• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 1999

Glauconite grains are widely distributed in the outer shelf surficial sandy sediments of the Korean continental shelves. Morphologically, these grains are characterized by ovoidal-shaped pellets with bulbous exterior, greenish color and moderately well polished surface. In thin sections, the glauconite grains are massive and contain numerous impurities composed mainly of quartz, feldspar and mica. The morphologies and microscopic examinations indicate mainly fecal pellet as a parent matierials for glauconite. SEM examination shows that glauconitic smectite crystals grow in pores and along fractures of the host grains, commonly as a boxwork arrangement or rosette clusters of blades. Bulbous external shape, high potassium content and rosette-shaped smectite structure, reflect the evolved stage (more than 10$^4$ years in age) of glauconite authigenesis. Moreover, the association of the glauconite grains with the relict sandy sediments on the outer shelf, impliesthat the glauconite grains are geologically old, or at least have formed under the environmental conditions different from the present shelf. The widespread occurrence of the glauconite grains, therefore, might be primarily related with redeposition of sediments transported from the outer shelf during Holocene transgression.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.146-156
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• 1998

Nemerical algorithms were developed to analyze the behavior of the double lining as well as ground mass separately or simultaneously. A lining interface element was especially developed, verified and applied to the study on the coupled interaction of shotcrete and the concrete lining. It could be known fro parameter studys on double lining support systems that as the contact surface between shotcrete and concrete lining was rougher, the more decreased bearing capacity against the cracking of the system. If the thickness of the shotcrete increased, the bearing capacity of the double lining also increased linearly with the thickness. If the thickness of the concrete lining increased, the bearing capacity of the double lining had the relationship of the characteristic S-shape of a sigmoid function with the thickness. When the thickness increased over a given value, it was not useful to increase more the thickness because bearing capacity had no remarkable change. It could be concluded that the behavior of the shotcrete and concrete lining was generally reversed before and after the ratio of horizontal to vertical earth preassure of 1.0 and 0.5 respectively. Therefore, we could guess that the movement which two shotcrete and concrete lining deflect toward each other around the crown caused a friction between two linings and thus this disadvantageous effect could contribute to reducing the bearing capacity against the cracking.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.108-118
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• 2007

The tabernacle architecture is the paradigm of the new testaments and the modern church, and has been from the temples to synagogues, the Old Testaments to the New Testaments, and from present to future. Nevertheless, research on the Tabernacles has never been studied architecturally but has only been researched Biblically or partially. This would be because people interested in the tabernacle lack in architectural knowledge, and architects would be limited theologically. Furthermore, the start of church architecture until now was the architecture of the Roman-court style and the Greece Temple as the exterior, such as the Basilica, a non-Christian, strangely styled piece of architecture, which was seen as the basis of the church architectural style, which is a great mistake, due to the effect of modern architectural educational system with the central figure of humanism and western styled architecture. The measurement and the pattern of the Tabernacle architecture were not recorded in the Bible in order to produce the shape of the Tabernacle. The 'Architecture of God' was designed for the very first time on Earth so that He could dwell among His people.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
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• pp.342-351
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• 2000

The paper is concerned about the discovery of new physics of the old oriental philosophy of the yin-Yang '||'&'||' five elements. the physical properties of Five Elements are defined, similarly as in thermodynamics, as five different characteristic state in a cyclic system of nature or a human body. Wood is defined as "warm and soft", Fire as "hot and dispersive", Earth as "agglomerating and sticky", Metal as "tensile and crystallizing", and Water as "cool and slippery" state, respectively. Based on the physics of Five Elements and Qi channel theory, five different constitution classification s are made according to the shape of human face, such as long, inverse triangle, circle, square, and triangle geometry, respectively.Since the constitution implies the relative size or strength of 5 major organs, this theory can be applies successfully to the prediction of the susceptibility to specific diseases as well as the analyses of personal character such as emotion and sensibility. The specific character is analyzed with four different aspects; that is, the first and second are caused by the positive and negative side of the strongest organ, the third character by determined the weakest organ, and finally the fourth by the abnormal psychology due to serious illness.bnormal psychology due to serious illness.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.238-243
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• 2003

As there are many advantages on underground caverns, such as safety and operation, they can also be used for gas storage purpose. When liquefied gas is stored underground, the cryogenic temperature of the gas will affect the stability of the storage cavern. In order to store the liquefied gas successfully, it is essential to estimate the exact temperature distribution of the rock mass around the cavern. In this study, an analytic solution and a conceptual model that can estimate three-dimensional temperature distribution around the storage cavern are suggested. When calculating the heat transfer within a solid, it is likely to consider the solid as the intersection of two or more infinite or semi-infinite geometries. Therefore heat transfer solution for the solid is expressed by the product of the dimensionless temperatures of the geometries, which are used to form the combined solid. Based on the multi-dimensional transient heat transfer theory, the analytic solution is successfully derived by assuming the cavern shape to be of simplified geometry. Also, a conceptual model is developed by using the analytic solution of this study. By performing numerical experiments of this multi-dimensional model, the temperature distribution of the analytic solution is compared with that of numerical analysis and theoretical solutions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.811-828
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• 2015

Proper modelling of the basal resistance terms is key in simulating the motion of fluidized granular flow. In this paper, standard depth-averaged governing equations of granular flow are used together with the classical Coulomb, Voellmy, and velocity dependent friction models (VDFM). A high-resolution modified TVDLF method is implemented to solve the partial differential equations without numerical oscillations. The effects of basal resistance terms on the motion of granular flows such as geometric shape evolution, travel times and final deposits are analyzed. Based on the numerical results, the predictions of the front and rear end positions and developing length of granular flow with Coulomb friction model show excellent agreements with experiment results reported by Hutter et al. (1995), and illustrate the validity of the numerical approach. For the Voellmy model, the higher value of turbulent coefficient than reality may obtain more reasonable predicted runout for the small-scale avalanche or granular flow. The energy exchange laws indicate that VDFM is different from the Coulomb and Voellmy models, although the flow characteristics of both three models fit the measurements and observations very well.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.251-269
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• 2022

The process-based XBeach model has numerous empirical parameters because of insufficient understanding of hydrodynamics and sediment transport on the nearshore; hence, it is necessary to calibrate parameters to apply to various study areas and wave conditions. Therefore, the calibration process of parameters is essential for the improvement of model performance. Generally, the trial-and-error method is widely used; however, this method is passive and limited to various and comprehensive parameter ranges. In this study, the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) method was used to estimate the optimal range of three parameters (gamma, facua, and gamma2) using morphological field data collected in Maengbang beach during the four typhoons that struck from September to October 2019. The model performance and optimal range of empirical parameters were evaluated using Brier Skill Score (BSS) along with the baseline profiles, sensitivity, and likelihood density analysis of BSS in the GLUE tools. Accordingly, the optimal parameter combinations were derived when facua was less than 0.15 and simulated well the shifting shape, from crescentic sand bar to alongshore uniform sand bars in the surf zone of Maengbang beach after storm impact. However, the erosion and accretion patterns nearby in the surf zone and shoreline remain challenges in the XBeach model.

• 천문학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2011

We calculate the energy spectra of cosmic ray (CR) protons and electrons at a plane shock with quasi-parallel magnetic fields, using time-dependent, diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) simulations, including energy losses via synchrotron emission and Inverse Compton (IC) scattering. A thermal leakage injection model and a Bohm type diffusion coefficient are adopted. The electron spectrum at the shock becomes steady after the DSA energy gains balance the synchrotron/IC losses, and it cuts off at the equilibrium momentum $p_{eq}$. In the postshock region the cutoff momentum of the electron spectrum decreases with the distance from the shock due to the energy losses and the thickness of the spatial distribution of electrons scales as $p^{-1}$. Thus the slope of the downstream integrated spectrum steepens by one power of p for $p_{br}$ < p < $p_{eq}$, where the break momentum decreases with the shock age as $p_{br}\;{\infty}\;t^{-1}$. In a CR modified shock, both the proton and electron spectrum exhibit a concave curvature and deviate from the canonical test-particle power-law, and the upstream integrated electron spectrum could dominate over the downstream integrated spectrum near the cutoff momentum. Thus the spectral shape near the cutoff of X-ray synchrotron emission could reveal a signature of nonlinear DSA.

• 복식
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• 제32권
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• pp.57-68
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of religion on Amish costumes. For this study I twice visited Amish village in Lancaster Pennsylvania U.S,A in July 1993 and August 1996. The methods of study directed direct observation and literature re-search. The results of this study were as follows: The Amish was livid practically by strict princi- ples of simplicity diligence piety and mutual cooperation. The Amish behavioral code of laws known as ordnung dictated appropriate dress agricultual methods and a routine for daily life. The Amish costumes originated with the 17th century Puritans traditional apparel the European farmer and the clothing style of 19th century Americal,. Amish costumes was fastened with hooks and eyes instead of decorative buttons a diret influence of Puritanism does and did non con-tain ornamental outer pockets. This distinctively simple costumes served as a boundary outsiders to and as a direct ex-pression of their faith. An Amish doll had neither facial features nor fingers and toes as described in scripture "You do not become corrupt and make for yourselves an idol an image of any shape whether formed like a man or a women or like any animal on earth or any bird that flies in the air or like any creature that moves along the ground or any fish in the waters below" In this way Amish costumes was affected by their religion and faith.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.285-292
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• 2010

Recently, it is difficult to find a good soil ground due to the shortage of land for new construction site. Because of this situation, the geosynthetics are commonly used for reinforcing the substructure of the soil ground, and hence improving the bearing capacity and reducing the settlement. The geocell is one of geosynthetics and is the advanced system of geogrid. It is the way to increase earth strength and bearing capacity by using three dimension type of geocomposite. In this paper, the Horizontal permeability was determined with considering various geocell shapes. The permeability test was performed by following method of ASTM D4716(87) and potential filling material for geocell was used. The bearing capacity mechanism which enhances the soil ground with evenly maintaining the degree of the compaction was also analyzed for geocell reinforced ground.