• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.375-383
• /
• 2021

We present a simulation method to design antireflection coating (ARCs) for fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Using a finite-element method, the absorptance of the nanowire is calculated for a defined unit-cell structure consisting of a fiber, ARC layer, nanowire absorber, distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror, and air gap. We develop a method to evaluate the uncertainty in absorptance due to the uncontrollable parameter of air-gap distance. The validity of the simulation method is tested by comparison to an experimental realization for a case of single-layer ARC, which results in good agreement. We show finally a double-layer ARC design optimized for a system detection efficiency of higher than 95%, with a reduced uncertainty due to the air-gap distance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권5호
• /
• pp.1747-1753
• /
• 2022

Compton imaging is the main method for locating radioactive hot spots emitting high-energy gamma-ray photons. In particular, this imaging method is crucial when the photon energy is too high for coded-mask aperture imaging methods to be effective or when a large field of view is required. Reconstruction of the photon source requires advanced Compton event processing algorithms to determine the exact position of the source. In this study, we introduce a novel method based on a Deep Learning algorithm with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform Compton imaging. This algorithm is trained on simulated data and tested on real data acquired with Caliste, a single planar CdTe pixelated detector. We show that performance in terms of source location accuracy is equivalent to state-of-the-art algorithms, while computation time is significantly reduced and sensitivity is improved by a factor of ~5 in the Caliste configuration.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제49권1호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2024

Background: The gamma emission tomography (GET) device has been reported a reliable technique to inspect partial defects within spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of pin-by-pin level. However, the existing GET devices have low accuracy owing to the high attenuation and scatter probability for SNF inspection condition. The purpose of this study is to design and optimize a Yonsei single-photon emission computed tomography version 2 (YSECT.v.2) for fast inspection of SNF in water storage by acquisition of high-quality tomographic images. Materials and Methods: Using Geant4 (Geant4 Collaboration) and DETECT-2000 (Glenn F. Knoll et al.) Monte Carlo simulation, the geometrical structure of the proposed device was determined and its performance was evaluated for the ¹³⁷Cs source in water. In a Geant4-based assessment, proposed device was compared with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-authenticated device for the quality of tomographic images obtained for 12 fuel sources in a 14 × 14 Westinghouse-type fuel assembly. Results and Discussion: According to the results, the length, slit width, and septal width of the collimator were determined to be 65, 2.1, and 1.5 mm, respectively, and the material and length of the trapezoidal-shaped scintillator were determined to be gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet and 45 mm, respectively. Based on the results of performance comparison between the YSECT.v.2 and IAEA's device, the proposed device showed 200 times higher performance in gamma-detection sensitivity and similar source discrimination probability. Conclusion: In this study, we optimally designed the GET device for improving the SNF inspection accuracy and evaluated its performance. Our results show that the YSECT.v.2 device could be employed for SNF inspection.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1989년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
• /
• pp.512-514
• /
• 1989

A time-correlated single photon counting system combined with a mode locked $Ar^+$ laser has been utilized to measure the fluorescence decay. A side-on type photomultiplier tube has been used as a photon detector. By restricting the sensitive area and the position of the photocathode, the transit time differencies of photoelectrons in PMT has been reduced. The fluorescence life time of rhodamin 6G in ethylene glycol measured 3.9$\pm$10 ns.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.18-24
• /
• 2004

Single Photon Emission CT(SPECT)기술은 산업의 비접촉 계측 시스템 분야에 있어서 단층 영상을 얻는데 이용되고 있다. 재구성된 영상의 화질이 왜곡되는 문제점의 하나는 시준기 특성에 있다. 영상 왜곡은 시준기의 기하학적 구조에 원인이 있다. 본 논문은 시준기의 구조로 인한 영상 왜곡을 제거하는 보정법을 제시하고 기존의 보정법과 비교하였다. 보정법은 투영 데이터를 공간 주파수상에서 위치 의존적 왜곡 함수로 디콘볼루션 하여 영상 왜곡을 제거하였다. 본 논문에서 시준기의 각도, 검출기와 물체 중심의 거리에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 하고, 실험을 통하여 검증하였다. 실제산업에서의 응용을 고려하여 보정법의 유효성 및 한계를 검토하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2000

In the 1980s, techniques to image the human subjects in a three-dimensional direction were developed. Two major techniques are SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) which allow the detector to detect a single photon or annihilation photons emitted from the subjects injected with radiopharmaceuticals. Since the latter two techniques can measure the density of receptors, enzymes and transporters in living human, it may be very important project to develop selective methods of labeling with radionuclides and to develop new radiopharmaceuticals. There has been a considerable interest in developing new compounds which specifically bind to dopamine and serotonin receptor and transporters, and it will be thus very useful to label those compounds with radionuclides in order to gain a better understanding in biochemical and pharmacological interactions in living human. This review mentions the characteristics of radioligands for the imaging of dopamine and serotonin receptors and transporters. Although significant progress has been achieved in the development of new PET and SPECT ligands for in vivo imaging of those receptors and transporters, there are continuous needs of new diagnostic radioligands.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 1994

모드록킹된 피코초 레이저, 고속전자장치, 전자관형 광증배관 등을 사용하여, 피코초 분해능을 갖는 시간상관 단광자 계수 장치 및 시분해 스펙트럼 측정 장치를 제작하였다. 기기감음함수는 레이저의 펄스모양, 고속전자장치의 timing jitter 및 walk, 광증배관과 증폭기의 특성에 민감함을 보여주었다. 광학계의 분산등을 보정하여 25 ps의 반치폭을 갖는 기기감응함수를 얻었으며, 이와 같은 결과는 이 장치를 사용할 경우 deconvolution을 통하여 10 ps 이하의 분해능으로 피코초에서 마이크로초의 넓은 범위에 걸쳐서 여기상태 소멸시간의 측정이 가능함을 보여준다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.457-464
• /
• 2000

In this paper, we describe the results of various calculations performed for a design of the thickness gauges that use the gamma-ray backscattering method. The radiation source is assumed to be the $_{24}$1Am(60keV gamma-ray) and the detector is a single crystal scintillator in a cylindrical form. The source is located at the center of the detector with the collimator of a cylindrical shape. First, when gamma-rays are incident on a material with a constant angle, we compute the variations of the spectrum for the photons scattered into different angular intervals. Next, we compute for an optimal size for the collimator cylinder for a fixed detector size and an optimal distance from the detector to the material. Finally, we compute the number of observed photons for different thickness of two different materials, a plastic film and an Al foil.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 1997

This paper presents an optimal design for the SPECT reconstruction filter, based on a physical limit of SPECT lesion detection capability. To increase the performance of the filter on lesion detectability, the filter design was focused on increasing the local SyW ratio of a threshold lesion, that was determined by minimum detectable lesion size (MDU) from SPECT lesion detectabllity contrast-detail curve. The proposed filter showed flexible window characteristics of resolution recovery and noise smoothing for MDLSs in the resolution-limited and photon-limited regions, respectively, compennting for the relative impact of the main limitation factors on threshold detectability. The simulated results showed good adaptability of the proposed filter to the changes in physical parameters of photon counts, object contrast, and detector system resolution.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권10호
• /
• pp.2346-2352
• /
• 2020

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the noninvasive method to diagnose osteoporosis disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. Many global companies and research groups have developed the various DXA detectors using a direct photon-counting detector such as a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) sensor. However, this approach using CZT sensor has some drawback such as the limitation of scalability by high cost and the loss of efficiency due to the requirement of a thin detector. In this study, a SiPM based DXA system was developed and its performance evaluated experimentally. The DXA detector was composed of a SiPM sensor coupled with a single LYSO scintillation crystal (3 × 3 × 2 ㎣). The prototype DXA detector was mounted on the dedicated front-end circuit consisting of a voltage-sensitive preamplifier, pulse shaping amplifier and constant fraction discriminator (CFD) circuit. The SiPM based DXA detector showed the 34% (at 59 keV) energy resolution with good BMD accuracy. The proposed SiPM based DXA detector showed the performance comparable to the conventional DXA detector based on CZT.