• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.535-539
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of fermented chub mackerel extract (FCME) on lipid metabolism in rats fed diets without cholesterol. Four week-old male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats with 0, 1% or 2% FCME supplementation to the diets. Purified diets were used in the present study. Feed and water were fed ad libitum. FCME supplementation had no effect on the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, and the content of free cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in the liver (p>0.05). 1% FCME supplementation significantly increased serum triglyceride (p<0.05) and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity (p<0.05) with no effect on serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol and phospholipid concentration. FCME supplementation significantly reduced serum LDL+VLDL-cholesterol (p<0.01) and atherogenic index (p<0.01) with no effect on HDL-cholesterol. The current study showed that FCME inclusion might reduce the risk of atherosclerosis in rats fed diet without cholesterol.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제3권
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• pp.174-180
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• 1985

쥐의 암컷에서 유리불포화지방산, 인지질, creatinine 및 prostaglandin의 혈액내 함량을 측정하여 실험 동물로써의 생리적인 기초자료를 제공하고 또한 임신일수와 분만후 경과시간에 따른 이들 성분의 변화를 관찰하여 임신과 분만에 미치는 영향에 대하여 예비정보를 제공하기 위하여 본 실험을 실시하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 5마리의 임신하지 않는 쥐를 대조군으로 하고 임신한 쥐 35마리를 5마리씩 7군으로 나누어 (5개의 임신군과 2개의 분만군) 100일 동안 실험을 실시하였다. 본 실험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 유리불포화지방산 함량은 $6.74{\sim}8.22mg/d{\ell}$의 범위였고 각 실험군간에는 현저한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 임신21일군이 $6.74mg/d{\ell}$로 비교적 낮은 수준이었다. 2) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 인지질 함량은 $86{\sim}105mg/d{\ell}$의 범위였고 임신21일군과 분만후 36시간군이 비교적 낮은 수준이었지만, 각 실험군 및 전체임신군과 전체분만군의 평균함량간에는 현저한 차이는 없었다. 3) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 creatinine 함량은 $0.64{\sim}0.84mg/d{\ell}$의 범위였고 각 실험군간에 현저한 차이가 안정되지 않았지만, 임신21일군이 비교적 높은 수준이었다. 4) 쥐 암컷의 혈액내 prostaglandin 함량은 $324.4{\sim}1208pg/m{\ell}$로써 대조군($545.2pg/m{\ell}$)에 비하여 임신9일($324.4pg/m{\ell}$), 12일($336.9pg/m{\ell}$) 및 15일($348pg/m{\ell}$)군 등이 낮은 수준인데 비하여 임신18일군($736pg/m{\ell}$)부터 대조군보다 증가되기 시작하여 임신21일군($942.8pg/m{\ell}$)과 분만후 12시간군($1208pg/m{\ell}$)까지 계속 증가하여 최고수준에 달했으며 분만후 36시간군($1198.4pg/m{\ell}$)도 대조군에 비하여 현저하게 높은 수준이었다. 그리고 각 실험군간에는 현저한(p<0.01)차이가 안정되었고 특히 전체임신군의 평균함량이 $538.2pg/m{\ell}$로써 대조군에 비하여 낮았고, 전체분만군의 평균함량이 $1203.2pg/m{\ell}$로써 대조군과 천체임신군의 평균함량보다 매우 높은 수준이었다. 5) 쥐 암컷의 혈청내 유리불포화지방산, 인지질 및 creatinine 함량은 임신일수와 분만후 경과시간에 따라 큰 영향을 받지않는 것으로 생각되지만, 임신말기와 분만후에 약간의 변화가 있었다. 6) 쥐 암컷의 혈액내 prostaglandin 함량은 분만개시에 중요한 역할을 한다고 생각된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 1989

[ $\omega3$ ] 고도불포화지방산의 투여가 체중변화, 단백질, 인지질 및 콜레스테롤 함량에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 정어리유에서 분리한 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산, 식물유 및 동물성지방 (대조군)을 $10\%$가 되도록 첨가한 사료로써 실험동물에 6주간 투여하였다. 체중변화는 어유 투여군이 대조군에 비해 $11.1\%\~14.4\%$로 감소하였고, 또 식물유인 옥수수기름 투여군에 비해서는 $16.4\%\~23.3\%$로 감소하였다. 간장에서의 단백질 함량은 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산과 정어리 기름 투여군에 비해 $6.78\%\~8.51\%$로 약간 증가하였지만, 뇌 및 혈청에서는 유의성이 없었다. 간장의 마이크로좀에서의 인지질함량은 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산과 정어리 기름 투여군이 대조군에 비해 감소하는 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 더우기 이들 어유 투여군은 대조군에 비해 혈청 콜레스테롤 함량이 효과적으로 감소되었다. 따라서 $\omega3$ 고도불포화지방산을 포함한 어유는 단백질 합성을 촉진함은 물론 체중 증가와 인지질 함량을 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 콜레스테롤 함량을 효과적으로 감소시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1031-1039
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• 2017

누에 분말에 단백질 분해력이 뛰어난 Bacillus subtilis KACC 91157 균주를 이용하여 Orotic acid-유발 지방간의 개선 효과를 알아보기 위해 발효누에 추출물을 식이에 5%, 10% 수준으로 각각 첨가하였다. 발효누에 추출물은 orotic acid 지방간 유발 흰쥐의 간 기능 생화학적 지표로 이용되는 AST, ALT, ALP 및 LDH 활성을 감소시켜주고, 혈청 지질농도를 정상 수준으로 회복시켜주어 지방간 개선에 도움을 주었다. 또한 지방간 유발로 저하된 glutathione 농도를 증가시켜주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 간 조직의 병리학적 관찰 결과 SP10 투여군과 BSP5 투여군에 비해 BSP10 투여군에서 간 소엽을 구성하는 간 세포들이 전반적으로 균일하게 배열되어 정상군의 간 소견과 비슷한 양상을 보여 지방간 개선에 효과가 있는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 결과 보아 고초균 발효누에 추출물은 지방간 개선효과를 가지는 건강기능식품 소재로서 활용 가능성이 높은 것으로 사료되어 진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2007

Aflatoxin은 Aspergillus속 곰팡이로부터 생성되며 사람에게 있어서 간독성 및 간암을 유발하는 잠재력을 가진 곰팡이 독소이며, 지질과산화 반응은 aflatoxin $B_1$에 의한 세포 산화적 손상 시 발생하는 주요 현상 중의 하나이다. 방사선은 수술, 항암약물요법과 더불어 임상 시 중요한 치료방법이나, 정상세포에 방사선을 조사하였을 때 반응성이 높은 활성산소와 과산화라디칼$(OH{\cdot})$을 생성하여 세포막의 불포화지방산을 지질과산화물로 변성시켜 세포 산화적 손상을 일으킨다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 aflatoxin $B_1$과 방사선조사 후 유도된 간과 혈청의 지질성분 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 vitamin C의 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. X-ray 조사는 실험기간 내 단 1회로 실험사육기간 첫 일에 조사하였고 X-ray 조사 후 vitamin C를 투여하였으며 vitamin C 투여 1시간 후 $AFB_1$을 투여하였다. Vitamin C와 $AFB_1$은 모두 복강투여로 실험 사육 첫 일부터 1회 시작하여 3일에 한번씩, 5회 반복 투였으며 실험동물 사육기간은 총 15일로 하였다. 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도는 $1\sim5$군에서 유의적인 차이를 볼 수 없었는데 방사선과 $AFB_1$을 함께 처리한 6군에서는 $130.37{\pm}9.14mg/dL$로서 전군에서 가장 높은 수치를 나타낸 반면 6군에 vitamin C를 혼합 투여한 7군에서는 $90.23{\pm}6.15mg/dL$로서 가장 낮았으며 이는 중성지질과 유사한 경향이었다. 또한 간장의 총콜레스테롤과 유리 콜레스테롤도 이와 유사한 경향이었다. HDL 농도는 방사선과 $AFB_1$을 함께 처리한 것에 vitamin C를 혼합 투여한 7군이 $59.57{\pm}9.56mg/dL$로서 p<0.01 수준에서 현저히 증가하였다. 혈청의 인지질과 콜레스테롤 에스테르의 지방산 조성에서 vitamin C를 혼합 투여한 3,5,7군에서 PUFA 함량이 증가한 반면, SFA 함량은 감소하여 P/S 비율, n-3P/n-6P 비율은 증가하는 경향이었으며 이는 간장의 인지질, 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 총 지질의 지방산조성에서도 같은 경향을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1123-1131
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• 1997

This study examined the effect of dietary lipids and guar gum on lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats. The experimental animals received ovarietomy (OVX). Lipids sources were divided into 3 groups (soybean oil(SB), beef tallow(BT)) and fish oil(FO)) and guar gum was supplemented to each lipid diet (SBG, BTG, FOG). Experimental diets were fed to therats for 16 weeks. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the BT group and lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group .Serum total cholesterol (Tc) and HDL-C levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum LDL-C and phospholipid levels were lower in the FO group as compared to the SB group. Serum lipids levels were lowered by guar gum supplement. Serum SFA(saturated fatty acids) contents were not significantly influenced by dietary lipids and guar gum. Serum MUFA(monounsaturated fatty acids) contents were the lowest in the SB group. Fecal weight was highest in the beef tallow group and lowest in the fish oil group. Fecal weight was increased by guar gum supplement in all lipid groups. Total bile acid content in feces was increased by guar gum supplement in the soybean oil and beef tallow groups. The endothelial cells of the beef tallow group changed from a flat shape to distorted round and enlarged shapes. The subendothelial layer was the thickness the thickest in the beef tallow group ; the interspace between elastic lamina was widened and elastic lamina was straightened and partly disrupted . The fish oil group showed more porminient endothelial cells and subendothelial layer. Internal elastic membrane and elastic lamina exhibited regularly wavy shapes. Guar gum supplement showed positive effects in all lipids groups. Based on the above results , it is suggested that beef tallow increased serum TG levels and injured the wall of the aorta. On the other hand, fish oil , which decreased serum lipid levels, has a positive effect on the walls of the aorta. Guar gum protects the aorta from injury by reducing the serum lipid levels. Therefore, it is suggested that soybean oil and beef tallow consumed with guar gum is beneficial.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.627-633
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• 1995

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of various dietary vitamin $B_6$ levels on conversion from linoleic acid to arachidonic acid in various tissues in growing chicks. Growing chicks were fed the purified diet containing 7% safflower oil with different levels of vitamin $B_6$ (0, 4, 8, 40, 80 mg per kg diet) for 14 days. Feed intake and weight gain in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet were markedly depressed. Esterified and free cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly higher, while the serum triglyceride concentration was significantly lover in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet compared to that fed diets with vitamin $B_6$. The liver triglyceride content was also lower in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet. The liver and serum cholesterol ester fractions in chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet showed higher rate of $C_{18:2n6}$ and lower rates of $C_{18:3n6}$, $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ as compared with vitamin $B_6$ fed groups. In serum phospholipid fraction of chicks fed the vitamin $B_6$-free diet, rates of $C_{20:3n6}$ and $C_{20:4n6}$ were markedly lower. As dietary vitamin $B_6$ level was increased, the rate of $C_{20:4n6}$ was slightly increased, although it was statistically not significant. The fatty acid compositions of adipose tissue showed almost the same pattern as those in liver and serum. This result suggests that the desaturation of $C_{18:2n6}$ to $C_{18:3n6}$, elongation to $C_{20:3n6}$ or both steps might be impaired by vitamin $B_6$ deficiency in growing chicks.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.795-807
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the effects of caffeine on the lipid and protein components or blood chemistry levels of the serum as well as the total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of the rat(Sprague-Dawley, female) liver. Acute test were conducted to determine those effects. The acute test was conducted by dividing rats into 7 groups according to the time lapsed after a single oral administration of 100mg/kg caffeine(that is control, 2hrs, 4hrs, 8hrs, 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs lapsed group). The concentrations of glucose, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid, phospholipid as well as the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were measured in the serum of each experimental groups. The concentrations of the carbonyl group, malondialdehyde(MDA) and the patterns of the SDS-PAGE(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) were analyzed to determine the oxidative damages and metabolic changes on the lipid and protein components in the serum, and total homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of the rat liver. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. The concentrations of serum glucose were significantly higher(p<0.01) between 4(143.0mg/dl) and 8hrs(138.0mg/dl) in comparison to that of the control(101.1mg/dl) after a single oral administration of caffeine(100mg/kg). While on the other, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin(A/G) ratio in comparison to those of the control. 2. The concentrations of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum were significantly higher(p<0.01) between 4(77.4mg/dl, total cholesterol) and 8hrs(64.7mg/dl, HDL-cholesterol) in comparison to those of the control(62.8, 46.7mg/dl) after a single oral administration of caffeine(100mg/kg). On the other hand, the concentrations of triglyceride in serum were significantly lower(p<0.01) after 8hrs(38.8mg/dl) in comparison to that of the control(66.5mg/dl). 3. The activities of AST in serum was significantly higher(p<0.05) from 2hrs(149U/L) to 8hrs(178U/L) in comparison to the control(112U/L) after a single oral administration of caffeine(100mg/kg). The activities of ALT in serum were significantly higher(p<0.01) at 4(45.5U/L), 24(49.3U/L), 48(46.8U/L) and 72 hrs(42.3U/L) in comparison to that of the control(39.7U/L) after a single oral administration of caffeine(100mg/kg). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the activities of ALP in comparison to that of the control. 4. The concentrations of free fatty acid in serum were significantly higher(p<0.01) at 8hrs(65.0mg/dl) in comparison to that of the control(37.6mg/dl) after a single oral administration of caffeine(100mg/kg). However, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of carbonyl group and malondialdehyde within serum, and liver homogenate, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in comparison to that of the control. 5. The patterns of SDS-PAGE in serum, mitochondrial and microsomal fraction of the liver showed no significant differences.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1001-1008
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to investigate the body weight-regulatory effects of Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Control group rats were fed with high fat diet and administered normal saline for 8weeks. Experimental groups rats were fed with high fat diet and administered extract of 2 kind of Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma each other for 8 weeks. And observed that, body weight of rats and total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid, high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol in serum of rats, and glucose, insulin of rats. The results were as follows; There were significant decrease of serum free ratty acid level in 4CH/sub 5/ group. There were significant decrease of serum glucose level in 4CH/sub 10/ group. According to above mentioned results, Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang plus Zeae Stigma was expected to be applied to the prevention or treatment of obesity and its complications.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2000

We experimented with several prescriptions in order to find cure and prevention effects for obesity. We fed control group rats a high fat diet and adiministered normal saline for 8weeks. We fed experimental group rats a high fat diet and administered extract of four prescriptions for 8weeks. The results were as follows; 1. The serum total cholesterol level in Bikam-whan and Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with Control group. 2. The serum triglyceride level in Bikam-whan, Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang and Chekambangpungtongseong-san group showed a significant decrease in comparison with Control group. 3. The serum free fatty acid level in Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang and Chekambohyulansin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with Control group. 4. The serum total lipid level in Bikam-whan, Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang and Chekambohyulansin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with Control group. 5. The serum phospholipid level in Bikam-whan and Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with Control group. 6. The serum glucose level in Bikam-whan and Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang group showed a significant decrease in comparison with Control group. According to the above results, Bikam-whan and Chekamhanghyuluiyiin-tang has shown to be capable of curing and preventing obesty.