• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1997

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1998

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.105-107
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• 2001

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.44-54
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• 1999

Agricultural water quality standards were reviewed through rice culture using treated sewage irrigation . The seqage from school building of Konkuk University was treated by a constructed wetland system, and theeffluent of the systeml was irrigated for rice culutre after nutrient concentration adjusted by dilution. Average concentration of COD, SS, T-N and T-P in irrigated water was 22.3mg/$\ell$, 6.5mg/$\ell$, 25.8 mg/$\ell$and 2.2mg/$\ell$, respectively. Treatment include irrigation of adjusted effluent with conventional fertilization (TWCF), adjusted effluent with no fertilization (TWNF). and effluent of the wetland system as it was with no fertilization (SWNF). These treatment plots were compared with control plot irrigated by tap water with conventional fertilization (CONTROL). Other environmentals for rice culture were identical for all the plots. Among them, TWCF showed the best growth rate and the highest yield, and constituents in the harvested rice showed not much difference among them. Which implies that irrigation with relatively high nutrient concentration compared to the current water quality standards may cause no adverse effect on rice culture and could be even beneficial . Although T-N for this study was 25 times greater than the current standards, rice culture wasnot adversely affected by irrigatino water quality and even beeter results were observed than the CONTROL. It could be mistakenly that clean irrigation water produces better agricultural product, however, it is not necessarily true. Irrigation water with moderate nutrient concentration can enhance the plant growth, and better result might be expected. Therefore, peer review and modification if necessary are needed to the current agricultural water quality standards, especially for the nutrient components.

• 한국관개배수논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1999

Recently, biofilm reactors have been considered as an efficient small scale sewage treatment system in Korean rural areas because of easy operation and cost effectiveness. The objective of this study was to select a more effective filter medium of the bio

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2003

Pilot study was conducted to examine the effects of ponded-water depth and reclaimed wastewater irrigation on paddy rice culture. For the ponded-water depth effect, three treatments of shallow, traditional, and deep water depths were applied, and each treatment was triplicated. The irrigation water for the treatment pots was an effluent from constructed wetland system for sewage treatment, while the control pot was irrigated with tap water kept traditional ponded-water depth. Irrigation water quantity varied with ponded-water depth as expected and drainage water quantity also varied similarly, which implies that shallow irrigation might save irrigation water and also reduce environmental impacts on downstream water quality. Rice growth and production were not significantly affected by ponded-water depth within the experimental condition, instead there was an indication of increased production in shallow and deep ponded-water depths compared to the traditional practice. Raising drainage outlet to the adequate height in paddy dike might be beneficial to save water resources within the paddy field. There was no adverse effect observed in reclaimed wastewater irrigation on the rice production, and mean yield was even greater than the control pots with tap water irrigation although statistically not significant. Water-saving irrigation by shallow ponded-water depth, raising the outlet height in diked rice paddy fields, minimizing forced surface drainage by well-planned irrigation, and reclaimed wastewater irrigation are suggested to save water and protect water quality. However, deviation from traditional farming practices might affect rice growth in long term, and therefore, further investigations are recommended before full scale application.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the water quality change when wastewater applied to study paddy fields. CREAMS-PADDY (Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management System) model was used to estimate the field-scale water quality. Simulated results were compared with observed data monitored from Byeongjeom study paddy fields which is located near the Suwon sewage treatment plant in Gyeonggi-do. Significance analysis was performed for the three different irrigation water quality level and five fertilizer reduction scenarios using LSD (Least Significant Difference) and DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test). Total nitrogen was found to be significant for both irrigation water quality level and fertilizer reduction while total phosphorus was not. Annual drainage load for total nitrogen was reduced by 66~92 % compared to irrigation load when treated wastewater irrigated to study paddy fields from 2002 to 2007. Total phosphorus was reduced by 70~86 %.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2003

Absorbent Biofilter Systems (ABS), composed of an anaerobic septic tank, a pump chamber and an absorbent biofilter tank, have been found to economically provide rural on-site wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to assess the potential of ABS effluent as an alternative water resource for agricultural and environmental use, with respect to the removal of pathogenic microorganism and their fertilization effect. A pilot scale ABS was used to compare its removal efficiency of pathogens from effluent water. Overall, more than 95 percent of Salmonella and E. coli were removed. This result demonstrates that a significant reduction in the pathogenic microorganism of effluents can occur in ABS, which implies the feasibility for the use of ABS effluent in agriculture and environment, with the provision of a further simple disinfection step, in order to satisfy the WHO guidelines for the microbiological quality in agriculture. In addition, because of the abundant nutritional content of ABS effluent, the substitution effect of fertilizer (N, P and K) in paddy irrigation, i.e. 2/3 for nitrogen, l/3 for phosphorus and 1/5 for potassium would be expected. Based on the experimental data, the ABS effluent could be used as a new alternative water resource for paddy irrigation, as well as for environmental purposes, such as supplying water to ecological parks in rural villages.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2005

오수유입수 관개답에서 작물 및 토양에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 익산천 하천부지논에서 2002년부터 2003년까지 벼를 대상으로 농가관행시비량과 50%감비량구 및 무비구를 두어 재배한 후 오수유입수 관개답에 대한 환경영향평가를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 오수 유입답 담수일수별 논물 중 $NH_4-N$ 함량을 분얼기와 유수형성기에 비교한 결과 1일 담수는 $40{\sim}52%$, 4일 담수는 $88{\sim}98%$까지 각각 감소되었고 유수형성기가 분얼기보다 크게 감소되었다. 시비수준별 논물유출수의 성분함량변화는 농가관행시비보다 50% 감비시용이 $NH_4-N$는 17%, $NO_3-N$는 40%정도 감소되는 것으로 나타났고 지하수 침투수중 양분함량은 벼 재배기간 중 50% 감비가 관행시비보다 K는 18% 정도, $NO_3-N$는 4% 정도 감소되었다. 오수유입수 관개답에서 벼 재배 후 토양 층위별 질소 및 유효인산 증감정도는 농가관행시비시 작토층에 유효인산성분이 가장 많게 축적되었고, 50% 감비에서는 유효인산 집적량이 현저히 감소되었다. 토층 $50cm{\sim}100cm$에서도 농가관행 시비구에서 인산 및 질소가 집적되는 경향이었다. 토양 중 중금속 집적량은 대부분 성분이 자연 함유량 이하였으나 Cu와 Pb함량이 약간 증가되었다. 시비수준별 백미수량은 50%감비 시용구에서 농가 관행시용대비 98%가 생산되었고 완전미 비율은 증가되었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.6-7
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• 1999

The water quality at Mankyeong River was surveyed 13 sites of main stream for 6 months from April to September in 1995 and 1997. The monthly average value of $NH_4-N$, $SO_4^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$ showed the highest peak in April while that of $NO_3-N$ showed the highest peak in August. The monthly average value of COD showed the highest peak in September at high temperature season. Concentrations of $NH_4-N$ and $SO_4^{2-}$ in Mankyeong River stream exceeded the standard water quality criteria in many sites. The water quality of Mankyeong River stream was not suitable for the irrigation source excepted the sites such as Hari, Gosan stream and Soyang stream. The floodgate of Mokcheon, Yocheon, Jeonju and Samcheon stream were rapidly polluted by the sewage of city, otherwise the Iksan stream was rapidly polluted by the sewage of swine. The sum of ionic concentrations in Mankyeong River stream was the highest at floodgate of Yocheon by influence of the sewage from city and industry. The order of the major anions and cations concentration in Mankyeong River stream were $SO_4^{2-}$ > $Cl^-$ > $NO_3-N$ > $SO_4^{3-}$ and $Na^+$ > $Ca^{2+}$ > $NH_4^+$ > $Mg^{2+}$ > $K^+$, respectively.