• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• 제45권6호
• /
• pp.534-540
• /
• 2007

The Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) genome contains six operons (rrnA to F) for ribosomal RNA synthesis. Transcription from rrnD occurs from four promoters (p1 to p4). We found that transcripts from the p1 and p3 promoters were most abundant in vivo in the early exponential phase. However, at later phases of exponential and stationary growth, transcripts from the p1 promoter decreased drastically, with the p3 and p4 transcripts constituting the major forms. Partially purified RNA polymerase supported transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, whereas pure reconstituted RNA polymerase with core enzyme (E) and the major vegetative sigma factor ${\sigma}^{HrdB}$ ($E{\cdot}{\sigma}^{HrdB}$) did not. In order to assess any potential requirement for additional factor(s) that allow transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, we fractionated a partially purified RNA polymerase preparation by denaturing gel filtration chromatography. We found that transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters required factor(s) of about 30-35 kDa in addition to RNAP holoenzyme ($E{\cdot}{\sigma}^{HrdB}$). Therefore, transcription from the p3 and p4 promoters, which contain a consensus -10 region but no -35 for ${\sigma}^{HrdB}$ recognition, are likely to be regulated by transcription factor(s) that modulate RNA polymerase holoenzyme activity in S. coelicolor.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.993-1005
• /
• 2008

Let {$X,\;X_n;n{\geq}1$} be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. Set $S_n=X_1+X_2+{\cdots}+X_n,\;M_n=\max_{k{\leq}n}|S_k|,\;n{\geq}1$. Then we obtain that for any -1$\lim\limits_{{\varepsilon}{\searrow}0}\;{\varepsilon}^{2b+2}\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty\;{\frac {(log\;n)^b}{n^{3/2}}\;E\{M_n-{\varepsilon}{\sigma}\sqrt{n\;log\;n\}+=\frac{2\sigma}{(b+1)(2b+3)}\;E|N|^{2b+3}\sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty\;{\frac{(-1)^k}{(2k+1)^{2b+3}$ if and only if EX=0 and $EX^2={\sigma}^2<{\infty}$.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제34권6_3호
• /
• pp.1457-1468
• /
• 2018

후방산란계수(${\sigma}^0$) 방정식은 지상표적 탐지, 토지피복 분류, 해상풍 산출, 토양 수분함량 예측 등 Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) 영상의 활용을 위해 영상으로부터 지구물리적인 특성을 예측하는 과정에서 요구되는 필수 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 최종 업데이트된 SAR 프로세서와 절대방사보정의 특성을 반영하는 Kompsat-5 (K5)의 Radar Cross Section(RCS) 및 ${\sigma}^0$ 방정식을 제시하고 이를 검증하여 K5 SAR 영상의 활용도를 높이고자 한다. 우선, K5 RCS 방정식을 산출하고 이의 정밀도를 몽골의 검보정 사이트에 설치되어 있는 삼면판 반사기를 이용하여 검증하였다. K5 Spotlight 및 Stripmap 모드의 다양한 빔 영상에 대해서 RCS 방정식을 이용하여 측정한 RCS 값과 K5 SAR 프로세서를 이용하여 관측한 표준 RCS 값을 비교하였을 때 평균 $0.2dBm^2$ 이하의 차이를 보였다. 레이더 방정식과 K5 RCS 방정식을 이용하여 유도한 K5 ${\sigma}^0$ 방정식에 대한 검증은 계절에 따른 후방 산란 특성의 변화가 적은 아마존 열대 우림의 TerraSAR-X(TSX) 및 Sentinel-1A(S-1A) SAR 영상에서 얻은 ${\sigma}^0$과 비교하여 수행하였다. TSX/S-1A 대비 K5 ${\sigma}^0$ 값의 차이는 최대 0.6 dB 이하였다. K5의 절대방사보정에 대한 요구 값이 2.0 dB($1{\sigma}$)을 감안하면 K5 RCS 방정식의 평균 $0.2dBm^2$ 이하의 오차와 K5 ${\sigma}^0$ 방정식의 최대 0.6 dB 이하의 오차는 제시한 방정식들의 정밀도 및 유효성이 높음을 입증하여 준다. 향후, 본 논문에서 제시한 K5 RCS 방정식과 K5 ${\sigma}^0$ 방정식을 이용하여 해상풍 산출 등 정량적인 분석이 가능한 활용을 통한 검증이 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.553-563
• /
• 2006

Let A be a bounded linear operator acting on a Hilbert space H. The B-Weyl spectrum of A is the set ${\sigma}_{B{\omega}}(A)$ of all ${\lambda}{\in}\mathbb{C}$ such that $A-{\lambda}I$ is not a B-Fredholm operator of index 0. Let E(A) be the set of all isolated eigenvalues of A. Recently in [6] Berkani showed that if A is a hyponormal operator, then A satisfies generalized Weyl's theorem ${\sigma}_{B{\omega}}(A)={\sigma}(A)$\E(A), and the B-Weyl spectrum ${\sigma}_{B{\omega}}(A)$ of A satisfies the spectral mapping theorem. In [51], H. Weyl proved that weyl's theorem holds for hermitian operators. Weyl's theorem has been extended from hermitian operators to hyponormal and Toeplitz operators [12], and to several classes of operators including semi-normal operators ([9], [10]). Recently W. Y. Lee [35] showed that Weyl's theorem holds for algebraically hyponormal operators. R. Curto and Y. M. Han [14] have extended Lee's results to algebraically paranormal operators. In [19] the authors showed that Weyl's theorem holds for algebraically p-hyponormal operators. As Berkani has shown in [5], if the generalized Weyl's theorem holds for A, then so does Weyl's theorem. In this paper all the above results are generalized by proving that generalizedWeyl's theorem holds for the case where A is an algebraically ($p,\;k$)-quasihyponormal or an algebarically paranormal operator which includes all the above mentioned operators.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.417-426
• /
• 2011

Let ${\mu}$ be a finite positive Borel measure on the unit ball $B{\subset}{\mathbb{C}}^n$ and ${\nu}$ be the Euclidean volume measure such that ${\nu}(B)=1$. For the unit sphere $S=\{z:{\mid}z{\mid}=1\}$, ${\sigma}$ is the rotation-invariant measure on S such that ${\sigma}(S) =1$. Let ${\mathcal{P}}[f]$ be the Poisson-$Szeg{\ddot{o}}$ integral of f and $\tilde{\mu}$ be the Berezin transform of ${\mu}$. In this paper, we show that if there is a constant M > 0 such that ${\int_B}{\mid}{\mathcal{P}}[f](z){\mid}^pd{\mu}(z){\leq}M{\int_B}{\mid}{\mathcal{P}}[f](z){\mid}^pd{\nu}(z)$ for all $f{\in}L^p(\sigma)$, then ${\parallel}{\tilde{\mu}}{\parallel}_{\infty}{\equiv}{\sup}_{z{\in}B}{\mid}{\tilde{\mu}}(z){\mid}<{\infty}$, and we show that if ${\parallel}{\tilde{\mu}{\parallel}_{\infty}<{\infty}$, then ${\int_B}{\mid}{\mathcal{P}}[f](z){\mid}^pd{\mu}(z){\leq}C{\mid}{\mid}{\tilde{\mu}}{\mid}{\mid}_{\infty}{\int_S}{\mid}f(\zeta){\mid}^pd{\sigma}(\zeta)$ for some constant C.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 1981

팔면체 [M(Ⅲ)$A_3B_3$]형태 착물의 쌍극자모멘트에 ${\pi}$결합 분자궤도함수의 기여분을 계산하는 방법을 발전시켰다. [M(Ⅲ) = Ti(Ⅲ), V(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅲ), Fe(Ⅲ), 또는 Co(Ⅲ); A = O 또는 N; B = N, S 또는 Cl] 쌍극자모멘트에 대한 ${\pi}$결합 분자궤도함수의 기여분은 ${\sigma}$결합 분자궤도함수의 기여분보다 작지만 비 편재화 ${\pi}$전자를 가지고 있는 킬레이트 착물에 까지도 무시할 수 없음이 발견되었다. 계산한 쌍극자모멘트가 ${\sigma}$결합 형성 만을 가정했을 때 보다 실험치에 가까웠다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.327-344
• /
• 2009

In this paper, we deal with the following system of nonlinear singular boundary value problems(BVPs) on time scale $\mathbb{T}$ $$\{{{{{{x^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangleup}(t)+f(t,\;y(t))=0,\;t{\in}(a,\;b)_{\mathbb{T}},}\atop{y^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangleup}(t)+g(t,\;x(t))=0,\;t{\in}(a,\;b)_{\mathbb{T}},}}\atop{\alpha_1x(a)-\beta_1x^{\bigtriangleup}(a)=\gamma_1x(\sigma(b))+\delta_1x^{\bigtriangleup}(\sigma(b))=0,}}\atop{\alpha_2y(a)-\beta_2y^{\bigtriangleup}(a)=\gamma_2y(\sigma(b))+\delta_2y^{\bigtriangleup}(\sigma(b))=0,}}$$ where $\alpha_i$, $\beta_i$, $\gamma_i\;{\geq}\;0$ and $\rho_i=\alpha_i\gamma_i(\sigma(b)-a)+\alpha_i\delta_i+\gamma_i\beta_i$ > 0(i = 1, 2), f(t, y) may be singular at t = a, y = 0, and g(t, x) may be singular at t = a. The arguments are based upon a fixed-point theorem for mappings that are decreasing with respect to a cone. We also obtain the analogous existence results for the related nonlinear systems $x^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + f(t, y(t)) = 0, $y^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + g(t, x(t)) = 0, $x^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + f(t, y(t)) = 0, $y^{\bigtriangleup\bigtriangledown}(t)$ + g(t, x(t)) = 0, and $x^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangleup}(t)$ + f(t, y(t)) = 0, $y^{\bigtriangledown\bigtriangleup}(t)$ + g(t, x(t)) = 0 satisfying similar boundary conditions.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.333-342
• /
• 2007

Suppose that ${\mu}$ is a finite positive Borel measure on the unit ball $B{\subset}C^n$. The boundary of B is the unit sphere $S=\{z:{\mid}z{\mid}=1\}$. Let ${\sigma}$ be the rotation-invariant measure on S such that ${\sigma}(S)=1$. In this paper, we will show that if $sup_{{\zeta}{\in}S}\;{\int}_{B}\;P(z,{\zeta})d{\mu}(z)$<${\infty}$ where $P(z,{\zeta})$ is the Poission-Szeg$\ddot{o}$ kernel for B, then ${\mu}$ is a Carleson measure. We will also show that if $sup_{{\zeta}{\in}S}\;{\int}_{B}\;P(z,{\zeta})d{\mu}(z)$<${\infty}$, then the operator T such that T(f) = P[f] is compact as a mapping from $L^p(\sigma)$ into $L^p(B,d{\mu})$.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.285-291
• /
• 2012

Let $M_n$ be the algebra of all complex $n{\times}n$ matrices and ${\phi}:M_n{\rightarrow}M_n$ a surjective map (not necessarily additive or multiplicative) satisfying one of the following equations: $${\det}({\phi}(A){\phi}(B)+{\phi}(X))={\det}(AB+X),\;A,B,X{\in}M_n,\\{\sigma}({\phi}(A){\phi}(B)+{\phi}(X))={\sigma}(AB+X),\;A,B,X{\in}M_n$$. Then it is an automorphism, where ${\sigma}(A)$ is the spectrum of $A{\in}M_n$. We also show that if $\mathfrak{A}$ be a standard operator algebra, $\mathfrak{B}$ is a unital Banach algebra with trivial center and if ${\phi}:\mathfrak{A}{\rightarrow}\mathfrak{B}$ is a multiplicative surjection preserving spectrum, then ${\phi}$ is an algebra isomorphism.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 1971

On the baisis of the calculations by the two centre Huckel method for sigma electron system, the electronic structure of the various aliphatic amines including ammonia, and the relationship between the observed $pK_b$ and the change in the sigma electronic energy, ${\Delta}E{\sigma}$ in the course of protonation are discussed. A parallelism is observed between the $pK_b$ and the calculated ${\Delta}E{\sigma}$ of the amines. Also, it is observed that the electron densities of hydrogen atom directly bonded to nitrogen of the amines, likewise have a linear relationship with the $pK_b$. Therefore, the basicity of the aliphatic amines may be estimated qualitatively by means of the two center Huckel method.