• 제목/요약/키워드: size difference

검색결과 5,010건 처리시간 0.031초

음식물 쓰레기를 줄이기 위한 체계화 연구(II) -일부 한국음식의 1인 1회 적정 섭취량 평가- (The Systematic Study on Reduction of Food Waste Products(II) -Estimation of One Serving Size of Frequently Consumed Korean Dishes -)

  • 전예숙;최미경
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.64-73
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of serving sizes on dish wastes, nutrient intake, and diet satisfaction for reduction of dish waste products. The dish waste, energy and protein intake, and satisfaction scores before and after dining were compared in 44 subjects fed various serving sizes(100%, 90%, 80% of standard size) of 10 frequently consumed Korean dishes. The result are as follows: 1. Average age, height, and weight of 44 subjects were 30.5, 174.0cm, and 68.1kg in men and 26.2, 164.2cm, and 53.5kg in women, respectively. 2. There was a significant difference in the dish waste rate of 10 Korean dishes to serving sizes. The range of dish waste rates of 10 Korean dishes was 13.14-33.04%. 3. The average energy intake from 10 Korean dishes in which 100% of the standard serving size was served was lower than Korean RDA. Protein intakes from Sulungtang, Yukgaejang, Deunjang-ggigae, and Bibimpab with 100% servins size, Soondubi-ggigae 90% servins size, and Galbitang, Bulgogi-bakpan, Sangsungui-bakpan, Bakpan 80% of standard serving size were higher than Korean RDA. 4. The satisfaction score before dining on Sulungtang, Bulgogi-bakpan, Sangsungui-bakpan decreased with decreasing serving size. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction score after dining to serving size. These findings indicate that dish waste rate and diet satisfaction of 10 these Korean dishes are fixed and energy intake is insufficient. Therefore, for reduction of food waste and reasonable serving size of dishes evaluated in this study, there should be more studies about Korean menu development with decreasing serving size and increasing energy density.

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바인더 볏단의 크기가 자동탈곡기(自動脱糓機)의 탈곡성능(脱糓性能) 및 부하특성(負荷特性)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Binder-Sheaf Size on Threshing Performance and Load Characteristics of an Auto Feed Thresher)

  • 유수남;류관희
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.60-72
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    • 1981
  • This study was carried out to find out the effects of the sheaf size of paddy harvested by the binders on the threshing performance, load characteristics and power requirement of an auto-feed thresher. The results of the study are summarized as follows: 1. The seperating performance of the thresher appeared to be satisfactory for all the sheaf sizes although the amount of rubbishes and empty grains slightly increased with the sheaf size of paddy. 2. There was no significant difference in grain output quality of the thresher among the three sheaf sizes. However, the amount of grains left unthreshed increased with the sheaf size. In the case of the largest sheaf size with the feed rate of 780kg/h, it exceeded the limit set by the national inspection regulations. 3. The position of the feed-chain rail gave a significant effect on the power requirement of the thresher. At the feed rate of 780kg/h, the net power required to convey sheafs through the feed chain was in the range of 0.37 to 0.50 PS for the middle and lowest position of feed-chain rail, and there was no significant difference among the sheaf sizes. At the highest position, however, it appeared that the smallest sheaf required more power than the others. The net power requirements at this position were 1.03, 0.59. 0.65 PS for the smallest, medium and largest sheafs respectively. 4. The torques of both the thresher and the engine shaft increased with the feed rate and were not affected by the sheaf size for the lower two feed rates of 520 and 780kg/h. At the highest feed rate of 1,040 kg/h, however, they were affected by the sheaf size. In this case, the medium sheaf size gave lower values than the others. 5. The variations in the thresher and the engine torque increased with the feed rate and were not affected by the sheaf size for the feed rate of 520kg/h. At the feed rate of 780kg/h, however, they increased with sheaf size. And at the feed rate of 1,040 kg/h, the torque variations increased greatly for all the sheaf sizes due to an over-load operating condition. 6. It appeared that the average and maximum power requirements of the thresher increased with the feed rate. But, there was no significant difference in power requirement among the sheaf sizes for the lower two feed rates. 7. The threshing efficiency of the thresher was in the range of 214-249 kg/ps.h with the feed rates of 520 and 780 kg/h, and it was not affected by both the sheaf size and the feed rate. At the feed rate of 1,040 kg/h, however, it decreased to as low as 171-174 kg/ps.h because of a sudden increase in power requirement. 8. The average power requirements of the engine were slightly higher than those of the thresher due to the slippage of flat belt between the thresher and engine. It appeared that power transmission from the engine to the thresher was maintained properly since slippages were moderately low with the range of 2.78 to 6.51% throughout the tests. 9. The specific fuel consumption of the engine (diesel 8PS) decreased as the feed rate increased. However, there was no significant reduction in specific fuel consumption as the feed rate increased above 780 kg/h.

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섬유기업 조직문화가 혁신역량과 사업성과에 미치는 영향 -기업규모에 따른 조절효과를 중심으로- (The Effects of Organizational Culture in the Textile Companies on Innovation Capacity and Business Performance - Focusing on Moderating Effects of Company Size -)

  • 여은아;박광희;김문영
    • 한국의류학회지
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.542-552
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    • 2008
  • The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of organizational culture of textile companies on innovation capacity and business performance and to confirm the moderating effect of company size on these relationships. Survey data collected from 147 practitioners in the textile companies were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, and multiple causal modeling using AMOS 6.0. In the model test result, all the hypothesized paths were significant in spite of low goodness of fit. Also, although difference was found in company innovativeness, no difference was indicated in innovation capacity and business performance according to company size. In addition, the smaller companies, the stronger effect of company innovativeness on innovation capacity that affected business performance. On the contrary, the larger companies, the stronger effect of participative decision making on innovation capacity that did not affect business performance. Study results may provide useful implications for practitioners who are interested in developing organizational culture appropriate for company size.

부산 주변 해역에서 채집된 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus)의 식성 (Feeding Habits of Todarodes pacificus (Cephalopods: Ommastrephidae) in the Coastal Waters of Busan, Korea)

  • 송혜진;백근욱;김수암;허성회
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2006
  • Analysis of stomach content for common squid was carried out to investigate the difference in seasonal and ontogenetic feeding behavior. Totals of 1368 common squid were collected monthly off Busan from September 2004 to August, 2005. Size range of common squid was 8.5-31.8 cm mantle length (ML) during the study period. Of the 1368 stomachs examined, 599 specimens (43.8%) were empty. Stomach contents indicated that common squid was carnivore: Large portion of stomach contents consisted of fish and mollusca (mainly common squid). The stomach contents index (SCI) seemed to increase with size, though there was no statistical difference between size classes significantly. Cannibalism was minimum in size range of 15-20 cm ML, but was steadily increased with size. Cephalopods were the major prey during spring and summer when common squid were small, but fish replaced it during autumn and winter when they became large.

New Bubble Size Distribution Model for Cryogenic High-speed Cavitating Flow

  • Ito, Yutaka;Tomitaka, Kazuhiro;Nagasaki, Takao
    • 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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    • pp.700-710
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    • 2008
  • A Bubble size distribution model has been developed for the numerical simulation of cryogenic high-speed cavitating flow of the turbo-pumps in the liquid fuel rocket engine. The new model is based on the previous one proposed by the authors, in which the bubble number density was solved as a function of bubble size at each grid point of the calculation domain by means of Eulerian framework with respect to the bubble size coordinate. In the previous model, the growth/decay of bubbles due to pressure difference between bubble and liquid was solved exactly based on Rayleigh-Plesset equation. However, the unsteady heat transfer between liquid and bubble, which controls the evaporation/condensation rate, was approximated by a theoretical solution of unsteady heat conduction under a constant temperature difference. In the present study, the unsteady temperature field in the liquid around a bubble is also solved exactly in order to establish an accurate and efficient numerical simulation code for cavitating flows. The growth/decay of a single bubble and growth of bubbles with nucleation were successfully simulated by the proposed model.

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노인가계 유형별 경제구조 분석 (Economic Structure Analysis According to Old Age Household Type)

  • 한수진;서지수
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.83-101
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    • 2008
  • This research performs a multi comparison between the age of old households and the economic structure according to accommodation type as well as analyzing the economical structural difference of each type based on the features of aged households. The paper classified aged households into 3 groups according to age distribution. The economic structure analysis according to the age of old households and accommodation type was shown as follow: First, the economical structural analysis based on the age of old households showed a statistical difference in the total, labor, business, property and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, the non-business income and liabilities did not show a significant difference. Second, in the analysis of different economic earnings and initial expenses of middle-aged households according to the age distribution group showed a disparity in the total, labor, business, property, and transfer income variables according to the age of each sample group. However, aged households showed a statistical difference in total, labor, business and transfer income variables. Third, in the analysis of difference in the expense provision and size of consumption, there was a statistical difference in the expense variables of total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication. Fourth, in the analysis of difference in the size of consumption expense, the initial and middle-aged households showed a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, communication, and consumption expense variables. However, the analysis of aged households has shown a statistical difference in the total consumption, food, dining out, electricity, water, furniture, kitchen supplies, clothing, shoe, education, culture, entertainment, transportation, and communication expense variables. The study found a statistical difference in the expense for hygienics that did not appear in the initial and middle-aged households.

체면민감성이 소비자의 브랜드 로고 사이즈 선택에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Face Sensitivity on Consumer's Choice of Luxury Product's Logo Size)

  • 조승호;조상훈
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.500-510
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 체면민감성이 명품브랜드의 로고 사이즈 선택에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 이 연구를 수행하기 위해, 루이비통과 가격이 좀 더 저렴한 코론을 명품 브랜드로 선정하였고, 각 브랜드마다, 형태, 색상, 크기 등 외관상 구별이 되지 않는 제품에 세 가지 유형의 로고를 설계하였다. 첫 번째 종류의 제품에는 로고가 없으며, 두 번째 종류의 제품에는 사이즈가 작은 로고를, 세 번째 종류의 제품에는 사이즈가 큰 로고를 부착하였다. 본 실험에 총 115명이 참여하였으며, 참가자들은 20대로 구성되었다. 연구의 주요 결과로 루이비통의 경우 창피의식성 체면과 타인의식성 체면이 브랜드 상표 사이즈 선택에 영향을 주었으며, 코론의 경우도 창피의식성 체면과 타인의식성 체면이 브랜드 사이즈 선택에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 더불어 남 녀 간 체면민감성 차이는 없었고, 루이비통의 로고사이즈 선택에서 유의한 차이가 있었다.

심실중격결손의 크기 측정에 있어서 술전 검사의 의의 (Significance of the Preoperative Examinations in Predicting the Defect Size of Ventricular Septal Defect)

  • 김근;장봉현;이종태;김규태;이상범
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.289-295
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    • 1992
  • We evaluated the correlationship between the predicted defect size at preoperative examination and the actual defect size at operation room, by examining 69 cases of ventricular septal defect operated at the deparment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular surgery, Kyungpook University Hospital from January 1988 to December 1990. We excluded cases associated with other cardiac anomalies. Of the 69 cases, 39 are male and 30 female, forming 1.3:1 sex ratio in males favor. Their age range from 6 months to 16 year, and 4.3 on the average Their body weights are from 6 to 45kg and 15 on the average. According to Soto`s classification, perimembranous type costitutes 42 cases[61%], doubly committed subarterial type 23 cases[33%], and muscular type 4 cases[6%]. The average diameter of defect size is 8.0$\pm$3.5mm measured in 2D-echocardiogram, 5.6$\pm$3.4mm in angiogram, and 7.4$\pm$4.4mm in operative field. There is statistically significant correlation between the size from 2D-echocardiogram and actual defect size[p=0.001], and no significant difference between the two. Especially in the cases without anurysmal formation, they are nearly the same. Cardiothoracic ratio, pulmonary to systemic flow ratio, pressure ratio and resistance ratio also have statistically significant correlation. Main pumonary artery to descending aorta diameter ratio is correlated with the actual defect size. There is statistically significant correlation between the size from angiogram and actual defect size with some difference.

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레일리 감쇄 채널에서 차분 문턱간 검정을 쓴 M진 주파수 편이 변조 신호검파 (Detection of M-FSK Signals with Difference Threshold Test in Rayleigh Fading Channels)

  • 김홍직;강현구;김선용;권형문;방만원;송익호
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제30권10C호
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    • pp.999-1006
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    • 2005
  • 차분 문턱값 검정에서는 (difference threshold test: DTT) 에너지 검파기 출력들 가운데 가장 큰 출력과 둘째로 큰 출력의 차이가 문턱값을 넘지 않으면 심벌을 잃음으로 본다. 변조 크기와 다양성 차수가 유한하면, M진 주파수 편이 신호를 검파할 때 차분 문턱값 검정이 비율 문턱값 검정보다 (ratio threshold test: RTT) 성능이 좋다는 것을 보이고, 변조 크기와 다양성 차수가 무한히 클 때의 점근 성능을 알아본다. 차분 문턱값 검정을 쓰거나 비율 문턱값 검정을 쓰거나 잘못 없이 통신할 수 있는 가장 작은 신호대잡음비는 같다는 것을 보인다.

조립입자 침강속도에 대한 실험적 관찰 및 비교분석 (Experimental Observation of the Settling Velocity of Coarse Particles and Comparative Analysis)

  • 손무락;장병식
    • 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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    • 제16권10호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2015
  • 본 논문에서는 물속에서의 조립입자 침강속도에 대한 특성을 파악하기 위해 다양한 재료 및 입자크기에 대한 실험적 관찰을 수행하고 그 결과들을 재료별로 비교함과 더불어 기존에 발표된 입자침강속도 예측을 위한 경험식들과 상호비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 폴리아세탈, 유리 및 스틸의 세 가지 서로 다른 재료 및 크기로 구성된 구모양의 입자를 이용하였으며, 입자의 직경은 1mm에서 20mm까지 다양한 직경을 고려하였다. 실험결과, 조립입자의 침강속도는 아주 작은 크기(약 $50{\mu}m$ 이하)의 입자에만 적용된다고 알려진 Stokes 식과는 상당한 차이를 나타냈으며, 또한 입자의 크기에 관계없이 침강속도를 예측하는 다른 연구자들의 경험식들과도 입자의 크기 및 재료의 종류(밀도)에 따라 서로 상이한 결과를 나타냈다. 실험에서 관찰된 조립입자의 침강속도는 재료의 종류에 관계없이 입자의 크기가 상대적으로 작을 때는(약 3mm 이하) 기존의 입자 침강속도에 대한 경험식들과 유사하였으나 그 이상에서는 입자의 크기가 증가할수록 기존 경험식들과의 차이도 더 크게 발생하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 조립입자의 침강속도는 입자의 크기 및 재료밀도에 따라 상당한 차이가 발생할 수 있다는 것을 알았으며 기존 경험식들은 실제로 발생하는 조립입자의 침강속도를 잘 예측하지 못해 향후 조립입자의 침강속도를 예측하기 위해 기존 경험식들을 있는 그대로 적용하지는 말아야 하고 실험 등을 통해 검증 및 확인하는 과정이 반드시 필요하다는 것을 파악하였다. 본 연구결과는 향후 물속에서의 조립입자의 침강속도를 이해하는 데 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.