• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.375-386
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the changes in energy substrates, glucose and non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA), and fatty acid compositions in serum, following physiolgical stress in rats fed diets containing various fatty acids. Forty two Sprague-Dawley strain male rats, weighing 108$\pm$2.1g, were fed 3 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 105 fat(w/w) of either corn oil(CO;18:2 n6:57%), plant perilla oil(PO;18:3 n3:59%), or tuna fish oil(FO;20:5 n3:17%%, 22:6 n3:19%). After 4 weeks of feeding, each group wa subdiveided into (a) control, (b) 2 min swim in ice-cold water. Animals wer decapitated 20min after commencing the swim; trunk blood, brain, liver and epididymal fat pad were obtained. The levels of serum corticosterone, glucose, NEFA, triglyceride, fatty acid compositions, brain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined. Basal levels of corticosterone na NEFA of serum were significantly lower in fish oil fed animals than those of any other oil fed animals. Compared to either perilla oil-fed or corn oil-fed rats, cold swim stress in fish oil fed rats produced significantly smaller NEFA and larger corticosterone responses. However, there was no significant difference in basal levels of serum glucose. Stress increased serum glucose levels slightly, and the amount of increment was larger in fish oil rats than those of any other oil fed rats than those of any other oil fed rats, although all the values were normal level. Dietary fats and stress did not affect serotonin metabolism. In additions, the composition of fatty acids in serum was significantly affected by the dietary compostion of fatty acids and stress. Stress induced decreases in monounsaturated fatty acid and non-polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration in either perilla oil fed or fish group, but did not in corn oil fed group. Stress resulted in changes in fatty acid metabolism similar to that associated with essential fatty acid(EFA) dificiency, when feeding animals n-3 fatty acids in diet. In conclusion, feeding fish oil was more effective to decrease NEFA in serum than feeding perilla oil or corn oil and improved lipid metabolism, when the rats were maintained in normal or exposed to stressful environment. However, the fact that feeding diet containing n-3 fatty acids decreased EFA status under stress suggests that the requirement of n-6 PUFA should be increased in these groups.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Lentinus edodes which were harvested at different times of maturity on blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic mice. The diabetic KK mice were fed diets supplemented with Lentinus edodes harvested early (LE) or late (LL) for eight weeks, and control (CO) mice were fed regular diet without Lentinus edodes. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight, blood glucose and serum lipid levels were measured. The mice which were fed diets supplemented with LE and LL showed significantly lower body weights compared to the CO group. There were no significant differences in the diet intake and the weights of different organs including liver, heart, kidneys, and epididymal fat pad among three different groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were significantly lower in LE and LL groups compared to the CO group. These results clearly demonstrate that Lentinus edodes, regardless of their harvested period reduced body weight and serum lipid without affecting blood glucose level in diabetic mice.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1459-1466
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• 2006

The water extract of Hwansodan has been traditionally used for treatment of ischemic brain damage in oriental medicine. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extract of Hwansodan rescues cells from neurodegenerative disease. PC12 pheochromocytoma cells have been used extensively as a model for studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal cell damages. Under deprivation of growth factor and ischemic injury, PC12 cells spontaneously undergoes apoptotic cell death. Serum and glucose deprivation markedly decreased the viability of PC12 cells, which was characterized with apparent apoptotic features such as membrane blebbing as well as fragmentation of genomic DNA and nuclei. However, the aqueous extract of Hwansodan significantly reduced serum and glucose deprivation-induced cell death and apoptotic characteristics through reduction of intracellular peroxide generation. Pretreatment of Hwansodan also ingibited the activation of caspase-3, in turn, degradation of ICAD/DFF45 was completely abolished in serum and glucose deprivated cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of Hwansodan obviously increased heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in PC12 cells. Taken together, the data suggest that the protective effects of Hwansodan against serum and glucose deprivation induced oxidative injuries may be achieved through the scavenging of reactive oxygene species accompanying with HO-1 induction.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.361-373
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• 1996

An attempt was made to study the effects of dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan on the muscle recovery from exhaustion after severe exercise. Before rats were given severe swimming exercise, Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan were admisterd. Then, the blood lactate level, the serum activities of LDH, CPK and the serum levels of FFA and glucose were measured. The results were as follows; 1. The level of the blood lactate were significantly decreased in the group of Dangguibohyultang. 2. The activities of serum LDH were significantly decreased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan. 3. The activities of serum CPK were significantly decreased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan. 4. The levels of serum FFA were significantly decreased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang. 5. The levels of serum glucose were significantly increased in the groups of Dangguibohyultang and Ssangbohwan. According to the above results, it is concluded that Dangguibohyultang was more effective on the muscle recovery than Ssangbohwan in rats.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of a polyherbal aqueous extract (Curcuma longa Linn., Emblica officinalis Gaertn., Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn., Enicostemma littorale Blume) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Short term experiments showed a decrease in blood glucose levels at $2^{nd}\;hr$ of administration of the aqueous extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats with increase in serum insulin levels. The extract did not show any effect on blood glucose or serum insulin levels in normoglycaemic rats. Treatment with the extract (1.5 g dry plant equivalent extarct/100 g body weight/day) for 20 days in diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and an increase in serum insulin levels. The aqueous extract also showed an enhanced glucose-induced insulin release at 11.1 mM glucose from isolated rat pancreatic islets. The extract did not show any toxicity at the particular dose used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.1607-1611
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• 2015

This study investigated the regulatory effects of African mango (Irvingia gabonesis, IGOB $131^{TM}$) extract on blood glucose level in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Experimental groups were treated with two different doses of IGOB $131^{TM}$ (1% and 2% in each AIN93G supplement) for 5 weeks [4 weeks pre-treatment and 1 week post-STZ treatment (60 mg/kg body weight)]. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significantly reduced body weight gain compared to normal control (NC). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured using glucose oxidase-peroxidase reactive strips. The area of under the curve for the glucose response from OGTT in STZ-induced diabetic rats was higher than that of NC rats, and there was a significant difference between the DM and the IGOB $131^{TM}$-treated groups. Serum glucose levels after sacrifice were significantly lower in the IGOB $131^{TM}$ group than the DM group. However, there was no statistical difference between low- and high-dose treatments. Serum insulin levels increased by 234.4% and 175.9%, respectively, upon treatment with IGOB $131^{TM}$. Serum lipid profiles were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The tested samples had no effects on serum levels of lipid profiles (triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein/very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol). These results suggest that IGOB $131^{TM}$ is able to ameliorate diabetes by reducing serum glucose levels that may result from increased insulin levels.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.705-708
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• 2007

The objective of the study was to observe the anti-diabetic effect of Solani nigri Herba(SH). The following experimental results were derived from the measurement of the levels of glucose, GOT and GPT in the serum and weight from a group of experimental rats by way of the injection of streptozotocin as well as the oral administration of Solani nigri Herba water extracts. The glucose level in the serum significantly decreased in the Solani nigri Herba-dosed group(SH2,12.6 mg/100 g rat weight) on the 10th day. The GOT level of SHI(4.2 mg/100 g Solani nigri Herba) and SH2 in the serum slightly decreased, but no significance to compare with control group. The GPT level of SH1 and SH2 in the serum slightly decreased, but no significance to compare with control group. The weight of rat of SH1 and SH2 in the serum slightly increased, but no significance to compare with control group. In conclusion, Solani nigri Herba appeared to have significance inhibitory effects on the rise of blood sugar level in the experimentally induced diabetics.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of Corni Fructus (Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.) extract on blood glucose and insulin resistance in db/db mice. Seven weeks old male mice were divided into normal control group (NC), diabetic control group (DC) and Corni Fructus treated diabetic group (DCF). Over an 8-week experimental period, Corni Fructus extract was administered orally at 500 mg/kg BW/day. Corni Fructus inhibited increase in blood glucose level during the OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test). At 8 weeks after beginning of the experiment, blood glucose level in the DCF group was significantly lower (p<0.01) than the DC group. Final fasting serum glucose and triglyceride in the DCF group were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the DC group by 32% and 41% respectively. Serum insulin did not differ among the NC, DC and DCF groups. The mRNA expression of adiponectin, GLUT 4 and PPAR-$\gamma$ in adipose tissue in the DC group were significantly lower than the NC group and they were higher in the DCF group than the DC group by 76%, 130% (p<0.05) and 43%, respectively. In conclusion, these results indicated that Corni Fructus would have antidiabetic effects via improving insulin resistance in favor of higher glucose utilization and reducing blood glucose level in db/db mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.601-607
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• 1996

Nineteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic(NIDD) and healthy control women were investigated to study the relationship between glycemic control and the level of calcium, zinc, and magnesium in the serum and urine. Urinary calcium, zinc and magnesium levels in the NIDD women were significantly higher(p<0.01) than those of the control women. There were no difference in serum magnesium and zinc levels between the two groups, but se겨m calcium level was lower(p<0.01) in the NIDD women compared to that of the control group. In the NIDD women, serum magnesium was negatively related to fasting blood glucose(r=-0.533 : p<0.05), urinary glucose(r=-0.767 ; P<0.001), urinary protein(r=-0.476 : p<0.05), and urine volume(r=-0.571 : p<0.05). The levels of zinc in both serum (r=0.515, p<0.05) and urine(r=0.623 : p<0.01) were related to urinary protein but only urinary zinc level(r=0.570 : p<0.01) was related to serum albumin. Urinary magnesium, not calcium was correlated with the urinary glucose(r=0.563 : p<0.05) and urinary protein(r=0.568 ; p<0.05). Fasting blood glucose was positively correlated with duration of diabetes, as well as dietary fat and calorie intake. The results of this study suggest that NIDD alters all magnesium, zinc, and calcium utilization, particularly magnesium is involved in glycemic control in this condition.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

In India, Tectona grandis is traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and lipid disorder. In the present study, the antihyperglycemic and lipid lowering effect of ethanolic extract of bark of Tectona grandis (TG) was evaluated using alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Alloxan was given at the dose of 140 mg/kg, i.p. After induction of diabetes, TG was administered for 42 days p. o. and simultaneously different biochemical parameters like plasma glucose, liver glycogen content, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were estimated. Diabetic control showed significant increase (P < 0.01) in plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and significant decrease (P < 0.01) in serum HDL-cholesterol and liver glycogen content. Treatment with TG showed significant reduction (P < 0.01) in plasma glucose when compared with diabetic control. The elevated levels of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) by TG. TG treatment for 42 days showed significant decrease in serum LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.01) and significant increase in serum HDL-cholesterol level (P < 0.01). Moreover, diabetic control there was significant decrease in liver glycogen content which was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by treatment with TG. Hence, from the result obtained in the present study it can be concluded that Tectona grandis has the potential to treat diabetes condition and associated lipid disorder.