• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine utilization patterns and determinants of oriental medical services. Data were collected from 545 residents in Taegu city The results of this study are summarized as follows 1) 37.8% of subjects used oriental medical services in the past year. Especially, the female, the ages of 50 and 60 over, the single. low-educated. high-income class, white-collar class, medical insured tended to use more oriental medical services than another groups. 2) 46.7% of users of oriental medical services reported that number of visits in the past year was 2 - 5 times 37 1% of them was 1 times, and 4.5% over 10 times. 3) According to the reasons to choose the oriental medical facilities, most was 'on their own judgement'(48.8%) and 'by the advice of relatives and friends'(42.0%) Regarding to the objectives of using oriental medicine, 68.3% was 'treatment', 31.7% 'health counselling and promotion'. And among diseases of users, diseases of musculo-skeletal system was the highest(54.5%). 4) 57.9% of oriental medical services users had experience of utilizing western medicine on the same diseases. Among peoples with experiencing western medicine on the same diseases. 54.4% received oriental medical services 'in addition to western medicine', 45.6%'in place of western medicine 'And 41.2% of using both services reported that they had difficulty in deciding to choose the type of services -oriental medical services or western medicine-for their diseases. 37.3% of them answered that 'providing relevant information' was the most desirable measure to solve this problem, 27.3% 'establishment of effective referral system between oriental and western medical facilities '23.6% 'cooperative medical treatment systems in the same facilities', 11.8%'integration of oriental medicine into western medicine 5) According to the satisfaction level with each items of oriental medical services, the respondents had positive views on efficacy, kindness, and side-effects. They, however, had negative view on the cost of oriental medical services. 6) In regarding to the priority of improvement of oriental medical system,'expansion of insurance benefit package 'ranked first. 'expansion of insurance benefit Package 'ranked second, 'improvement of scientific methods and diagnostic technique 'third, and 'safety of herbal medicine' fourth in order. 7) The significant factors influencing the utilization of oriental medical services were kindness of oriental medical practitioners, efficacy , travel time, age To be brief, utilization rate of oriental medical services in urban area generally tends to be high. There, however, have been various barriers to limit oriental medical services, such as incomplete benefit package of oriental medical insurance and lack of coordination and referral system between oriental and western medical services, lack of scientific diagnostic procedures, high price etc . For the development of oriental medical services, Much attention to remove these limiting factors should be placed. In addition, kindness of oriental medical practitioners , which is expected to be more important factor in the consumer - focused health care environment than ever, should be kept high consistently. Since this study was conducted for specific residents of an urban city. further research including more sampling in different urban areas should be required to generalize the results of the study.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.417-424
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• 2009

Osteoclasts, derived from multipotent myeloid progenitor cells, play homeostatic roles in skeletal modeling and remodeling, but may also destroy bone in pathological conditions such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclast development depends critically on a differentiation factor, the receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL). In this study, we found that the hexane soluble fraction of the common fig Ficus carica (HF6-FC) is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). HF6-FC exerts its inhibitory effects by suppression of p38 and NF-${\kappa}B$ but activation of ERK. In addition, HF6-FC significantly decreased the expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos, the master regulator of osteoclast differentiation. The data indicate that components of HF6-FC may have therapeutic effects on bone-destructive processes such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal bone resorption.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2004

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is malignant tumor in salivary gland, and its behavior is very invasive. Of all malignant tumor adenoid cystic carcinoma is occured in frequency of 4.4% in major salivary gland, and 1.29% in minor salivary gland. Histopathologically, adenoid cystic carcinoma is characterized by a cribriform appearance, and tubular form and solid nest type tumor can be seen. The tumor cell structure composed of modified myoepithelial cell, and basaloid cell. Extracellular matrix of this tumor cell contains variable ground substance with basement membrane component. Basement membrane matrix composed of collagen fibers, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and its function is well known that it participate in differentiation, proliferation, and growth of tumor cell. Basement membrane molecule is essential for invasion of peripheral nerve, blood vessel, skeletal muscle in tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma. In many studies, the tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma containing modified myoepithelial cell participate in synthesis of proteoglycan. In this study, tissue sample of adenoid cystic carcinoma of human salivary gland were obtained from 15 surgical specimen, and all specimen were routinely fixed in 10% formalin and embedded. Serial $4-{\mu}m$ thick sections were cut from paraffin blocks. the histopathologic evaluation was done with light microscopy. And, the immunohistochemical staining, characteristics of glycosaminoglycan were observed. For biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycan, isolation of crude glycosaminoglycan from tumor tissue and Western bolt analysis were carried out. With transmission electomicroscopy, tumor cell were observed. Biologic behavior of adenoid cystic carcinoma was observed with distribution and expression of basement membrane of glycosaminoglycan in tumor cells, The results obtained were as follows: 1. In immunohistochemical study, chondroitin sulfate is postively stained in tumor cell and interstitial space, dermatan sulfate is weakly stained in ductal cell. But keratan sulfate is negatively stained. 2. In immunohistochemical study, heparan sulfate is strong positive stained in tumor cell and basement membrane, especially in invasion area to peripheral nerve tissue. 3. In transmission electromicroscpic view, the tumor cells are composed modifed myoepithelial cells, and contains many microvilli and rough endoplasmic reticulum. 4. In Western blot analysis, the expression of glycosaminoglycan is expressed mostly in heparan sulfate. From the results obtained in this study, tumor cell of adenoid cystic carcinoma is composed modified myoepithelial cell, and glycosaminoglycan of basement membrane molecule of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mostly participate in the development and invasiveness of adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and western blot analysis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

In the field of pediatric dentistry, comparison and analysis of cephalogram values of children are important fir evaluation of growth and development, and are essential to evaluate the craniofacial form and growth pattern for early diagnosis of malocclusion. For this, cephalographic norm values are important, but not many studies on the primary dentition exist. To compare the past norm values of normal occlusion in the primary dentition with current norms, preschool children, 4 to 5 years of age, with normal occlusion in the primary dentition who visited our hospital were examined. Among these children, 46 children with normal facial form and developmental status were chosen for evaluation of cephalogram values. The following results were as follows: 1. For skeletal values, the angular values showed no significant differences between males and females, and the linear values were generally greater in males than females. 2. SNA was $81.3^{\circ}$, SNB was $76.6^{\circ}$ and ANB difference was $4.7^{\circ}$. 3. The ratio for Mandibular body length to Anterior cranial base length was 0.9 : 1 for both male and female and the ratio for posterior facial height to anterior facial height was 61.4 % for male, 62.0 % for female. 4. For dental values, IMPA was $84.2^{\circ}$ and UA to SN was $90.8^{\circ}$. 5. The upper lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.6 mm anteriorly, and the lower lip to Ricketts esthetic line was positioned 2.5 mm anteriorly.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.180-184
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• 2001

Cleidocranial Dysplasia(CCD) is an autosomal dominant human bone disease characterized by abnormal clavicles, patent sutures and fontanelles, and dental anomalies. Among dental anomalies, it is characterized that permanent dentition is severly disturbed due to multiple supernumerary teeth and abnormalities of tooth morphology. A eight-year-old female patient diagnosed as cleidocranial dysplasia visited in our hospital. Upon clinical oral exam, retained deciduous teeth, constriction of dental arch, anterior cross bite, and multiple dental caries were observed. In the dental panoramic radiograph, retained deciduous teeth and multiple supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and the mandible were found. In the cephalometric radiograph, open sutures and wormian bones were seen. In the chest P-A view absence of clavicles was observed. The cleidocranial dysplasia patients have eruption problems in permanent dentition both in regions with and without supernumerary teeth. The severely delayed or arrested eruption of permanent teeth has been ascribed to various factors : 1) The presence of multiple supernumerary teeth, 2) malformed roots with lack of cellular cementum, 3) the jaw bone being too dense, and 4) abnormal resorption of bone and primary teeth. Formation and maturation of primary teeth in cleidocranial dysplasia are normal, whereas the permanent dentition has various anomalies. Therefore, dentists should understand the development of dentition in cleidocranial dysplasia, and treat them in proper time.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.144-150
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• 2008

Multimodal cancer therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy could not only improve the prognosis of malignancy but also reduce the dosage and toxicity of cancer drug for treatment of malignant tumor. The effects of radiotherapy are generally localized, additive, and accumulative, and depend on dosage, site and cell sensitivity. However, in growing individuals, the dental and skeletal sequelae to radiotherapy result in dental or facial abnormalities that are irreversible : arrested root development, disturbances in enamel formation, microdontia, anodontia, altered tooth eruption and mandibular or maxillary hypoplasia. Especially, the teeth which are developing is affected according to the stage. We report three cases of developmental disturbance of permanent teeth after radiotherapy. These children had received radiotherapy for malignant tumor at the age of 3 to 4 years, in which root hypoplasia, short tapered root and early apex closure were observed. For the management of radiation caries and radiotherapy-related teeth, periodic recall check and oral hygiene instruction are required.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2003

A teratogenic study of dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (DDB-S) was carried out on Sprague-Dawley rats. DDB-S dissolved in saline was administered to male and female rats by intravenously injection at daily doses of 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg. A half of dams were sacrificed at 20th day of gestation to scrutinize the pregnant performances and fetal development. And the remaining dams were allowed to deliver. The growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive function of F1 offsprings were examined. There was no treatment-related difference in body weight, food consumption and necropsy findings of dams. No gross, skeletal and visceral abnormalities was observed in F1 fetuses from dams treated with DDB-S. F1 offsprings did not show any treatment-related difference in growth, reflex, behaviour and reproductive performance. At caesarean section of F1 dams, no growth retardation and gross abnormality was observed in F2 fetuses. In conclusion, DDB-S did not show any potential teratogenic effect in rats.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.824-835
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was identified about oral health status and oral health needs of elderly. Moreover this study would be based further research of development of oral health in elderly. Methods : This study was undertaken to determine the oral health status and the need of oral management of over 65years elderly who were with dental prosthesis in elderly welfare center and Kyung Ro Dong in Kyung Bok and Kyung Nam. The results were as follows. Results : The sample was 200 participants. The demographical characteristic were that 74.0% of participant was female, 29.0% of participant was 75~79 years old, 42.5% of participant was under elementary, and 45.5% of participant was living alone. 43.7% of participant was pain from muscle-skeletal disease, 37.1% of participant was cardiac-vascular disease, and 31.1% of participant was ophthalmic disease. In oral health status, 54.5% of participant was partly artificial tooth and 45% of participant was whole artificial tooth. 78.0% of participant used under 10 years with partly artificial tooth and only 27.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. 83.5% of participant used under 10 years with whole artificial tooth and only 26.4% were satisfaction with artificial tooth. In the oral health status of partly artificial tooth, the average of toothbrush was 2 times, 42.2%. The majority method of toothbrush was 'their own freely' 55.0%. The time of toothbrush was 'after meal' 81.8%. The study result showed that majority participant didn't experience of tongue brush, regular examination, scaling, and oral health education. In the need of oral management with the whole artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about artificial irrigation and the method of management(p<.05). The need of participant who answered 'don't gum massage', was higher of xerostomia treatment(p<.01) and halitosis treatment(p<.05). In the need of oral management with the partly artificial tooth, the participant who used longer artificial tooth was significantly higher about regular examination(p<.01), oral cavity massage(p<.05), scaling(p<.05), dental caries treatment(p<.01). The need of participant who answered 'don't satisfaction with artificial tooth' was higher of regular examination and scaling(p<.05). Conclusions : Oral management needs of elderly who kept artificial tooth or denture required were regular dental examination, xerostomia management, management of artificial tooth and irrigation, and management of bad breath. This results meaned the oral health intervention program for elderly was developed regularly.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

Robinow syndrome is skeletal dysplasia with both autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns. It is characterized by short-limbed dwarfism, abnormalities in the head and face, as well as vertebral segmentation. A 2-year-7-month old boy with Robinow syndrome had visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital, for the evaluation of tooth palatal eruption on maxilla. He had micrognathia, delayed tooth eruption, cleft lip with bifid uvula. He also had an erupted mesiodens on the palatal side of maxillary primary incisors, which was tuberculated and 8mm in major diameter. The patient was scheduled for mesiodens extraction under general anesthesia. He was a young child with delayed development, so general anesthesia was inevitable. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with inhalation agent, Sevoflurane. There were no postoperative complications related to anesthesia and dental treatment. Robinow syndrome patients have craniofacial dysmorphism and eruption disorders. Therefore, he requires regular check-ups as well as dental managements.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 2000

The Fibroblast growth factors(FGFs) plays an important role in the control of osteogenesis during skeletal development. Especially, FGF-2 is a potent mesodermal inducer during embryogenesis and FGF receptors (FGFRs) messages are strongly expressed in developing bones. In this study, we investigated the effect of bFGF on osteopontin(OPN) gene expression in ST-2 cells and tried to elucidate the mechanism of its stimulatory effects. The obtain results were as follows; The treatment of bFGF(1ng/ml) upregulates OPN, fibronectin mRNA levels and downregulates type I collagen mRNA levels. But, there was no remarkable difference in alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels between two groups. The OPN gene expression increased in a dose-dependent manner up to 10ng/ml and OPN gene began to occur at around 3h with continuous increase up to 24h then decreased to basal level at 48h. 30 minutues pretreatment with cycloheximide (500ng/ml), a protein synthesis inhibitor, prior to addition bFGF resulted in blocking bFGF induced OPN expression. These results suggest that bFGF increased the level of OPN mRNA in a dose and time-dependent manner via the synthesis of certain transcriptional regulatory proteins.