• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

This experiment was performed to observe morphological changes in rice leaf tissue caused by a successive UV-B radiation. Effect of UV-B radiation on the structural alteration of tissue was not visually found, however, Photosynthate containing phosphate was sharply reduced in proportion with an increase of UV-B radiation. Fundamental components of cuticle layer were being degraded after 6 h of UV-B radiation compared to the control. UV-B-induced mesophyll cell appeared altered because of water stress, the shape of chloroplast appeared to be considerably shrunk and chloroplast thylakoid membranes were severely destructed. Primary cell wall of UV-B-stressed tissue was entirely scattered or disappeared, and the secondary cell wall due to lignin synthesis and deposition resulted in being thickened, almost 2-times, compared with the control.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2010

Endosulfan degrading ability of Klebsiella oxytoca KE-8 immobilized by entrapment with activated carbon was examined. Endosulfan degradation by the immobilized bacterial strains on several different activated carbon based support materials was investigated. Based on results, activated carbon ($8\times30$ mesh) was chosen as a support material. The immobilized Klebsiella oxytoca KE-8 with the cell density of 4 mg $g^{-1}$ (dry weight) degraded 22.18 ug $ml^{-1}$ endosulfan within 5 days at pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ in batch shake flask cultures. Also, we an experimented recycle packed bed column mode and continuous packed bed column mode for endosulfan degradation. Under optimum operation condition, the immobilized cells in a laboratory scale pack bed column with support beads were able to degrade endosulfan completely in defined minimal salt medium at a maximum rate of 129.6 ug $ml^{-1}$ per day. Moreover, the endosulfan degradation activity could be demonstrated at $4^{\circ}C$ for one month without significant decrease in activity. Results of this study suggest that immobilized cells of Klebsiella oxytoca KE-8 might be applicable to endosulfan contaminated site.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2000

Sodium borate silicate glass of composition $10Na_2O-39B_2O_3-50SiO_2-CoO$ and $20Na_2O-14B_2O_3-65SiO_2-CoO$ were prepared by melting oxide mixtures in alumina crucible at $1210^{\circ}C$ in an electric furance in air for 2h, and then quenching in air. The dielectric behavior of the quenched glasses are the subject of the present work. Properties such as dielectric constant and resistivity as a function frequency and temperature are reported. From the dielectric spectra, the glass phase transition temperature has been found to decrease at a rate $Na_2O$ 20 mol% and the dielectric constants increase with increasing $Na_2O$ content. The frequency dependent resistivity response of glass exhibits a non-Debye type relaxation.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2009

In this paper, the key technologies of Navigation receiver for GNSS sensor station are presented as a development result of a GNSS ground station in ETRI. A wide-band antenna and RF/IF components and SW signal processing unit to cover the GPS and Galileo signals for GNSS receiver are developed and its performance is verified by using GPS live signal and GNSS RF signal simulator from SpirentTM. We also gather GIOVE-A signal by using H/W antenna and RF/IF units in IF-level as sampling frequency and bit number, 112MHz and 8bits, respectively by using the developed wide-band antenna and RF/IF components. Data acquisition is done by using commercial data acquisition device from National Instrument TM. The gathered data is fed into SW receiver to process Galileo E1 to verify Galileo signal processing by Galileo live signal from GIOVE-A.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.629-636
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• 2013

As a result of testing cream soup prepared by adding variable amounts of freeze-dried perilla leaves, the moisture content was lowest at 86.91 for the cream soup containing 20% perilla leaves, and the pH was highest at 7.26 for the control group. The brightness was highest at 78.08 for the control group not containing perilla leaves, and the redness was lowest at -12.73 for PS20. The redness increased significantly (p>0.001) with increasing amounts of perilla leaves. As the amount of perilla leaves increased, the viscosity of the cream soup decreased gradually. In terms of bacteria, no microorganism was found until day 1. The control group with 0% camellia leaves contained $4.5{\times}10^3$ CFU/mL on day 3 and all groups contained microorganisms on day 5. The control group showed the highest content of microorganisms at $3.1{\times}10^4$ CFU/mL; PS20 containing the largest amount of perilla leaves showed the lowest content of microorganisms on day 7 and on day 10. The DPPH free radical removal activity of cream soup increased significantly (p>0.001) with the increasing amount of perilla leaves. In the sensory test, the color was highest at 5.3 for PS15 containing 15% perilla leaves, and there was no significant difference compared to that of the 10% group. The group with the lowest color was PS20. The fragrance was also highest at 5.6 for PS15, and the taste and after-taste were highest for PS10 containing 10% perilla leaves. Overall, the preference was highest at 5.3 for PS15 and lowest at 3.6 for PS20, with the greatest content of perilla leaves. Considering these findings, the optimal content of perilla leaves in cream soup would be 10~15%. Adding more than 20% perilla leaves would make the soup less preferable to the control group not containing any perilla leaves.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2005

Cudrania tricuspidata Bereau (Moraceae) have been used for anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-hyper­tensive and anti-diabetic activities. In order to investigate the efficacy of antioxidant activity, the bio-activity guided fraction and isolation of Biologically active substance were performed. $H_{2}O,\;30\%,\;60\%,\;100%$ MeOH and acetone fractions were examined on the antioxidant activity by DPPH method. It was shown that $30\%,\;60\%,\;100\%$ MeOH fractions have sig­nificantly antioxidant activity. From $30\%$ MeOH fraction, two dihydroflavonoid glycosides dihydroquercetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glu­copyranoside (I), dihydrokaempferol 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (V) were isolated and $60\%$ MeOH fraction, six flavonoids including quercetin 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1\rightarrow6$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (II), quercetin 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (III), quercetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (IV), kaempferol 3-O-$\alpha$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1\rightarrow6$)-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (VI), kaempferol 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (VII), kaempferol 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (VIII) were isolated. To investigate the antioxidant activities of each compounds, we measured radical scavening activity with DPPH method and anti-lipid per­oxidative efficacy on low density lipoprotein (LDL) with TBARS assay. Four compounds of quercetin glycosides (I, II, III, IV) showed significant antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.244-254
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• 2009

The hypersensitive reaction (HR) is the most common plant defense reaction against pathogens. HR is produced during both host- and nonhost-incompatible interactions. Several reports suggest that similarities exist between host and nonhost resistances. We assayed the pattern of generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and scavenging enzyme activities during nonhost pathogen-plant interactions (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris/Capsicum annuum L.) and incompatible host pathogen-plant interactions (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race1/Capsicum annuum L.). Both ${O_2}^-\;and\;H_2O_2 $ accumulated much faster during nonhost resistance when compared to the host resistance. The scavenging enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were also different during the host- and nonhost-incompatible interactions. CAT activity was much higher during nonhost resistance, and several new isozymes of SOD and POX were detected during nonhost resistance when compared to the host resistance. Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was higher in host resistance than nonhost resistance during the early stages of infection. Interestingly, the nitric oxide (NO) radical accumulated equal amounts during both host and nonhost resistance at early stages of infection. Further studies are needed to determine the specific pathways underlying these differences between host and nonhost resistance responses.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.294-301
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• 2014

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important staple foods in Korea and the consumption of brown rice is increasing annually. The objective of this study is to investigate the physicochemical, hydration and textural properties related to eating quality of cooked brown rice by using glutinous, semi-glutinous, four non-glutinous and four colored varieties. The moisture, protein and total dietary fiber contents of brown rice are shown in the range of 11.1~12.6%, 6.6~8.7% and 6.28~12.40%, respectively. The amount of water uptakes for brown rice during the hydration has shown significant differences. The glutinous variety of Boseogchal indicate the highest water absorption levels by reaching $0.38gH_2O/g$. The hardness of hydration for Seolgaeng is distinctively lower than those of the other brown rice varieties. According to the textural characteristics of cooked brown rice when using the Tensipresser, the hardness of Boseogchal, Baegjinju and Seolgaeng all exhibit the lowest values out of ten varieties and the highest levels of adhesiveness.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2008

Cation exchange resin complex of amlodipine free base has been investigated to improve the stability and dissolution profile. The complex was prepared by reacting amlodipine solution with activated cation exchange resin, and amlodipine content in the complex was 31.6% calculated by HPLC determination. Its product was not physical mixture but the complex formed by ionic bond, which was identified by microscope system, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry. Each tablet containing amlodipine free base(I) and its complex(II) was prepared for the accelerated stability test ($40^{\circ}C$, 75%RH) and dissolution test in the pH 1.2 buffer solution and purified water media. Dissolution patterns of formulation II in both media were similar to those of $Norvasc^{(R)}$ tablet, but the pattern of formulation I in purified water was different. After 6 months storage under stability test, amlodipine content of formulation I, II and $Norvasc^{(R)}$ tablet were $99.3{\pm}1.2%,\;98.9{\pm}1.4%\;and\;83.9{\pm}3.4%$, respectively. While amlodipine free base was unstable at the condition, its complex was not only significantly stable, but also similar in the dissolution pattern. These results suggest the usefulness of complex as a stable carrier for amlodipine free base.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2010

Osteoporosis was traditionally defined by the occurrence of nontraumatic fractures, especially of the spine, in the setting of low bone mass. Bisphosphonates are an important group of therapeutic agents for the management of osteoporosis, as they inhibit bone resorption and increase bone density, thereby potentially decreasing fracture risk. Risedronate sodium is a bisphosphonate class used by oral formulation. In this study, risedronate was transdermally delivered by iontophoresis. Effects of polarity, pH, current density, and drug concentration were studied using a side-by-side diffusion cell including the hairless mice skin. In addition we studied effect of enhancers. The flux was evaluated by HPLC/UV system. The amount of transported drug under iontophoretic delivery was approximately 186 fold higher than that under passive delivery. Flux was proportional to the increase of drug concentration and current density. The flux was observed about 0.68mg/$cm^2$ when the amout of Propyleneglycol monolaurate (PGML) used 1% as enhancer. Results indicated that iontophoresis is an effective method for transdermal administration of risedronate sodium