• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1999

The features of special brand eggs are growing more and more diverse and it is hard to draw a clear distinction between these and ordinary (no-brand) eggs. Special brand eggs range from those with objectively recognizable characteristics to those given only an unsubstantial product image and price differentials are among them great, too. The relation between product features and prices is unclear. Special brand eggs are the commodity whose characteristics are the vaguest of all livestock products. Farm's brand eggs produce a high profitability to producers is they are directly sold to consumers, by, for example, home-delivery service. But if they are sold to supermarkets, etc., producer's (poultry farmer's) income becomes lower by the amount of distributors' margin, reducing the profitability substantially. Thus how to increase the ration of retailing is important for farmers to secure a high profit. The sales strategies of poultry are the combination of two elements, that is, new product development (product differentiation) and creation of new market. But it is difficult for special brand egg producers to develop products with clear characteristics (use value) distinct form ordinary eggs and so these producers depend on the factors of appearance, such as the color of egg shells and package. Special brand eggs manage to keep their marketable value by the combination of the few product features and product image. Thus NB eggs from feed producers have a great market-ability since they can take advantage of the power of patents and TV commercials. However, market differentiation affects profitability much more than product features and price gaps are very wide between directly sold and wholesaled eggs. The producers of special brand eggs have come to the turning point where they have to decide whether they will content with being the subcontractors for NB and PB eggs or they will continue to keep their independence in production and marketing.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

Early diagnoses of pregnancy for animal such as swine and bovine is extremely important to increase income of a farmhouse and for the management of farm. For the development of immunoasaay system of pregnancy in swine, we report a competitive heterologous enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the direct measurement of oestrone sulfate (E1S) in diluted urine using anti-E1G (glucuronide) monoclonal antibody which cross react with ElS. The principle of assay was based on the typical solid-phase competitive ELISA methods using E1G-HRP (horseradish peroxidase) as a tracer and E1S for standard. The method had a reasonable sensitivity for the detection of E1S with 0.15 ng/ml as a detection limit. The intra-assay and inter-assay precisions were raging coefficient of from 8.50~9.67% and 8.50~9.87%, respectively, which were quite acceptable. In a field trial with a group 37 sows (18 non-pregnancy and 19 pregnancy sows) after day 29~30 post service, the concentration of E1S were determined to be below 30 ng/ml in all non-pregnancy group and over 48 ng/ml in pregnancy group except one sample. The method described here, heterologous ELISA for the measurement of E1S in urine is good enough for monitoring the early pregnancy test of swine.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine support for education informatization provided by the government agencies and the private sector in a bid to give some suggestions on education informatization, as the three-stage education informatization plan was soon going to be completed. And it's found that the government agencies pushed ahead with the education informatization plan to boost national competitiveness, and their policies primarily focused on coping with the dysfunction of informatization and narrowing information divide. On the contrary, the private sector moved ahead with the plans that aimed at building necessary infrastructure in underdeveloped areas and providing various sorts of support involving education to the low-income classes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.355-363
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• 2008

Objectives : Most studies about multiple roles and women's health suggested that combining with paid job, being married and having children was more likely to improve health status than in case of single or traditional roles. We investigated whether there was better health outcome in multiple roles among Korean women coinciding with previous studies of other nations. Methods : Data were from the 2005 Korea National Health & Nutritional Examination Survey, a subsample of women aged 25-59 years (N=2,943). Health status was assessed for self-rated poor health, perceived stress and depression, respectively based on one questionnaire item. The age-standardized prevalence of all health outcomes were calculated by role categories and socioeconomic status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of self rated health, perceived stress, and depression with multiple roles adjusted for age, education, household income, number of children and age of children. Results : Having multiple roles with working role was not associated with better health and psychological wellbeing. Compared to those with traditional roles, employed women more frequently experienced perceived stress, with marital and/or parental roles. Non-working single mothers suffered depression more often than women with traditional roles or other role occupancy. Socioeconomic status indicators were potent independent correlates of self-rated health and perceived stress. Conclusions : Employment of women with other roles did not confer additional health benefit to traditional family responsibility. Juggling of work and family responsibility appeared more stressful than traditional unemployed parental and marital role in Korean women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.318-325
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• 2014

The aim is to analyze a performance evaluation of local governmental public hospitals. Data were collected from public disclosure system DB of National Tax Service on 15 July 2013. Twenty-two income statements of local governmental public hospitals were analyzed using descriptive statistic analysis. The analyzing factors were medical operating profit, contribution margin, and trend of operating profit. The important result was that the medical operating profit was negative, average medical operating profit was -4,678.9 million won. However, the contribution margin was positive in all local governmental public hospitals, and average contribution margin was 12,572.5 million won. The trend of operating profit was positive in 15 local governmental public hospitals between 2011 and 2012. The average increased operating profit was 1,299.1 million won. Through this result, we suggest that not only individual public health hospital perspective, but also the enterprise wide perspective like nation was significantly considered to make decision of closure or maintain of local governmental public hospitals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.318-327
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• 2014

Today, Competition in employment among the youth is more intensified and this phenomena lead to youth unemployment problems. This study was conducted to found the influence of youth employment effort on labor participation. We studied what variables could affect motivation of employment preparation especially among undergraduate and graduated students. We used 3rd~5th(2009~2011) 'Youth Panel Data' designed by Korean Employment Information Service. Data we adjusted were male(3,481) female(3,770). We applied the Generalized Estimating Equations to Panel logit model. We found that job education and training, career guidance, job shadowing program, getting new certification, sex, age and change of gross income affected employment preparation with controling education factors, socio-economic factors. This study found the effort of employment preparation was significant impact on labor participation and showed an influence on each variable empirically. We suggest that the youth-unemployment problem there is a need to approach fundamental aspects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.159-169
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• 2016

In recent years, the population structure has been changed by the progresses of 6th-industrialization and transportation in farming areas. This study aims to suggest a regional development plan of farming areas in accordance with the demographic changes. Population structure indicators were derived from previous studies and literature review in order to identify the types of farming areas. Demographic indicators separated to depopulation and population growth in farming areas through a standardized scoring method. This research found that the division of economy is not only the most important division in any other regional development divisions but also necessary to develop new sources of non-farm income through traditional culture, natural environment. In the social division, it is necessary to secure the facilities for the formation of a sense of community to multicultural families and existing residents in farming areas. In the environmental division, it is desirable to improve the quality and satisfaction of life for residents such as the sidewalk and park that utilize ecological environment, culture, history for both depopulation and population region. In the physical division, there is a need for improvement of the facilities of basic living infrastructure service such as roads, water supply and sewerage systems. In the institution division, sustainable financial support of the central government policy for farming areas is crucial for the improvement of residential environment in the farming areas of depopulation and population region.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.206-215
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• 2014

Objectives: The hospital standardized mortality ratio (HSMR) has been widely used because it allows for robust risk adjustment using administrative data and is important for improving the quality of patient care. Methods: All inpatients discharged from hospitals with more than 700 beds (66 hospitals) in 2008 were eligible for inclusion. Using the claims data, 29 most responsible diagnosis (MRDx), accounting for 80% of all inpatient deaths among these hospitals, were identified, and inpatients with those MRDx were selected. The final study population included 703 571 inpatients including 27 718 (3.9% of all inpatients) in-hospital deaths. Using logistic regression, risk-adjusted models for predicting in-hospital mortality were created for each MRDx. The HSMR of individual hospitals was calculated for each MRDx using the model coefficients. The models included age, gender, income level, urgency of admission, diagnosis codes, disease-specific risk factors, and comorbidities. The Elixhauser comorbidity index was used to adjust for comorbidities. Results: For 26 out of 29 MRDx, the c-statistics of these mortality prediction models were higher than 0.8 indicating excellent discriminative power. The HSMR greatly varied across hospitals and disease groups. The academic status of the hospital was the only factor significantly associated with the HSMR. Conclusions: We found a large variation in HSMR among hospitals; therefore, efforts to reduce these variations including continuous monitoring and regular disclosure of the HSMR are required.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate into company workers' oral scaling related factors and enhance a rate of oral scaling. Methods : From August 2010, self-administered questionnaires of the about general question items, oral health relation factors, knowledge of periodontal disease for oral scaling performed, in 267 people worker objects. Results : The followings are the findingd of this research. First, Oral scaling experiences were responded by 205 people(76.8%). Among those prevention the case which enforces with a goal periodically 6 month period 7.3% and the period of 1 years is 28.8%, be most inconvenient is cold(50.7%), with motive is dentistry visits inducement for tooth therapy which 51.2%, Non experience in oral scaling was responded by 62 people(23.2%), 45.2% of whom answered they had no necessity for such treatment. Second, Knowledge of periodontal disease is 'dental calculus and stain loses toothbrush quality did eagerly' incorrect one right answer ratio is highest with 86.5%, 'Becoming the adult being made to draw out tooth is periodontitis than decay' was incorrect one right answer rate was lowest with 62.9%. Third, The workers' sex, service field, one month average income, Currently the oral inconvenient presence, oral health Interest degree, tooth brushing method, knowledge of periodontitis have a significant effect on their oral scaling experience. Conclusions : When seeing with result of above, it is necessary of the oral scaling widely with the method which is various includes a mass communication by causing the changes in the perception of oral scaling. The dental hygienist is inconvenience from oral scaling experience have interest when is possible the patient comfortably, in order could be operated, endeavors demanded.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.355-365
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• 2020

Background: This study is aimed to verify individual and regional-level factors affecting the depression of Koreans and to develop social programs for improving the depressive status. Methods: This study used individual-level variables from the Korean Community Health Survey (2018) and used the e-regional index of the Korean Statistical Information Service as the regional-level variable. A multi-level logistic regression was executed to identify individual and regional-level variables that were expected to affect the extent of depressive symptoms and to draw the receiver operating characteristic curve to compare the volume of impact between variables from both levels. Results: The results of the multi-level logistic regression analysis in regards to individual-level factors showed that older age, female gender, a lower income level, a lower education level, not having a spouse, the practice of walking, the consumption of breakfast higher levels of stress, and having high blood pressure or diabetes were associated with a greater increase in depressive symptoms. In terms of regional factors, areas with fewer cultural facilities and fewer car registration had higher levels of depressive symptoms. The comparison of area under the curve showed that individual factors had a greater influence than regional factors. Conclusion: This study showed that while both, individual and regional-level factors affect depression, the influence of the latter was relatively weaker as compared to the first. In this sense, it is necessary to develop programs focused on the individual, such as social prescribing at the local or community-level, rather than the city and nation-level approach that are currently prevalent.