• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.371-376
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• 2007

Objective : Balloon kyphoplasty can effectively relieve the symptomatic pain and correct the segmental deformity of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. While many articles have reported on the effectiveness of the procedure, there has not been any research on the factors affecting the deformity correction. Here, we evaluated both the relationship between postoperative pain relief and restoration of the vertebral height, and segmental kyphosis, as well as the various factors affecting segmental deformity correction after balloon kyphoplasty. Methods : Between January 2004 and December 2006, 137 patients (158 vertebral levels) underwent balloon kyphoplasty. We analyzed various factors such as the age and sex of the patient, preoperative compression ratio, kyphotic angle of compressed segment, injected PMMA volume, configuration of compression, preoperative bone mineral density (BMD) score, time interval between onset of symptom and the procedure, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain rating and surgery-related complications. Results : The mean postoperative VAS score improvement was $4.93{\pm}0.17$. The mean postoperative height restoration rate was $17.8{\pm}1.57%$ and the kyphotic angle reduction was $1.94{\pm}0.38^{\circ}$. However, there were no significant statistical correlations among VAS score improvement, height restoration rate, and kyphotic angle reduction. Among the various factors, the configuration of the compressed vertebral body (p=0.002) was related to the height restoration rate and the direction of the compression (p=0.006) was related with the kyphotic angle reduction. The preoperative compression ratio (p=0.023, p=0.006) and injected PMMA volume (p<0.001, p=0.035) affected both the height restoration and kyphotic angle reduction. Only the preoperative compression ratio was found to be as an independent affecting factor (95% CI : 1.064-5.068). Conclusion : The two major benefits of balloon kyphoplasty are immediate pain relief and local deformity correction, but segmental deformity correction achieved by balloon kyphoplasty does not result in additional pain relief. Among the factors that were shown to affect the segmental deformity correction, configuration of the compressed vertebral body, direction of the most compressed area, and preoperative compression ratio were not modifiable. However, careful preoperative consideration about the modifiable factor, the PMMA volume to inject, may contribute to the dynamic correction of the segmental deformity.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.449-464
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• 2007

The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. The purpose of this research is to examine gob characteristics and organizational effectiveness of security guard on martial arts of security service guard. The subjects of this study are private guard as working security companies of Seoul and Kyongi area and 250 persons. It was a method of questionnaire for this study and used a questionnaire developed by Hackman and Oldham(1976) for gob characteristics and used a questionnaire developed by Tymon(1988) for organizational effectiveness that translated and modified from Kim, Ilsoon and measured by 5 point likert. It used to analyze the data for one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. There are conclusions of this study. First, there was a partially difference on god characteristics and organizational effectiveness of population statistical character. Depending on sex, 'female' group was high, depending on the age, '46 year-old+ group' was high, depending on the educational level, 'bachelor group' was high, depending on the income, '400manwon+ group' was high. Second, it becomes positive result to the period, the frequency and the intensity of security martial arts practice. Third, it happened that gob characteristics is increase and organizational effectiveness is also positive way.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 1997

A clinical analysis was performed on 326 cases of the non-penetrating rib fractures experienced in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Chosun University Hospital and 102 cases of the non-penetrating rib fractures those has been admitted and treated in the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Jeonnam Hwasoon lung-ang Hospital during a period from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1995. 1. Sex ratio was 3.4:1 in urban and 3.6:1 in rural communities with male predominance. 2. Most· common cause were traffic accident in both communities. 3. Hemothorax, pneumothorax and hemopneumothorax which needed thoracostomy were observed iii 146 cases(44.7%) in the urban and 12 cases(11.7%) in the rural communities. 4. Left thorax was the spell site of rib fractures in both communiti s. 5. Rib fracture was prevalent from 3rd to 6th rib in both communities. 6. Open thoracotomy was performed in 37 cases(11.3%) in urban and 3 cases(2.9%) in rural communities. 7. Overall mortality was 4.29%(14 cases) in urban area and, 1.96%(2 cases) in rural communities, and cause of death were hypovolemic shock, brain edema, sepsis, respiratory failure, asphyxia, and cardiogenic shock.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.607-616
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• 2002

This study analyzed the effects of pH, sex, backfat thickness, ribeye area, cold carcass weight, shipping month, muscle internal temperature, average daily temperature, and average relative humidity for slaughtered Hanwoo to meat color by season. The analyses focused on interaction and each effect to meat color of the factors. For the result for analysis of multiple linear regressions, meat color values were decreased as pH increased in all meat color, and the meat color values increased as the backfat thickness was increased. As the results of the decision tree analysis by each factor, cow and steer slaughtered in spring and autumn were the highest in the lightness(L*). The redness(a*) was the cases that pH was less than 5.63 and average relative humidity was over than 71.5% for Hanwoo slaughtered in autumn. The chroma(C*) value was the highest for Hanwoo that was slaughtered in summer and autumn, the pH was less than 5.60, and the back fat thickness was over than 8 mm. The hue angle($h^0$) was shown that the muscle internal temperature was less than 4.7$^{\circ}C$ among Hanwoo which was slaughtered in spring, summer, and autumn, the pH was less than 5.66, and the back fat thickness was over than 8 mm.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.308-313
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• 1991

This study attempted to measure subcutaneous fat thickness by the use of ultrasonic wave in age and sex matched Korean subjects, and to observe correlation between fat thick-ness and physical indices. In male, fat thickness of suprailiac area showed the highest value of $9.40{\sim}9.51mm$ and then subscapular was $6.60{\sim}6.84mm$, femoral was $6.48{\sim}7.04mm$ and triceps regions was $3.48{\sim}3.69mm$. In female, femoral subcutaneous fat thickness was the higher. $11.85{\sim}12.15mm$and then suprailiac was $8.79{\sim}9.87mm$ subscapular was $6.20{\sim}6.91mm$ and triceps fat thickness was $4.80{\sim}4.93mm$. In male, fat thickness of triceps and relative body weight(RBW). body mass index(BMI), triceps or $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index were positively correlated. Correlations between suprailiac and weight, relative body weight(RBW). body mass index(BMT), $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index or subscapular were positively significant. In female. there were positive correlations between fat thickness of femoral and RBW, BMI, or $R\ddot{o}hrer$ index. And there were no positive correlations in other parts of the body.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.291-307
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• 2009

This study investigated the family network of elderly and its effects on the subjective life satisfaction in Rural Area. In order to classify the family network, the authors used the analysis technique of social network including to a spouse, children and grandchildren. In addition, the authors described basic characteristics of family network on the family type, interaction frequency, and interaction content. And then family network typified four types by K-means cluster analysis method according to characteristics of family network and examined difference on life satisfaction of the elderly persons according to the type of family network. The major results were as following. First, the elderly did contact his/her children often, emotional support revealed that highest support expectation of elderly. Second, The family network of elderly could be typified four types ; 'relation estranged type', 'children-grandchildren centered type', 'family dependent type', 'couples centered type' and statistically significant difference showed in life satisfaction according to each type. The result, in the 'couples centered type', the life satisfaction was highest; on the contrary, 'relation estranged type', it was lowest. Third, Influencing factors on life satisfaction of the old person were economic conditions, physical conditions, education level, sex, more frequent contacts with grandchild, emotional support expectation of spouses. The results of this study suggest that social welfare political and institutional efforts are needed to improve the relationship between older persons and their children, grandchildren and spouses and life satisfaction of the elderly.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic relationship between weaning weight (WW) and carcass traits. Carcass traits were eye muscle area(EMA), back fat thickness(BFT), marbling score 1(MS1) in 21 grade scales, marbling score 2(MS2) in 7 grade scales and meat color scores(Mcolor). Parameters were estimated by REML procedure with MTDFREML package. Models included contemporary group as defined by the same year-season-sex at birth, linear covariates of age(days) at weaning, age of dam(days) and age at slaughter(days) as fixed effects and animal random effects for all the traits. Heritability estimates of WW, EMA, BFT, MS1, MS2 and Mcolor were 0.25, 0.20, 0.20, 0.32, 0.32 and 0.22, respectively. Genetic(phenotypic) correlation coefficients of WW with EMA, BFT, MS1, MS2 and Mcolor were 0.75(0.16), 0.18(0.05), －0.41(－0.09), －0.40(0.11) and －0.07(0.05), respectively. Results from this study suggest that single trait selection for weaning weight would lead to progeny population having carcass with large EMA, thick BFT and decreased MS.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.330-338
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• 1997

To examine the relationship between the causal infection of gastric cancer and lifestyle and nutritional status, we surveyed 183 persons, 102 female and 81 male, aged 40 years and over from August to October, 1996, in Chunchon area, Kang Won Do, Korea. For this purpose, we investigated Helicobacter pylori infection in the agricultural Korean adult and identified the effect of sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, economic status, occupation and lifestyle. Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G(IgG). Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 64.5% of total subjects, and 63.7% of female, 65.4% of male and its prevalence was increased with age, smoking, low education level, low monthly income, high childbirth. Some nutrients intakes were significantly difference between Helicobacter pylori infection positive(+) group and those negative(-) group. The negative Helicobacter pylori infection group were much more intaked energy, total protein, total fat(p<0.05), animal fat(p<0.05), Iron(p<0.001), vitamin A(p<0.01), vitamin C(p<0.05) than Helicobacter pylori positive infection group. But the calcium intakes were lower than positive(+) group.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4469-4475
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• 2016

Indonesia is a developing country, in most of which the infection rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been reported to be high. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been unexpectedly reported to be low. The purpose of our study was to confirm whether the prevalence of H. pylori infection is low among healthy inhabitants in Northern Jakarta by 13C-urea breath test (UBT), and to examine the association of their lifestyle/environmental factors with H. pylori infection and to identify potential routes of transmission. We recruited a total of 196 subjects from a low-income community in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Of them, 193 subjects who completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle/environment and had UBT were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for sex and age with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression model. The overall H. pylori infection rate was 15.0%. There was difference in H. pylori infection rates among Buginese (40.0%), Betawi (9.1%), Sundanese (3.7%), and Batak (9.1%). After multivariate analysis, the ORs of intake of soybean milk, cucumber more than one time a week, infrequent hand washing before meals, and alcohol consumption were 0.10 (95%CI: 0.01-0.97), 6.61 (95%CI: 1.87-23.3), 4.10 (95%CI: 1.15-14.6), and 61.9 for former drinkers (95%CI: 1.67-2300.8), respectively. Buginese (OR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.82-33.8) and Batak ethnic groups (OR=20.1; 95%CI: 1.90-213.2) were infected more frequently, compared with Javanese. The H. pylori infection rate in this study was low, as reported previously. After we scrutinized the factors, Buginese and Batak ethnic groups eat food using fingers more frequently than Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese. In addition, infrequent hand wash practice before meal increased the risk. Our study indicated that person-person transmission was possible in this low prevalence area. The low infection rates of H. pylori among those of Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese ethnicity could be partly due to sanitary practice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2004

Parapenaeopsis tenella occurs widely on the south and west coasts of Korea. Sex ratio showed seasonal variations, with a mean value of 48.6% for the females. The species produces one cohort a year, with the ovaries ripening from July to August. Insemination took place from July to August, as more than half of the females sampled in the study over 14 mm CL were inseminated. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) reached the maximum between July and August. The smallest mature female was 11 mm CL. Size at 50% sexual maturity ($CL_{50}$), determined from both mature females and inseminated females, was 12.53 mm and 12.28 mm CL, respectively. The life span of females appeared to be 14-15 months according to size frequency distributions, while that of the male was 13-14 months. Population growth was estimated by the modified von Bertalanffy growth function incorporating seasonal variation in growth. Based on the growth parameters (K = 1.22 $yr^{-1}$ and $L_{\infty}$ = 21.99 mm CL for females, and K = 2.00 $yr^{-1}$ and $L_{\infty}$ = 15.00 mm CL for males) growth curves showed that females grew faster and reached a larger size at age than males.