• BMB Reports
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.415-434
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• 2008

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C is an effector molecule in the signal transduction process. It generates two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Currently, thirteen mammal PLC isozymes have been identified, and they are divided into six groups: PLC-$\beta$, -$\gamma$, -$\delta$, -$\varepsilon$, -$\zeta$ and -$\eta$. Sequence analysis studies demonstrated that each isozyme has more than one alternative splicing variant. PLC isozymes contain the X and Y domains that are responsible for catalytic activity. Several other domains including the PH domain, the C2 domain and EF hand motifs are involved in various biological functions of PLC isozymes as signaling proteins. The distribution of PLC isozymes is tissue and organ specific. Recent studies on isolated cells and knockout mice depleted of PLC isozymes have revealed their distinct phenotypes. Given the specificity in distribution and cellular localization, it is clear that each PLC isozyme bears a unique function in the modulation of physiological responses. In this review, we discuss the structural organization, enzymatic properties and molecular diversity of PLC splicing variants and study functional and physiological roles of each isozyme.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1057-1064
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• 2013

p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) can integrate nutrient and growth factor signals to promote cell growth and survival. We report our molecular characterization of the complementary DNA (cDNA) that encodes the goat p70S6K gene 40S ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) (GenBank accession GU144017) and its 3' noncoding sequence in Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats (Capra hircus). Goat S6K1 cDNA was 2,272 bp and include an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,578 bp, corresponding to a polypeptide of 525 amino acids, and a 694-residue 3' noncoding sequence with a polyadenylation signal at nucleotides 2,218 to 2,223. The relative abundance of S6K1 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR in 6 tissues, and p70S6K expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in heart and testis. The phosphorylation of p70S6K is regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in fetal fibroblasts.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1644-1650
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• 2013

Ribosomal protein (rp) S6 is the substrate of ribosomal protein S6K (S6 kinase) and is involved in protein synthesis by mTOR/S6K/S6 signaling pathway. Some S6 cDNA have been cloned in mammals in recent years but has not been identified in the goat. To facilitate such studies, we cloned the cDNA encoding Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) S6 (GenBank accession GU131122) and then detected mRNA expression in seven tissues by real time PCR and protein expression in testis tissue by immunohistochemisty. Sequence analysis indicated that the obtained goat S6 was a 808 bp product, including a 3' untranslated region of 58 bp and an open reading frame of 750 bp which predicted a protein of 249 amino acids. The predicted amino acid sequence was highly homologous to cattle, human, mouse and rat S6. Expression analysis indicated S6 mRNA was expressed extensively in detected tissues and S6 protein was expressed in testis tissue.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.264-270
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• 2014

This paper introduces a novel repetitive delivery scheme for the left and right views in service-compatible (SC) 3D video that provides full backward compatibility to a legacy DTV system while retaining HD 3D visual quality without additional bandwidth or a codec over the legacy broadcasting channel. The proposed SC delivery scheme transmits individual view sequences of a 3D video in interlaced form, that is, a left-view sequence of a 3DTV program to be used repeatedly is transmitted first and stored locally, and the right-view sequence of the 3D program is then transmitted. This paper specifically describes the signaling, synchronization, and storage format methods used to validate the proposed SC delivery scheme. The experiment results show that the proposed SC delivery scheme can be effectively applied for an SC 3DTV service without degrading the DTV quality using only legacy DTV platforms.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.43 no.4 s.136
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• pp.149-156
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• 2005

Four hundred and sixty five randomly selected clones from a cDNA library of Blattella germanica were partially sequenced and searched using BLAST as a means of analyzing the transcribed sequences of its genome. A total of 363 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from 465 clones after editing and trimming the vector and ambiguous sequences. About $42\%$ (154/363) of these clones showed significant homology with other data base registered genes. These new B. germanica genes constituted a broad range of transcripts distributed among ribosomal proteins, energy metabolism, allergens, proteases, protease inhibitors, enzymes, translation, cell signaling path-ways, and proteins of unknown function. Eighty clones were not well-matched by database searches, and these rep-resent new B. germanica-specific ESTs. Some genes which drew our attention are discussed. The information obtained increases our understanding of the B. germanica genome.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

A tomato zinc-finger protein gene, LeZFP1, encoding the Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger transcription factor was searched from cDNA microarray analysis of gene expression following induction of the overexpressed tomato transgenic plants showing resistance for pathogen and abiotic stresses. The full-length cDNA of LeZFP1 encoded a protein of 261 amino acid residues. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of LeZFP1 revealed that it shares high sequence identity with pepper CAZFP1 (81% identity). We found that single copy of LeZFP1 gene is present in the tomato genome through southern blot analysis. The LeZFP1 transcripts were constitutively expressed in the tomato mature and young leaves, but were detectable weakly in the flower, stem and root. The LeZFP1 transcripts were significantly reduced in treated leaf tissues with NaCl and mannitol. The LeZFP1 gene was induced by oxidative stress especially. Our results indicated that LeZFP1 may play a role function involved in oxidative stress signaling pathways.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.301-304
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• 2005

S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine(SAM) has an important role for DNA methylation and cell signaling. SAM was synthesized from methionine and ATP by SAM synthetase and play an pivotal function in the primary and secondary metabolism of cells. Recent studies have revealed in the effect of SAM in case of morphological differentiation in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. We isolated SAM gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cloned it into expression vector for E. coli respectively. An 1.15 kb SAM-s gene fragment was isolated by Low-strigency PCR using ORF primer. By the analysed primary sequence deduced from DNA sequence, this gene included conserved domains similar with other well-known SAM synthetase. First of all, SAM synthetase gene cloned pGEM-T vector and subcloned into histidine tagging system to purify the expressed protein using metal chelating resin. Typical characteristic analysis of this enzyme is underway.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1700-1706
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• 2016

To improve the number of simultaneous transmissions of machine-to-machine traffic in a spread spectrum ALOHA channel, we propose a new spreading technique called doubly truncated cyclic code shift keying (DTCCSK). By truncating the codeset of cyclic code shift keying, DTCCSK freely adjusts the spreading factor and the symbol length. As a result, DTCCSK exhibits both a high spectral efficiency of M-ary signaling and low implementation complexity of a direct sequence.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.23 no.9A
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• pp.2141-2152
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• 1998

In this paper, we design and implement an indoor wireless modem using small signal of ISM band regulation, which can tranceive reliable data streams. We use direct sequence spead spectrum (DS-SS) signaling with synchronous BPSK and QPSK modulation, convolutional coding with viterbi decoding. The radio frequency module uses frequency devision duplexing in 900 MHz band, and the digital module is implemented with FPGAs for the purpose fo ASIC design. The perfomrance of our own acquistion and tracking circuit consisting digital matched filter and decision logic is proved by experiments, and the possibility of file transfer at indoor environment with the entrie system that the modem is connected the PC through RS-232C port is verified.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2022

Cyclophilins (CYPs) are highly conserved ubiquitous proteins belong to the peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) superfamily. These proteins are present in a wide range of organisms; they contain a highly conserved peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase domain. A comprehensive database survey identified a total of 35 genes localized in all cellular compartments of Solanum lycopersicum L., but largely in the cytosol. Sequence alignment and conserved motif analyses of the SlCYP proteins revealed a highly conserved CLD motif. Evolutionary analysis predicted the clustering of a large number of gene pairs with high sequence similarity. Expression analysis using the RNA-Seq data showed that the majority of the SlCYP genes were highly expressed in mature leaves and blooming flowers, compared with their expression in other organs. This study provides a basis for the functional characterization of individual CYP genes in the future to elucidate their role(s) in protein refolding and long-distance signaling in tomatoes and in plant biology, in general.