• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

This study is aimed to reflect the current status survey, analysis and response of 10 railway stations using geographical names in one of 19 stations located on Gyeongbu, Honam and Chungbuk line. Most railway stations in the study have shown normal images that are close to the standard type by selecting similar building materials rather than reflecting geographical features. Aside from the shape of the traditional Korean house in Cheongju, almost all newly constructed stations tend to incorporate light gray plating material on their modern exterior to produce Family look design as a railroad station. According to a survey of the sensitivity of the station's name, Osong Station was 73.6 percent, Gyeryong Station 67.3 percent, Heukseok-ri Station was 64.5 percent, Shintan-jin 62.6 percent, and Yeonsan Station 57 percent, more than half. Therefore, the results of the five stations were presented as a calculation and proposed design release focusing on the facades of each station. Each of these stations suggested a way to express the facade design image, considering the railway operation status of Korea Railroad, the area of the station and other surroundings.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.342-345
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• 2010

The purpose of current study was to examine bioaccessibility of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in each part of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.). In vitro biomimicking system simulated human digestive fluid was employed in order to measure bioavailable anti-oxidative effect and phenolic content. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was measured by using the DPPH method and the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, respectively. Stem of water spinach had a higher DPPH free radical scavenging effect (5.43 mg/mL for $IC_{50}$) than leaf (5.95 mg/mL for $IC_{50}$), while leaf had a greater level of total phenolic content (287.45 ${\mu}g$ GAE/mL) than stem (216.45 ${\mu}g$ GAE/mL). Bioaccessible antioxidant capacity and digestive stability of total phenolic content showed a similar pattern to what found in raw materials. Our result also indicated that total phenolic content was not found to be a major marker for prediction of antioxidant activity. It is plausible that other constituents such as vitamin E and C in water spinach could be contributors for antioxidant activities.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.58-68
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• 2018

A neuromorphic hardware that mimics biological perceptions and has a path toward human-level artificial intelligence (AI) was developed. In contrast with software-based AI using a conventional Von Neumann computer architecture, neuromorphic hardware-based AI has a power-efficient operation with simultaneous memorization and calculation, which is the operation method of the human brain. For an ideal neuromorphic device similar to the human brain, many technical huddles should be overcome; for example, new materials and structures for the synapses and neurons, an ultra-high density integration process, and neuromorphic modeling should be developed, and a better biological understanding of learning, memory, and cognition of the brain should be achieved. In this paper, studies attempting to overcome the limitations of next-generation neuromorphic hardware technologies are reviewed.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2019

In this study, a scientific survey on the material of the mother-of-pearl floor mirror was conducted and conservation treatment processes were introduced. The survey results showed that the mother-of-pearl floor mirror in Daejojeon Hall of Changdeokgung is made of Dalbergia spp., and repair work seems to be done later with shorea spp. FT-IR analysis results showed that the varnishing is similar to the spectrum of lacquer. The metal wheels and metal line decorations set with mother-of-pearl were found to be made of brass based on XRF analysis, and the ingredient ratio showed that these were made in modern times. Foreign materials were stuck on the surface of the mother-of-pearl floor mirror before conservation treatment, which was in a structurally unstable condition owing to some missing submaterials. Conservation treatment was conducted on the damaged area to restore the mirror to its original appearance by using the same species of wood determined from the data obtained through the scientific survey.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.245-253
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• 2019

The studies on the applications of waste materials in concrete have been increased in Iraq since 2003. In this research, rubber wastes that resulting from scrapped tires was added to concrete mix with presence of superplasticizer. The mechanical properties of concrete and workability of concrete mixes were studied. The used rubber were ranging in size from (2-4) mm with addition percentages of (0.1% and 0.2%) by volume of concrete. The results of mechanical properties of concrete show that rubber enhance the ductility, and compressive and tensile strength compared to concrete without it. Also, the flexural behavior of hybrid strength concrete beams (due to using rubber at the bottom or top layer of section) was investigated. The rubber concrete located at bottom layer gives higher values of ultimate loads and deflections compared to the beam with top layer. A similar response to fiber concrete beam (all section contains 0.1% rubber) was recognized. Finite element modeling in three dimensions was carried for the tested beams using ABAQUS software. The ultimate loads and deflection obtained from experimental and finite elements are in good agreements with average difference of 8% in ultimate load and 20% in ultimate deflection.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.21
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• pp.271-288
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• 2010

In their everyday life, people form social phenomena and relations through the shapes and habits of animals. Therefore, animals contain the idea of the way of life of certain nations, spiritual and cultural feelings, and the symbolic meaning which can be recognized between the members of the unique nation. The symbolism of animals varies depending on different nations, because the adages are the essence of the language including their culture, thought, custom, and life. Examining their own adages can be one of the ways to find out what the animals symbolize in different nations. Another reason is that they are the dictionaries, reflecting their own way of thinking and traditional values, so to speak. The research shows that, between Korean and Chinese adages, it is in a similar frequency, using materials such as mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles, and insects. The adages are focused on the 12 animals which is familiar to both nations, a rat, an ox, a tiger, a rabbit, a dragon, a snake, a horse, a lamb, a monkey, a rooster, a dog and a boar. We compared the symbolism, the surface meanings in adages, and the figurative meanings of these animals in Korea and China. As a result, it is found that some are almost the same in usage. However, some are totally different such as expressions related to the animals, the cultural differences and clear understanding. It is necessary to do comparative researches in a detailed and various way by studying the issues derived from verbalism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.105-110
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• 2018

A concrete docking hose of pump car's boom pipe line have been used in many construction sites. They are long structures with continuous cornering, similar to a trunk of the elephant, characterized by a very high pressure resistance of 20MPa. They need flexible materials and structure in order to move the hose smoothy. But commercial concrete hose is hard to handle and heavy owing to adaption of steel reinforcement. In this study, it is tried an experimental approach to the characteristic of inner rubber layer and abrasion resistance. Also, we are investigated the bursting pressure according to the reinforcement of the hose and propose the usefulness of the hose reinforced with high strengthened aramid fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.71-76
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• 2019

The diffusion of the drug component of the inflammatory patch into the living tissue was analyzed by laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Calcium element, which is a diffusion catalyst of the drug in the inflammatory analgesic patch, is transferred into the body through the diffusion process of the substance. The test pieces used in the experiment are pig skin tissues which are similar to human skin. As a result, the diffusion coefficient D of the calcium element was found to be average $8.24{\times}10^{-2}({\mu}m^2/s)$. Experimental results showed that the most influential factors on the diffusion of materials were temperature variables.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.232-238
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• 2019

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to investigate simulated localized and generalized wear of indirect composite resins used for implant supported provisional restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study investigated ten indirect composite resins. Two kinds of wear were simulated by 400,000 cycles in a Leinfelder-Suzuki (Alabama) machine. Localized wear was simulated with a stainless-steel ball bearing antagonist and generalized with a flat-ended stainless-steel cylinder antagonist. The tests were carried out in water slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Wear was measured using a Proscan 2100 noncontact profilometer in conjunction with Proscan and AnSur 3D software. RESULTS. Both localized and generalized wear were significantly different (P<.05) among the indirect composite resins. SR Nexco and Gradia Plus showed significantly less wear than the other indirect composite resins. The rank order of wear was same in both types of wear simulation. CONCLUSION. Indirect composite resins are recommended when a provisional implant-supported restoration is required to function in place over a long period. Although only some indirect composite resins showed similar wear resistance to CAD/CAM composite resins, the wear resistance of all the indirect composite resins was higher than that of bis-acryl base provisional and polymethyl methacrylate resins.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2019

Many in vitro developmental toxicity assays have been proposed over several decades. Since the late 1980s, we have made intermittent attempts to introduce in vitro assays as screening tests for developmental toxicity of inhouse candidate products. Two cell-based assays which were developed two decades apart were intensively studied. One was an assay of inhibitory effects on mouse ascites tumor cell attachment to a concanavalin A-coated plastic sheet surface (MOT assay), which we studied in the early days of assay development. The other was an assay of inhibitory effects on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to beating heart cells (EST assay), which we assessed more recently. We evaluated the suitability of the assays for screening in-house candidates. The concordance rates with in vivo developmental toxicity were at the 60% level. The EST assay classified chemicals that inhibited cell proliferation as embryo-toxic. Both assays had a significant false positive rate. The assays were generally considered unsuitable for screening the developmental toxicity of our candidate compounds. Recent test systems adopt advanced technologies. Despite such evolution of materials and methods, the concordance rates of the EST and MOT systems were similar. This may suggest that the fundamental predictivity of in vitro developmental toxicity assays has remained basically unchanged for decades. To improve their predictivity, in vitro developmental toxicity assays should be strictly based on elucidated pathogenetic mechanisms of developmental toxicity.