• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.312-313
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• 2017

Internet of Things(IoT) is an intelligent technology and service in which all objects communicate with each other through various networks. Recently Internet of Things(IoT) is one of the fields that is attracting attention as the development of ICT industry. MQTT is a protocol which is safe using TLS or adopting light packet structure for effciency of memory and power using. In this paper, when TLS is used the process of encryption / decryption in the broker occurs. We propose an efficient MQTT protocol through centralized key management by adding authentication server.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.105-110
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• 2017

This paper is to research the difference of care workers' role in Sanatorium between urban and rural areas. Interviews have been conducted with 100 care managers with structured questionnaires in community care settings. The findings of the study are as follows. In the analysis of working with carers a care manager acting as a counsellor in rural was required rather more than any other role in working with clients' carers. In working with formal and informal networks, an administrative specialist role was also important in both areas. With resource management, there were some regional variances between rural and urban. In the urban area, a care managers as a coordinator was more required than as a broker. In the rural area, a care manager as a broker, selecting service resources for elderly clients was the most suitable role. In conclusion, in general rural care managers' roles were similar to those of many core managers in urban area. Among the many possible roles of care managers that effective continuity of care is to be provided for elderly clients in community care, two have been specified as essential roles. The first is the role of care managers that provides coordination and integration of services at the clients' levels as a care manager as an implementer, a linkman, counsellor. The second is at the system level which is possible role for coordination and linkage of programs as a characteristics of care managers, task with formal & informal network, community resources, available residential & NHS resourcesw.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5654-5668
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• 2018

Driven by security and real-time demands of Internet of Things (IoT), the timing of fog computing and edge computing have gradually come into place. Gateways bear more nearby computing, storage, analysis and as an intelligent broker of the whole computing lifecycle in between local devices and the remote cloud. In fog computing, the edge broker requires X-aware capabilities that combines software programmability, stream processing, hardware optimization and various connectivity to deal with such as security, data abstraction, network latency, service classification and workload allocation strategy. The prosperous of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) pushes the possibility of gateway capabilities further landed. In this paper, we propose a software-defined gateway (SDG) scheme for fog computing paradigm termed as Fog Computing Zero-Knowledge Gateway that strengthens data protection and resilience merits designed for industrial internet of things or highly privacy concerned hybrid cloud scenarios. It is a proxy for fog nodes and able to integrate with existing commodity gateways. The contribution is that it converts Privacy-Enhancing Technologies rules into provable statements without knowing original sensitive data and guarantees privacy rules applied to the sensitive data before being propagated while preventing potential leakage threats. Some logical functions can be offloaded to any programmable micro-controller embedded to achieve higher computing efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.469-478
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• 2019

Car-sharing services have been settled on as a new type of public transportation owing to their enhanced convenience, expanded awareness of practical consumption patterns, the inspiration for environmental conscientiousness, and the diffusion of smart phones following the economic crisis. With development of the market, many people have started using such services. However, security is still an issue. Damage is expected since IDs and passwords are required for log-in when renting and controlling the vehicles. The protocol suggested in this study uses bio-information, providing an optimized service, and convenient (but strong) authentication with various service-provider clouds registering car big data about users through brokers. If using the techniques suggested here, it is feasible to reduce the exposure of the bio-information, and to receive service from multiple service-provider clouds through one particular broker. In addition, the proposed protocol reduces public key operations and session key storage by 20% on mobile devices, compared to existing car-sharing platforms, and because it provides convenient, but strong, authentication (and therefore constitutes a secure channel), it is possible to proceed with secure communications. It is anticipated that the techniques suggested in this study will enhance secure communications and user convenience in the future car-sharing-service cloud environment.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a method to reduce mobile social network services (SNSs) traffic using a mobile integrated SNS gateway (MISG) to improve network communication performance between the mobile client and SNS servers. The gateway connects the client and SNS servers using the contents adapter and the web service adapter and helps to improve communication performance using its cache engine. An integrated SNS application, the user's client, communicates with the gateway server using integrated SNS protocol. In addition, the gateway can alert the client to new SNS contents because of the broker server implemented by the message queuing telemetry transport protocol. We design and develop the modules of the gateway server and the integrated SNS application. We then measure the performance of MISG in terms of content response time and describe the result of the experiment.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11B
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• pp.956-966
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• 2004

Nowadays, NGN(Next Generation Network) is evolving into network with packet based QoS.\ulcorner This paper presents the recovery method as a selecting way of more efficient path in MPLS network that reduces the service interruption time. In order to increase the efficiency of usage of recovering resource which is one of major functions of disorder recovering, it opens the state information of each Node both to fault detector and bandwidth broker so that it reduces message transmission time for recovery when functional disorder occurs. in addition, by effective management and adjustment of required bandwidth of entire network depending on the changes of traffic load, it improves the efficiency of bandwidth usage. and in MPLS network supporting priority selection function, it allocates domains depending on the traffic relating to priority order to the entire network so that\ulcorner it efficiently allocates proper resources to the restoring process between the entry and the end for the traffic of high priority and for low priority traffic, it restores path oかy inside disordered domain. by doing this, it reduces resetting time and unnecessary massage transmission.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.47-62
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• 1999

To meet the interoperability requirements associated with geospatial data access and geoprocessing, much efforts to design prototypical systems conforming to $OpenGIS^{TM}$ specification has been made. With respect to Object Web GIS, however, current internet mapping technology mainly focuses on either developing mapping libraries or client applications regardless of the future needs for interoperability such as an integration of $OpenGIS^{TM}$ standard for CORBA. In this paper, we propose an $OpenGIS^{TM}$ compliant mapping kernel. OpenViews, which is designed to meet those requirements. The kernel of OpenViews encapsulates the process of acquiring geospatial data in the format of $OpenGIS^{TM}$ Geometry through ORB(Object Request Broker). OpenViews, being designed based on well-known design patterns, is a highly extensible in that programmers can easily customize it on the object oriented architecture. The components implemented in OpenViews are CORBA/Java objects, and as such are portable and scalable in a networked environment. A companion package, OpenBroker, is also developed as a portable geoprocessing application server to facilitate the implementation and configuration of server side CORBA objects. It can be used for implementing objects for spatial analysis service which would be independent of legacy spatial database systems in many cases. OpenViews, together with OpenBroker, has been successfully prototyped using the technologies including EJB and servlet as the core components of an Open GIS compliant internet mapping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10b
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• pp.228-232
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• 2006

Ontology를 이용한 분산 시각미디어 검색 프레임워크인 HERMES(The Retrieval Framework for Visual Media Service)[1][2]는 보다 정확한 시각미디어 정보를 제공하고 웹서비스(Web Services)를 적용하여 HERMES/Provider[1][2]의 자율성을 보장한다. 웹기반의 분산 환경에서 Visual Media Data에 대한 지능적인 검색을 위하여 Meta Data와 Ontology를 이용하고 이기종간 통신을 위한 웹서비스를 제공하는 HERMES/ Broker[1][2]에서 예상치 못한 문제가 발생할 경우 문제를 해결할 수 있는 방법이 제시되지 않았다. 일반적으로 웹 서비스를 제공하는 서버에서 발생되는 결함은 해당 웹 서비스를 이용하여 개발되는 어플리케이션의 갑작스런 중단이나 오류의 원인이 된다. 따라서 결함을 해결할 수 있는 대책이 필요하며 HERMES의 Broker 서버 또한 웹 서비스의 결함이 발생하더라고 이를 효과적으로 해결하여 클라이언트에게 웹 서비스를 정상적으로 제공할 수 있는 결함허용 시스템 도입이 매우 중요하다. 때문에 HERMES 프레임워크가 클라이언트에게 신뢰성과 안정성이 보장된 웹 서비스의 제공을 위해서 Broker 서버에서 발생할 수 있는 결함을 효과적으로 극복할 수 있는 메커니즘이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 Broker 서버 에서 웹 서비스와 관련된 결함이 발생하더라고 올바르게 운영될 수 있으며 분산 이미지 검색 프레임워크인 HERMES의 구조적 특성에 적합한 결함허용 시스템 설계 기법을 제안하여 HERMES 프레임워크가 클라이언트에게 투명성 있는 서비스를 제공하고 높은 신뢰성과 안정성이 확보될 수 있도록 구성하고자 한다. Query 수행을 여러 서버로 분산처리하게 함으로써 성능에 대한 신뢰성을 향상 시킬 수 있는 Load Balancing System을 제안한다.할 때 가장 효과적인 라우팅 프로토콜이라고 할 수 있다.iRNA 상의 의존관계를 분석할 수 있었다.수안보 등 지역에서 나타난다 이러한 이상대 주변에는 대개 온천이 발달되어 있었거나 새로 개발되어 있는 곳이다. 온천에 이용하고 있는 시추공의 자료는 배제하였으나 온천이응으로 직접적으로 영향을 받지 않은 시추공의 자료는 사용하였다 이러한 온천 주변 지역이라 하더라도 실제는 온천의 pumping 으로 인한 대류현상으로 주변 일대의 온도를 올려놓았기 때문에 비교적 높은 지열류량 값을 보인다. 한편 한반도 남동부 일대는 이번 추가된 자료에 의해 새로운 지열류량 분포 변화가 나타났다 강원 북부 오색온천지역 부근에서 높은 지열류량 분포를 보이며 또한 우리나라 대단층 중의 하나인 양산단층과 같은 방향으로 발달한 밀양단층, 모량단층, 동래단층 등 주변부로 NNE-SSW 방향의 지열류량 이상대가 발달한다. 이것으로 볼 때 지열류량은 지질구조와 무관하지 않음을 파악할 수 있다. 특히 이러한 단층대 주변은 지열수의 순환이 깊은 심도까지 가능하므로 이러한 대류현상으로 지표부근까지 높은 지온 전달이 되어 나타나는 것으로 판단된다.의 안정된 방사성표지효율을 보였다. $^{99m}Tc$-transferrin을 이용한 감염영상을 성공적으로 얻을 수 있었으며, $^{67}Ga$-citrate 영상과 비교하여 더 빠른 시간 안에 우수한 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러므로 $^{99m}Tc$-transierrin이 감염 병소의 영상진단에 사용될 수

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.7C
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2004

The rapid expansion of the Internet has provided users with a diverse range of services. Most Internet users create many different IDs and passwords to subscribe to various Internet services. Thus, the SSO system has been proposed to supplement vulnerable security that may arise from inefficient management system where administrators and users manage a number of ms. The SSO system can provide heightened efficiency and security to users and administrators. Recently commercialized SSO systems integrate a single agent with the broker authentication model. However, this hybrid authentication system cannot resolve problems such as those involving user pre-registration and anonymous users. It likewise cannot provide non-repudiation service between joining objects. Consequently, the hybrid system causes considerable security vulnerability. Since it cannot provide security service for the agent itself, the user's private information and SSO system may have significant security vulnerability. This paper proposed an authentication model that integrates a broker authentication model, out of various authentication models of the SSO system, with a multi-agent system. The proposed method adopts a secure multi-agent system that supplements the security vulnerability of an agent applied to the existing hybrid authentication system. The method proposes an SSO authentication model that satisfies various security requirements not provided by existing broker authentication models and hybrid authentication systems.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.137-142
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• 2016

A two-step open system(TOS) was proposed to relay between a healing platform and a repository of personal health documents. TOS was designed by taking into consideration the pubsub service based on large scale connections to monitor a provider's access/request process for health documents in real time. TOS, however, uses WebSocket as a communication protocol in case of pubsub. Given the operational environment of low quality wireless networks for mobile devices that are user terminals in a healing platform, there is a need to add a messaging protocol to support QoS as well as a transmission protocol. As a light messaging protocol optimized for mobile devices, MQTT defines reliable messaging QoS to consider a wireless network situation of low speed/low quality. This study designed an MQTT protocol-based message broker to support QoS in case of large scale connections and pubsub by taking into consideration mobile devices that are user terminals in a healing platform. After designing a model between TOS and MQTT message broker, the study implemented a prototype based on the proposed design and compared it with its counterparts from previous studies based on the performance indicators in a load-test with the MQTT client tool.