• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.662-684
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength between various resin-bonded retainers and enamel according to the adhesive resins and retention types and observe the bond filure modes with scanning electron microscope(SEM). For this purpose, the followin eight sub-groups were tested in shear bond strength : 1) electrochemically etched group(Verabond) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B 2) tin-plated group(PG-S) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B 3) salt-treated group(Verabond) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B 4) meshtreated group(Verabond) using Panavia EX and Superbond C&B. Thermocycling test was conducted on the condition of 15 second dwell time each in $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$bath. Shear bond strength was measured by Instron Universal Testing Machine(medel 1125). The obtained results were as follows : 1. After thermocycling, the shear bond strengths of tin-plated group and electrochemically etched group were significantly greater than those of salt-treated group and mesh-treated group. And the shear bond strength of Panavia EX was greater than that of Superbond C&B with salt-treated group and tin-plated group(p<0.05). 2. Before thermocycling, electrochemically etched group using Superbond C&B produced the greatest shear bond strength(p<0.01). 3. The shear bond strength of electrochemically etched group using Superbond C&B was significantly decreased after thermocycling(p<0.01). 4. In observation of bond failure modes before thermocycling, Panavia EX highly exhibited enamel fracture. Tin-plated group using Superbond C&B adhesive failure between metal and resin and electrochemically etched group using Superbond C&B exhibited adhesive failure between enamel and rdsin. 5. In observation of failure modes after thermocycling, Panavia EX exhibited cohesive failure and Superbond C&B exhibited adhesive failure between resin and metal.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.957-967
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different bases of ceramic brackets on shear bond strength and to observe failure patterns of bracket bondings. Lower bicuspid brackets whose bases designed for the macromechanical and silane treated chemical bonding those for silane treated chemical bonding, those for micromechanical bonding, and those for macromechanical bonding were tested as experimental groups, and foil mesh-backed metal brackets as a control group. All the brackets were bonded with $Mono-Lok\;2^{(TM)}$ on the labial surface of extracted human lower bicuspids after etching the enamel with $38\%$ phosphoric acid solution for 60 seconds. The shear bond strengths were measured on the universal test machine after 24 hours passed in the $37^{\circ}C$ water bath. The gathered data were evaluated and tested by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, and those results were as follows. The shear bond strengths of brackets for macromechanical and chemical bonding, those for chemical bonding, and those for micromechanical bonding were not different (p>0.05), but showed statistically higher than those of metal bracket and those of ceramic bracket for micromechanical bonding(p<0.05). The shear bond strengths of ceramic bracket for micromechanical bonding showed statistically lower than those of metal bracket(p<0.05). The enamel fractures and/or ceramic bracket fractures were observed in the cases of higher bond strength than that of metal bracket. These results supported that silane treated base of ceramic bracket show higher shear bond strength than that of metal bracket, and suggested that micromechanical form of ceramic bracket bases show higher shear bond strength than that of macromechanical form.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different surface pretreatment techniques on the surface roughness and shear bond strength of a new self-adhering flowable composite resin for use with lithium disilicate-reinforced CAD/CAM ceramic material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of one hundred thirty lithium disilicate CAD/CAM ceramic plates with dimensions of $6mm{\times}4mm$ and 3 mm thick were prepared. Specimens were then assigned into five groups (n=26) as follows: untreated control, coating with $30{\mu}m$ silica oxide particles ($Cojet^{TM}$ Sand), 9.6% hydrofluoric acid etching, Er:YAG laser irradiation, and grinding with a high-speed fine diamond bur. A self-adhering flowable composite resin (Vertise Flow) was applied onto the pre-treated ceramic plates using the Ultradent shear bond Teflon mold system. Surface roughness was measured by atomic force microscopy. Shear bond strength test were performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Surface roughness data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD tests. Shear bond strength test values were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests at ${\alpha}=.05$. RESULTS. Hydrofluoric acid etching and grinding with high-speed fine diamond bur produced significantly higher surface roughness than the other pretreatment groups (P<.05). Hydrofluoric acid etching and silica coating yielded the highest shear bond strength values (P<.001). CONCLUSION. Self-adhering flowable composite resin used as repair composite resin exhibited very low bond strength irrespective of the surface pretreatments used.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.377-387
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• 2017

이 연구에서는 강판 매입형 합성기둥의 Push-out Test를 통해 강재와 콘크리트의 부착면적에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 이로써 부착면적이 넓을수록 부착응력은 작아진다는 경향이 조사되었다. 또한 소규모 매입형 합성기둥의 경우에는 설계기준에서 제시하는 공칭부착 응력값이 과소하게 적용되는 것을 확인하였다. 다음으로 H형강 매입형 합성기둥의 Push-out Test를 통해 전단연결재의 수와 간격에 따른 영향을 알아보았다. 이로써 전단연결재의 전단거동을 파악할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano-structured alumina surface coating on shear bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and various dual-cured resin cements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 90 disk-shaped zirconia specimens (HASS CO., Gangneung, Korea) were divided into three groups by surface treatment method: (1) airborne particle abrasion, (2) tribochemicalsilica coating, and (3) nano-structured alumina coating. Each group was categorized into three subgroups of ten specimens and bonded with three different types of dual-cured resin cements. After thermocycling, shear bond strength was measured and failure modes were observed through FE-SEM. Two-way ANOVA and the Tukey's HSD test were performed to determine the effects of surface treatment method and type of cement on bond strength (P<.05). To confirm the correlation of surface treatment and failure mode, the Chi-square test was used. RESULTS. Groups treated with the nano-structured alumina coating showed significantly higher shear bond strength compared to other groups treated with airborne particle abrasion or tribochemical silica coating. Clearfil SA Luting showed a significantly higher shear bond strength compared to RelyX ARC and RelyX Unicem. The cohesive failure mode was observed to be dominant in the groups treated with nano-structured alumina coating, while the adhesive failure mode was prevalent in the groups treated with either airborne particle abrasion or tribochemical silica coating. CONCLUSION. Nano-structured alumina coating is an effective zirconia surface treatment method for enhancing the bond strength between Y-TZP ceramic and various dual-cured resin cements.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this research was to evaluate the shear bond strength of different zirconia veneering ceramics with and without liner glass materials to yttria partially-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline(Y-TZP). Methods: Five co mmercial zirconia veneering ceramics were used in this study, E-Max(EM), Creation ZI(CR), Cercon ceram kiss(CE), Triceram(TR) and Zirkonzahn ICE(ZI). All samples were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions. Experimental industrially manufactured Y-TZP ceramic blocks(diameter: 2.7 mm; height: 13.5 mm) were used in this study. Shear bond strength between zirconia ceramic coping and zirconia veneering ceramics were evaluated by the push-shear bond test. The fracture load data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffe's test(${\alpha}$=0.05). The fractured surfaces of zirconia core ceraimc and zirconia veneering ceramics were observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM). Results: The mean shear bond strengths ranged from 20 MPa ($20.12{\pm}6.34$ MPa) to 66.6 MPa ($66.62{\pm}10.01$ MPa). The Triceram(TRG) showed the highest value and Creation ZI(CR) showed the lowest value. In all groups, Zirconia liner and glass material groups was significantly higher shear bond strength than without liner(P<0.05), with the exception of Cercon ceram kiss(CE)groups. Conclusion: Zirconia bonding materials may have the advantage of improved bond strength between zirconia ceramic core and veneering ceramics.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.168-174
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• 2001

탄소섬유쉬트는 고강도, 경량 및 고 내구성 등의 우수한 재료적 성질을 가지고 있어 철근콘크리트 건축물의 보수 .보강재료 장범위하게 사용되어져 왔다. 탄소섬유쉬트와 콘크리트 사이의 부착강도 즉, 부착거동은 탄소섬유쉬트에 의해 보수.보강되는 철근콘크리트 부재의 보강성능을 좌우하는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 따라서, 탄소섬유쉬트와 콘크리트의 접합면에서 발생되는 부착파괴의 메카니즘은 명확히 구명될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 양생온도, 콘크리트의 표면상태 및 함수율 등의 환경요소변화에 따른 탄소섬유쉬트와 콘크리트의 인발접착강도을 파악함으로써 환경요소의 영향을 평가하였으며 아울러, 탄소섬유쉬트와 콘크리트와의 부착성능을 결정하는 유효부착길이 및 평균부착응력도를 평가하였다. 연구결과, 인발접착강도에 미치는 환경요소에서 양생온도가 가장 중요한 영향인자로 나타났으며, 인장전단부착 실험으로부터 얻어진 유효부착길이 및 평균부착응력도는 각각 15 cm 및 9.78~11.88kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ 내외라고 사료된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of the metal-heat pressed glass ceramic bilayer structure. Methods: Metal framework specimens were prepared and surface is spreaded opaque(IPS InLine system opaque, IvoclarVivadent, Liechtenstein). There were 10 specimens for each bilayer dental ceramic group. The first group was porcelain fused metal, Press on metal IPS Inline press group, and press on metal HASS prototype group. Specimens measured for the shear bond strength on Schwickerath test by Instron universal testing machine(Instron3345, Instron Corp., USA). Mean average bond strength values of each specimen group were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA analysis of variance Saphiro-wilk's test. Statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS 23.0(IBM Co., Armonk, USA) Results: $RMS{\pm}SD$ The highest mean average HASS POM showed a bond strength value ($47.55{\pm}12.80Mpa$). The lowest mean average values Porcelain fused metal ($33.30{\pm}2.00Mpa$). Independent t-test was conduct to analysis the significant difference (p<0.05) (Table 3). Conclusion: Three kinds of Metal/ glass bilayer dental ceramics bond strength were clinical acceptability. Especially, as lithium disilicate containing represents higher bond strength.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1989

Bond strength between alloy and ceramic plays an important role in deciding the quaring the processing of metalceramic restorations. Now the author had an experiment on the measurement of bond strength differences accoding to the contents of recast alloy used during the processing of metal-ceramic restorations. In the experiment, Anusavice's Planar Interface Shear Bond Test was employed to determine the bond strength. Total 25 specimens were divided as 5 groups, that is, 5 specimens in a group respections : Group I (new alloy 100%) Group II (new 75%$\cdot$recast 25%), Group III (new 50%$\cdot$recast 50%), Group IV (new 25%$\cdot$recast 75%), Group V(recast 100%). All specimens examined micropically and respective strength values of the group specimens were checked simultaneously. The results were as follows, 1. In the analtsis of variance the result showed the significant differences of 1%(P<0.01) among the each group classifid according to the recast contents. 2. When the interfaces of specimens were examined with an electron microscope, the air bubble were evenly occurred in all the specimens, and the occurrence frequencies and the sizes of air bubble were different between Group I and Group III, especially marked different Group I and Croup V. 3. In respective verification of each group through T-test, between Group I and Group II, between Group I and Group III did not show significant differences. 4. There was significant difference between Group I and Group IV, between Group I and Group V as 1%(P<0.01). 5. In the Shear Bond Test of all the groups, Croup V showed the lowest value. Explanatoion of Figures Fig 1. Main fracture type of metal-porcelain interlace showed in group I, II, III from shear Bond Test resets. Fig 2. Main fracture type of metal-porcelain interface showed In group Ⅳ, Ⅴ form shear Bond Test resets. Air bubble and their size appeared around interface of metal-porcelain. Fig 3. Group I, Fig 4. Group II Fig 5. Group III, Fig 6. Group IV, Fig 7. Group V.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2013

연구 목적: 이 연구의 목적은 지르코니아 표면처리에 따른 3종의 레진시멘트와 지르코니아의 전단결합강도를 평가하기 위함이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 총 143개의 디스크 모양의 지르코니아 블록(HASS Co., Gangneung, Korea) 시편을 제작하고 총 13개군(n=11)으로 나누었다. 그중9개군은 표면처리 방식(1. 알루미나 분사, 2. 알루미나 분사와 지르코니아 라이너의 도포, 3.알루미나 분사와 Rocatec (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany) 처리) 및 사용한 3종류의 레진시멘트(Bistite II (Tokuyama Dental Co., Japan), Panavia F2.0 (Kuraray Medical, Japan), Super-bond C&B (Sun Medical, Japan))에 따라 나누어 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험을 시행하였다. 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험은 위 3종류의 레진시멘트를 3가지 방법으로 표면처리한 지르코니아 시편에 접착하고, 상온의 증류수에 24시간 동안 보관한 후, 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 열순환처리 후 접착강도 실험은, 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험에서 우수한 전단결합강도를 보인 지르코니아 표면처리군(알루미나 분사와 Rocatec 처리를 하고 3종류의 레진시멘트를 접착한 3개의 군)과 대조군으로 알루미나만으로 표면처리 후 Super-bond C&B를 접착한 1개의 군을 대상으로 $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$사이에서 5,000회 열순환처리를 시행하고 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 결과: 열순환처리 전 접착강도 실험에서는 알루미나 분사와 Rocatec 처리를 한 지르코니아 표면에 Super-bond C&B를 접착한 군이 가장 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. Super-bond C&B를 사용한 군이 다른 시멘트 군보다 유의성 있게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으며, 지르코니아 표면에 Rocatec 처리를 한 군이 다른 표면처리를 한 군보다 유의성 있게 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. 열순환처리를 한 후에는, Rocatec 처리를 한 지르코니아 표면에 Super-bond C&B를 접착한 군만이 유일하게 전단결합강도가 증가하였으며, 다른 모든 군에서는 전단결합강도가 감소하였다. 결론: 본 실험에서는 Super-bond C&B 시멘트가 가장 높은 전단결합강도를 보였으며, Rocatec 시스템은 레진시멘트와 지르코니아의 전단결합강도를 향상시키는 방법이 될 것이라고 사료된다.