• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.355-363
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• 2024

This study proposes a method for determining the optimal target size for an artillery range considering ballistics and environmental conditions. To this end, the size of the probable error of each type of ammunition and charge determined during shooting were considered, and the effect of the firing position and target terrain characteristics on the target size was analyzed. In conclusion, the size of the target increased as the range increased, and a larger target size was required for the DPICM than for the general high explosive. Accordingly, the optimal target size must be determined by considering various factors such as topographical characteristics, shooting position location, and shooting range safety standards.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2010

There are many researches related to a simulated shooting training system for replacing the real military and police shooting training. In this paper, we propose the point of impact from a simulated shooting target based on image processing instead of using a sensor based approach. The point of impact is extracted by analyzing the image extracted from the camera on the muzzle of a gun. The final shooting result is calculated by mapping the target and the coordinates of the point of impact. The recognition system is divided into recognizing the projection zone, extracting the point of impact on the projection zone, and calculating the shooting result from the point of impact. We find the vertices of the projection zone after converting the captured image to the binary image and extract the point of impact in it. We present the extracting process step by step and provide experiments to validate the results. The experiments show that exact vertices of the projection area and the point of impact are found and a conversion result for the final result is shown on the interface.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.58-63
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• 2016

The study examined the level of heavy metal contamination by dividing military rifle shooting ranges into the three areas, i.e firing, trajectory, and target. The target area was found to be contaminated at a level higher (Cu 845 mg/kg, Pb 30,487 mg/kg) than the Worrisome Level of Soil Contamination (hereinafter referred to as the “Worrisome Level”) The trajectory area was predicted to be free from contamination, but it did indicate contamination although it was pretty much lower (Cu 23 mg/kg, Pb 99 mg/kg) than Worrisome Level. This is attributed to the contamination spread when rearranging the soil of the target area during the maintenance of the shooting range. The firing area was also predicted to be free from heavy metal contamination, but the results analyzed indicated a contamination higher (Cu 201 mg/kg, Pb 2,286 mg/kg) than Worrisome Level. This is attributed to the fragments of the broken bullet scattering due to the pressure generated as the bullet leaves the muzzle. An examination of heavy metal contamination in the discharge area as well as gutters to prevent the intrusion of rain water from perimeter revealed a high level of contamination (Cu 298 mg/kg, Pb 6,497 mg/kg), which makes it necessary to take measures.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.367-388
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• 2007

Some of individuals working at various fields of security guard are given the legal right to use a gun to cope with expected risks and crimes. Not only in Korea but also throughout the world, a pistol is being used as a device for the workers of security guard such as the army, the police and intelligence agencies to keep the law and social order. A pistol, which is regarded as the last safety measure of security guard, is easy to carry but, because of its short barrel for high portability, its hit ratio and long-range shooting performance are much lower than ordinary guns. Despite such weak points, a pistol can be a great tool because of its high portability and if the users make steady efforts to improve their skills and, for this reason, it has been being used widely until now. National agency workers' pistol shooting skills depend on several important factors, but for the fast and accurate shooting, the mot important factor is how to aim at the target. Because it takes a relatively longer time to align the sight on the target, the change of the sight alignment method is expected to improve pistol shooting skills a lot. In Korea, however, most of national agency training centers teach the basic aiming method that crosses the foresight and the backsight and aligns the crossing to the target. That is, they teach the sight alignment method for fixed targets. Some agencies in Korea and foreign countries that have used guns more frequently and longer than us are teaching different sight alignment methods as well. Representative ones of them are aiming only with the foresight and pointing shooting. These aiming methods are expected to produce good results against moving targets. While the basic sight alignment method has to cross the foresight and the backsight and then to align the crossing to the target, so takes a longer time than other aiming methods, the other two aiming methods are expected to be effective in fields where both swiftness and accuracy are require. Because domestic agencies are teaching mainly the basic sight alignment method, the present study purposed to examine the effects of different aiming methods on shooting records and ultimately to contribute to national agency workers' operation. For this purpose, we selected 20 policemen from local police commandos under the National Police Agency who were accustomed to pistol shooting and measured their pistol shooting. According to the results, the pointed shooting method showed the best record in 5m short.range shooting. As to hit ratio in 15m shooting, which is relatively long.range for pistol shooting, the basic aiming method showed the best record, but the results of statistical analysis showed that pointed shooting is most superior. Of course, the results were obtained from a group who were used to and skillful in pistol shooting, but they are considered meaningful in that all the police and national agency workers should have such high shooting skills.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2000

Recently, the requirement of automation in the every fields of the industrial places has been increased remarkably. The shooting range systems in the Past have been designed on the basis of static circumstance. However, Various transformation of the shooting circumstances is required, since the target for real shooting situation not static. In this study we have established for targets Per one shooting line to realize the dynamic shooting circumstance, distributed shooting order into sequence and random ones. and accommodated the shooting time variably. And, we have done an efficient communication possible, using CAN(Controller Area Network) applied to a lot of the car and the building automation. The CAN can support real-time control efficiently by connecting multiple ECU(Electric Control Unit), since it provide the high data transfer rate and the stability of communication.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.60-70
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• 2021

This paper proposes a method capable of stably tracking the coordinates of a patterned laser image in a curved screen shooting system using two or more channels of multiple cameras. This method can track and acquire target points very effectively when applied to a multi-screen shooting method that can replace the HMD shooting method. Images of curved screens with severe deformation obtained from individual cameras are corrected through image normalization, image binarization, and noise removal. This corrected image is created and applied as an Euclidean space map that is easy to track the firing point based on the matching point. As a result of the experiment, the image coordinates of the pattern laser were stably extracted in the curved screen shooting system, and the error of the target point position of the real-world coordinate position and the broadband Euclidean map was minimized. The reliability of the proposed method was confirmed through the experiment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

Civil petitions and law suits against the military rifle shooting noise have been increased because many military shooting ranges are located near civilian residential area. In order to solve the noise problems, military have devised various methods. In this study, propagation properties of rifle shot through atmosphere were investigated. The military rifle shooting noise level at 5m from muzzle was between $l14{\sim}120dB$ in all directions. The noise level loom both backward and sideward away from system firing range consisting lines of 8 shooting locations were 90dB, when shots were all fired within 10 seconds. At present some of military bases established sound barriers, muzzle enclosures, silencers, and indoor shooting ranges to reduce noises and these prevention methods can reduce noise by $5{\sim}20dB,\;5{\sim}9dB,\;5{\sim}13dB,\;40{\sim}50dB$, respectively. Even though indoor shooting range has the best performance, it requires very expensive construction cost and has short length between target and shooter. In comparison, muzzle enclosure is cheap, but because it is installed in fixed position it can only be used in one shooting position. Therefore a commander should select appropriate methods to reduce military rifle shooting noise considering distance from residential area to the range, mission of military training, budget, etc.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-204
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic factors of motion during air pistol shooting. Method: This study aimed to investigate changes in forces during movement and determine the factors that affect changes in force during the first, middle, and last periods of shooting an air pistol. Two ground reaction force systems (force platform), SCATT (a shooting training system), and EMG (electromyogram) to measure the action potentials in the muscles of the upper body were used in this study. Four university air pistol players (age: 19.75 years, height: 175.50 cm, body mass: $69.55{\pm}11.50kg$, career length: $6.25{\pm}6years$) who are training to progress to a higher rank were enrolled. Results: In terms of the actual shooting results, the mean score in the middle section was $42.48{\pm}1.74$ points, higher than those in the first and the last periods when using SCATT. The gunpoint moved 13.48 mm more vertically than horizontally in the target trajectory. With respect to action potentials of muscles measured using EMG, the highest action potentials during the aiming-shooting segments, in order higher to lower, were seen in the trapezius (intermediate region), trapezius (superior region), deltoid (lateral), and triceps brachii (long head). The action potentials of biceps brachii and brachioradialis turned out to be high during grasping motion, which is a preparatory stage. During the final segment, muscle fatigue appeared in the deltoid (lateral), biceps brachii (long head), brachioradialis, and trapezius (intermediate region). In terms of the ground reaction force, during the first period of shooting, there was a major change in the overall direction (left-right $F_x$, forward-backward $F_y$, vertical $F_z$) of the center of the mass. Conclusion: The development and application of a training program focusing on muscle groups with higher muscle fatigue is required for players to progress to a higher rank. Furthermore, players can improve their records in the first period if they take part in a game after warming up sufficiently before shooting in order to heighten muscle action potentials, and are expected to maintain a consistent shooting motion continuously by restoring psychological stability.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.76-85
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• 2024

Recently, from a global perspective, the use of small unmanned aerial vehicles in terrorism and warfare is increasing, and the need for anti-drone shooting training targeting small UAVs is increasing. However, in reality, there are many cases in Korea where anti-drone shooting training is restricted, due to complaints such as noise. In this paper, we describe the development and testing of an electric-powered direct strike type high-speed, low-noise small aerial target drone. To achieve the flight speed and endurance required for shooting training, target drone sizing was performed, and aerodynamic performance analysis was conducted using a CFD program. Based on the performance analysis, the motor propulsion system was selected and a variable pitch propeller system was designed, and performance tests were performed on a ground test rig. Finally, the target flight speed, flight time, and flight noise level were confirmed through flight tests.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.239-246
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed the balance of the both legs and the kinematic analysis of the upper limb segments and joints during archery shooting and compared the differences according to the scores. 9 K-university elite archery athletes participated. Each archer was asked to shoot 3-shots and 5-ends on a 122 cm target at a distance of 70 m. Seven infrared cameras (Qualisys, sweden) and two force plates (Kistler, Switerland) were used to calculate the upper limb segments and joint movements and the center of pressure (COP). When the archers shot 8 points, range of motion of elbow joint angle on drawing-arm and mediolateral COP range of motion on the left foot were larger than when 9-10 points were shot (p<.05). In order to maintain a high score in the archery game, constant balance is required, and the balance of the left foot supporting the bow during the shooting is an important factor. In addition, minimizing elbow joint movement of the drawing-arm supporting the bow will help stabilized shooting.