. However, the effect of hyaluronic acid through oral administration is unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect on skin photoaging after oral administration of hyaluronic acid. During a ten week study, hyaluronic acid was fed to hairless mice, which were illuminated by UV radiation. After ten weeks, wrinkle indicator and histological changes were determined. Compared with the control group, the sample group had a decrease in wrinkle depth, thickness, and number. Especially, the HA 160 mg/kg group had a similar value of wrinkle depth ($19.44{\pm}0.75{\mu}m$), number ($654.00{\pm}98.34$), and thickness ($1.35{\pm}0.08mm$), when compared with the RA (retinoic acid) group ($19.28{\pm}0.95{\mu}m$, $653.57{\pm}83.54$, and $1.34{\pm}0.07mm$ respectively). Also, the treated group showed improved elastosis and decreased collagen degradation resulting from UV irradiation. Thus, we can conclude that hyaluronic acid has a positive effect in improving skin photoaging induced by UV radiation. Hyaluronic acid therefore has the potential to be an ingredient in skin health function foods.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.430-438
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• 2019

This study is to investigate increase immunomodulatory activity of Chungkukjang added with Dendropanax morbifera extract. There are four groups divided that Control, Dendropanax morbifera extract group, Chungkookjang group and Chungkukjang added to Dendropanax morbifera extract group which of five mouses each group. Their immunological characteristics were compared with either general Chungkukjang or non treated group in the tested male ICR mice. There were no significant difference in body weight and organ weight. In the plaque forming cell assay, Dendropanax morbifera extract 250 and 500 mg/kg groups measured significant increase over the control group. The values of lymphocytes were significantly increased in the Dendropanax morbifera extract 500 mg/kg group campared with the control group. In the general Chungkukjang 400 mg/kg added with Dendropanax morbifera extract 500 mg/kg group, total serum immunoglobulin G concentration was significantly higher than the control group and their spleen tissues observed proliferation of white puls. These results demonstrated that Chungkukjang Added with Dendropanax morbifera extract was provided enhance of immunomodulatory activity and suggest that it can be used as various functional foods, based on foods promote immune system health.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 1990

The ability of many toxigenic fungi to invade and develop in a wide variety of raw ingredients of human diet renders human exposure to mycotoxing very difficult to avoid. Most of the energy-rich commodities, such as cereal grains, oil seeds, tree nuts, and dehydrated fruits, are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination. Mycotoxins therefare have been recognized as an important class of hazardous substances in the human food chain. Although human exposure to mycotoxins is largely through ingestion, inhalation and skin contact may also be significant under conditions other than consumption of foods. Human ingestion of mycotoxins is due to consumption of contaminated dietary ingredients and the edible tissues and products of domestic animals that have been exposed to mycotoxins in moldy feed. Large scale acute human mycotoxicoses, such as ergotism in France, alimentary toxic aleukia in Russia, yellow rice syndrome in Japan, endemic nephropathy in Balkan countries, and acute aflatoxin poisonings in India and Taiwan, have been well documented, indicating that mycotoxicosis is a global problem. In some incidents, hundreds of victims were killed and many more became seriously ill. The mycotoxins that have been implicated in the etiology of these human diseases include aflatoxins, citreoviridin, cyclopiazonic acid, ergot alkaloids, moniliformin, ochratoxin A, trichothecenes, tenuazonic acid, and zearalenone. Among these, aflatoxins have been also implicated in the etiology of human primary liver cancer in those high-incidence countries in Africa and southeast Asia. It is well recognized that cause-effect relationship between mycotoxins and human diseases is very difficult to establish, especially for the cancer connection. Careful risk assessment must be performed to determine whether a mycotoxin indeed warrants costly regulatory actions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

An antioxidant peptide derived from Pinctada fucata meat using an Alcalase2.4L enzymatic hydrolysis method (named AOP) and identified by LC-TOF-MS has promising clinical potential for generating cosmetic products that protect skin from sunshine. To date, there have been few published studies investigating the structure-activity relationship in these peptides. To prepare antioxidant peptides better and improve their stability, the design and expression of an antioxidant peptide from Pinctada fucata (named DSAOP) was studied. The peptide contains a common precursor of an expression vector containing an ${\alpha}$-helix tandemly linked according to the BamHI restriction sites. The DNA fragments encoding DSAOP were synthesized and subcloned into the expression vector pET-30a (+), and the peptide was expressed mostly as soluble protein in recombinant Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, the DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of DSAOP $IC_{50}$ values were $0.136{\pm}0.006$, $0.625{\pm}0.025$, and $0.306{\pm}0.015mg/ml$, respectively, with 2-fold higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with chemosynthesized AOP (p < 0.05), as well as higher superoxide radical scavenging activity compared with natural AOP (p < 0.05). This preparation method was at the international advanced level. Furthermore, pilot-scale production results showed that DSAOP was expressed successfully in fermenter cultures, which indicated that the design strategy and expression methods would be useful for obtaining substantial amounts of stable peptides at low costs. These results showed that DSAOP produced with recombinant Escherichia coli could be useful in cosmetic skin care products, health foods, and pharmaceuticals.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the characteristic of Seborrheic Dermatitis(SD) patients who visited Korean medicine clinics. Methods : The study was carried out with 140 SD outpatients who visited fourteen Gowoongyul Korean traditional medical clinics from January to December 2016 and was completed by reviewing patients' survey. Results : 1. Among 140 patients, there were 61 male patients(43.6%), 79 female patients(56.4%). The average age of the patients was $32.6{\pm}10.9years$ old, with many in their 20s and 30s in the distribution. 2. The average duration of disease was $4.2{\pm}4.11years$. 3. 80% of the patients had experience of treatment, 58.6% only took Western medicine, 17.1% had experience of both Western and Korean medicine treatment, and 4.3% received only Korean medicine treatment. 4. Analysis of seasonal effects of SD showed that 48.6% of the respondents reported that skin disease always appeared regardless of the season, with 33.6% in winter, with 29.3% in summer and 25.7% in seasonal change. 5. The rate of family history of seborrheic dermatitis was low(6.4%), and 75.7% of the patients answered that they had no family history of skin disease. 6. The major lesion of SD appeared on face(87.9%) and scalp(36.4%). 7. 70.7% answered they do some kind of self-managements. 70.0% used moisturizers. Bathing therapy was performed in 17.1%, and 55% were taking the health supplement food, and 35.7% restricted the avoidance diet such as instant and fatty foods. Conclusions : This study demonstrated the various clinical characteristics of Korean patients with seborrheic dermatitis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.327-334
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• 2022

Marine resources have various biological activities and their constituents are more novel than those of land organisms. Several biologically active constituents have been found in marine organisms. Recently, many studies have reported that marine animals (MAs) can be used as functional ingredients in functional foods or nutraceutical due to their health benefits. However, no studies have extensively investigated the cosmeceutical activities of MAs extracts. Here, 70% ethanol extracts of 38 MAs were investigated for their activities of whitening and anti-aging properties for use as materials in novel cosmeceuticals. Anti-aging activities were determined by skin aging-related enzyme activities (anti-collagenase, anti-elastase, anti-hyaluronidase) and whitening activities (anti-tyrosinase, anti-3,4-dihydroxyl-L-phenylalanine [DOPA] oxidation) evaluated by colorimetric method. Among the 38 MAs, we found that Urechis unicinctus and Petrosia corticata extracts showed the strongest inhibitory effects against tyrosinase and DOPA oxidation, respectively. Our results additionally showed that Protankyra bidentata extract might provide a major source of anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase; meanwhile, anti-collagenase effects were similar in most MAs. Overall, these results suggest that extracts of marine animals have potential as a tyrosinase, collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase inhibitors. Taken together, MA resources could be considered as a novel cosmeceutical agent to be applied in cosmetic industry.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.332-343
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• 2016

Objectives: Study purpose was to investigate perception on diet, diet problems and related factors among young adult women using focus group interviews (FGI) based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Methods: Eight groups of FGI were conducted with 47 female undergraduate or graduate students. Guide for FGI included questions regarding perception on optimal diet, diet problems and cognitive, behavioral, and environmental factors of SCT. FGI were video, audio-taped, transcribed and analyzed by themes and sub-themes. Results: Subjects showed irregular eating habits (skipping breakfast, irregular meal time) and selection of unhealthy foods as the main diet problems. Regarding cognitive factors related to optimal diet, subjects mentioned positive outcome expectations (e.g., health promotion, skin health, improvement in eating habits, etc.) and negative outcome expectations (e.g., annoying, hungry, expensive, taste). Factors that promoted optimal diet were mainly received from information from mobile or internet and access to menu or recipes. Factors that prevented optimal diet included influence from friends, lack of time and cooking skills. Behavioral factors for optimal diet included behavioral capability regarding snacks, healthy eating and smart food selection. Subjects mentioned mass media (mobile, internet, TV) as the influential physical environment, and significant others (parents, friends, grandparents) as the influential social environment in optimal diet. For education topics, subjects wanted to learn about healthy meals, basic nutrition, disease and nutrition, and weight control. They wanted to learn those aspects by using mobile or internet, lectures (cooking classes), campaign and events. Conclusions: Study results might be used for planning education regarding optimal diet for young adult women. Education programs need to focus on increasing positive outcome expectations (e.g., health) and behavioral capability for healthy eating and food selection, reducing negative outcome expectations (e.g., cost, taste) and barriers, making supportive environments for optimal diet, and incorporating topics and methods found in this study.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.262-277
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• 2000

In order to find out the sex- and age-related prevalence rate of allergic diseases in the community. as well as the causes of those diseases. questionnaires were given to 2.415 subjects (1.206 males and 1.209 females) from May to June. 1998. As a second stage. skin tests were given to 452 of the original subjects between July and August. 1998. Finally. from March to November 1999. the results of the tests were compared with those of other countries to make a comparative analysis of epidemiological research on allergic diseases. The results of this study were as follows: The frequency of allergic symptoms by sex was 50.1% in males and 56.7% in females. respectively, which displayed significant difference between males and females(p<.01). By age, the frequency of allergic symptoms in males was highest for those under the age of 9 at 60.6%, whereas in females the highest frequency was between the ages of 30 to 39 at 75.1 %. The relationship between economic level of the subjects and their frequency of allergic diseases showed significant difference (P<.05). There was a high degree of correlation between family history and the frequency of allergic diseases(P<.01). In allergic symptoms, the highest prevalence in both males and females occurred with urticaria, itch and skin rash (33.6% with males and 38.0% with females). Rhinitis, nasal blocking and sneezing had the second highest frequency in both sexes (11.8% of males and 14.0% of females). With regard to the causes of allergic symptoms among the people with allergies, the rate in males was 30.1% in food. 25.0% in pollen, and among females the rate was 30.7% in food, 26.6% in pollen. The frequency of food allergies by sex was 25.6% in males and 25.8% in females, with little difference between males and females, and by age, males of the ages between 40 to 49 and females of the ages between 30 and 39 showed the highest frequency, 31.8% and 32.6% respectively. Among 585 people with food allergies, the sympoms occurring with the allergy in males were 81.5% with urticaria, itch and skin rash. 5.9% with diarrhea and stomachache, and 5.2% with rhinitis, nasal blocking and sneezing. Among females with food allergies, the symptoms were 82.6% with urticaria, itch, skin rash, 9.1% with diarrhea and stomachache, and 4.7% with rhinitis, nasal blocking and sneezing. The type of food most often causing allergy in males was mackerel (6.6%) and females peaches (7.4%). In respect to a positive rate in the skin test by sex, of the 379 males taking the skin test, 21.4% were positive for allergies, whereas 14.7% of the 346 females tested were positive. Among food items found to cause positive allergic reactions, hops had the highest frequency in males (58.9%) and whole eggs had the greatest effect on females (36.4%). The estimated prevalence of food allergies in terms of skin tests was 5.0% of 1.206 males and 3.6% of 1.209 females. In the estimated frequency of food allergy by age group, males of the ages between 40 and 49 and females of the ages from 30 to 39 had the highest rate (6.5% with males and 4.5% with females). In a comparative analysis of epidemiological research on allergic diseases by country group, allergic diseases occurred in 18-50% of each population studied, and the occurrence of allergic diseases when categorized according to symptoms displayed the following as such: allergic rhinitis (3.8-52%), allergic asthma (1.6-17%), and atopy dermatitis (0.33-20.4%). The prevalence of food-related allergies was 6.6-64.9% and the foods causing allergies frequently included milk, eggs, eggs, peanuts, fish, etc.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2016

Kefir, originating from Caucasus, is an acidic, alcoholic fermented milk product with little acidic taste and a creamy consistency. It is recognized in having beneficial effects infor the prevention and treatment of cancer. For example, Kefir has possesses a chemopreventative effect on carcinogenesis. There has recently been a strong focus on fermented milk foods containing a mixture of several functional organic substances and various probiotic microorganisms. Hence, the purpose of this review paper was to evaluate the scientific evidence for the effects of kefir on cancer prevention and treatment. Some of we analyzed and summarized data-relating to the effects of kefir on cancer. The cacers that kefir has an effect on are as follows: colon cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, sarcoma, skin cancer, gastric cancer. This review suggests that (1) kefir could be associated with cancer prevention, (2) kefir has beneficial effects in cancer treatment, and (3) kefir has various bioactive components including peptides, polysaccharides and sphingolipids, which contribute tofor itsthese anti-cancer properties. Furthermore, furthermore, studies were performed in order to obtain as to get the scientific evidence of kefir's anticancer activity: (1) improved protective effectiveness in vivo (human subjects or animal model), (2) isolation and identification of various bioactive components, and (3) mechanisms associated with beneficial effects.