• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-104
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• 2020

Recently, as deep learning has attracted attention, the use of deep learning is being considered as a method for solving problems in various fields. In particular, deep learning is known to have excellent performance when applied to applying unstructured data such as text, sound and images, and many studies have proven its effectiveness. Owing to the remarkable development of text and image deep learning technology, interests in image captioning technology and its application is rapidly increasing. Image captioning is a technique that automatically generates relevant captions for a given image by handling both image comprehension and text generation simultaneously. In spite of the high entry barrier of image captioning that analysts should be able to process both image and text data, image captioning has established itself as one of the key fields in the A.I. research owing to its various applicability. In addition, many researches have been conducted to improve the performance of image captioning in various aspects. Recent researches attempt to create advanced captions that can not only describe an image accurately, but also convey the information contained in the image more sophisticatedly. Despite many recent efforts to improve the performance of image captioning, it is difficult to find any researches to interpret images from the perspective of domain experts in each field not from the perspective of the general public. Even for the same image, the part of interests may differ according to the professional field of the person who has encountered the image. Moreover, the way of interpreting and expressing the image also differs according to the level of expertise. The public tends to recognize the image from a holistic and general perspective, that is, from the perspective of identifying the image's constituent objects and their relationships. On the contrary, the domain experts tend to recognize the image by focusing on some specific elements necessary to interpret the given image based on their expertise. It implies that meaningful parts of an image are mutually different depending on viewers' perspective even for the same image. So, image captioning needs to implement this phenomenon. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method to generate captions specialized in each domain for the image by utilizing the expertise of experts in the corresponding domain. Specifically, after performing pre-training on a large amount of general data, the expertise in the field is transplanted through transfer-learning with a small amount of expertise data. However, simple adaption of transfer learning using expertise data may invoke another type of problems. Simultaneous learning with captions of various characteristics may invoke so-called 'inter-observation interference' problem, which make it difficult to perform pure learning of each characteristic point of view. For learning with vast amount of data, most of this interference is self-purified and has little impact on learning results. On the contrary, in the case of fine-tuning where learning is performed on a small amount of data, the impact of such interference on learning can be relatively large. To solve this problem, therefore, we propose a novel 'Character-Independent Transfer-learning' that performs transfer learning independently for each character. In order to confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology, we performed experiments utilizing the results of pre-training on MSCOCO dataset which is comprised of 120,000 images and about 600,000 general captions. Additionally, according to the advice of an art therapist, about 300 pairs of 'image / expertise captions' were created, and the data was used for the experiments of expertise transplantation. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the caption generated according to the proposed methodology generates captions from the perspective of implanted expertise whereas the caption generated through learning on general data contains a number of contents irrelevant to expertise interpretation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach of specialized image interpretation. To achieve this goal, we present a method to use transfer learning and generate captions specialized in the specific domain. In the future, by applying the proposed methodology to expertise transplant in various fields, we expected that many researches will be actively conducted to solve the problem of lack of expertise data and to improve performance of image captioning.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2007

This study examined the influences of current education programs for preservice chemistry teachers upon preservice science teachers' self-images as science teachers by using Draw-A-Science-Teacher-Test Checklist (DASTT-C). Seventy-two juniors and fifty-three seniors were selected from the department of chemistry education or department of science education (chemistry major) in three colleges of education. DASTT-C was administered to the juniors before having science education courses, and to the seniors before and after teaching practices. The results revealed that preservice science teachers' self-images as science teachers were more ‘teacher-centered' than ‘student-centered'. Only a few preservice science teachers exhibited ‘student-centered' images after having science education courses including the contents on constructivism. The self-images of some preservice science teachers even changed from ‘student-centered' to ‘teacher-centered' after having teaching practices. Many preservice science teachers answered that the main factors affected to their self-images as science teachers were prior teaching-learning experiences and/or the lim itations in the real situations. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.157-180
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• 2012

The purposes of this study are to design and apply an experienced-based reading program using picture books for the struggling readers to improve their reading ability; and to analyze and verify how this program influences their self-esteem. The final objects of this study are 53 struggling readers who are 1-4th graders in 8 elementary schools. For this, the specific goals are set up as follows: First, an experience-based reading program using ADDIE teaching design model and Kolb's experience learning cycle are planned and developed to improve reading abilities and self-esteem of the struggling readers. Second, it also aimed to clarify how the experience-based reading program using picture books influence the struggling readers' self-esteem in affective ones. As a result, this experience-based reading program using picture books is effective on improving the struggling readers' self-esteem, generally. Although the degree of improvement is different from each of the subordinate factors, the overall scores of self-esteem are raised. This study suggests that an experience-based reading program using picture books is appropriate for improving the affective characteristics of the struggling readers. And it is also needed to produce a research manual to get the same test condition that prescribes the methods of pre-test and post-test.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.381-393
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• 2016

This was a qualitative study to explore and better understand the adaptation experience and processes of peoples with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), as well as to develop a substantive theory using the grounded theory method. There were 13 patients (12 females and 1 male) who received FMS treatment from Rheumatic Medicine outpatient department of one general hospital. The data were collected through an in-depth interview between January and May of 2014. Transcribed interview contents were analyzed by the grounded theory method of Corbin and Strauss (2008). As a result, a total of 98 concepts, 26 sub-categories, and 10 categories were identified through the open coding process. The process of adaptation experience showed 4 steps: perception of uncertainty and limited condition, evaluation of self-control possibility and determinations of expectations of life, searching and trying of strategies, as well as self-regulation. The 4 types of adaptation experience were expansionary, complacently, effusively and withering. The 'protective self-regulation' theory was derived from the core category of 'learning to self-regulation method'. Patients with FMS has repeatedly attempted these strategies of protective self-regulation in order to gain stability from uncertainty and limited condition of the disease. Based on these results, it is necessary to develop an educational program for patients and families which has appropriate nursing intervention strategies in accordance with the types of adaptation.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

Online judge provides compilation, execution, and immediate feedback on the source submitted by the learner, and ensures the accuracy and reliability of the evaluation, but it's difficult to select the language according to the level of the learner because most of them provide only textual language. In this study, a block language for online judge was developed and applied to high school classes, and the difference in self-efficacy between the block language and the textual language group was confirmed. It was found that Block language group have more ability expectation to overcome disgust experience than textual language group and Textual language group have significant decrease in ability expectation to start activity and to continue activity. It implies that Block language has an effect on self-efficacy for afterward programming activities, and methods of teaching, learning and evaluation should be devised in the case of textual language so that student's self-efficacy does not deteriorate at the initial and ongoing stage of activity. The results of this study are meaningful in that it provide various implications of methods for enhancing self-efficacy in high school class of programming.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.289-298
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• 2018

This study investigates convergent influence on test anxiety and its association with job seeking stress, academic burnout, self efficacy among health college students in TOEIC class. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire from April 3 to April 14, 2017 and the target was randomly selected 291 Health College Students in TOEIC class from 1 college located in J city. Test anxiety was positively correlated with job seeking stress and academic burnout, and it was negatively correlated with self efficacy. With the analysis of covariance structure, we could confirm relationship among job seeking stress, academic burnout, self efficacy and test anxiety. Job seeking stress was more influential on test anxiety than academic burnout and self efficacy. The results of the study indicate that the efforts, to manage these factors, are required to decrease the test anxiety of health college students in TOEIC class. The results are expected to be useful for the development of TOEIC learning curriculum decrease the test anxiety of TOEIC study among health college students in TOEIC class. In the following study, the survey about additional factors of influence on test anxiety will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

From a complex systems perspective, ecohydrological systems in forests may be characterized with (1) large networks of components which give rise to complex collective behaviors, (2) sophisticated information processing, and (3) adaptation through self-organization and learning processes. In order to demonstrate such characteristics, we applied the recently proposed 'process networks' approach to a temperate deciduous forest in Gwangneung National Arboretum in Korea. The process network analysis clearly delineated the forest ecohydrological systems as the hierarchical networks of information flows and feedback loops with various time scales among different variables. Several subsystems were identified such as synoptic subsystem (SS), atmospheric boundary layer subsystem (ABLS), biophysical subsystem (BPS), and biophysicochemical subsystem (BPCS). These subsystems were assembled/disassembled through the couplings/decouplings of feedback loops to form/deform newly aggregated subsystems (e.g., regional subsystem) - an evidence for self-organizing processes of a complex system. Our results imply that, despite natural and human disturbances, ecosystems grow and develop through self-organization while maintaining dynamic equilibrium, thereby continuously adapting to environmental changes. Ecosystem integrity is preserved when the system's self-organizing processes are preserved, something that happens naturally if we maintain the context for self-organization. From this perspective, the process networks approach makes sense.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.143-164
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between public library use and the individual's personal value system. The personal value system was measured by Schwartz's (1992) Theory of Basic Human Values. The theory includes ten universal values, which can be categorized into four higher-order values: namely, self-transcendence vs. self-enhancement; and openness to change vs. conservation. The data were collected on the web from 1,000 Korean adults who were 18 years old or above using a quota sampling method with respect to the distributions of gender, age, and geographic locations of the general Korean adult population. The collected data were analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling method, t-tests, and multiple correlations. The results showed that the public library is more likely to be used by the individuals who value "openness to change" (representing self-direction and stimulation), and "self-enhancement"(representing achievement, power, hedonism/sensuous pleasure) than those who value "conservation" (representing safety, stability of society, conformity to rules, tradition) and "self-transcendence" (representing interest in other's well-being, and tolerance, welfare of humanity and community). The findings suggest that public library uses reflect the characteristics of major library services, such as reading and self-learning, which are very autonomous and individualistic in their nature. The findings are valuable in understanding the nature of the functions performed by the current Korean public libraries that are reflected in the personal values of Korean adult library users.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.139
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• pp.213-238
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• 2016

This paper examines how Dasan Jeong Yak-yong developed self-healing and his perspective of happiness during the hardest point of his political and social career. Just after the death of King Jeongjo (正祖, reign. 1766-1800) the arrest and persecution of those who accepted Christian knowledge from the West began. Among them were Jeong's family members and friends. Jeong, who had learned but had not accepted Christianity as a religious belief, was exiled to Ganggin 康津 in southern Jeolla Province where he was to spend the next 18 years. The two things that helped Jeong through his exile were the Book of Changes 易經 and his commitment to the study of Confucian thought, political, and social reforms. His life-long commitment to writing and his progressive understanding of the principle of changes of the universe in the Book of Changes, represented processes of self-healing and cultivation, depriving Jeong of self-pity and enabling him to attain the highest level in self-realization. According to Jeong, there are two kinds of happiness; "secular happiness" (yeolbok 熱福) related to power and wealth, and "pure happiness" (cheongbok 淸福), a free and idyllic life. For Jeong, the latter was more valuable than the former. Jeong believed that life pursing ethical virtues only could bring authentic joy to people. Furthermore, his devotion to the issues of systematic, social reforms was out of his desire to bring the public happiness by "practical learning", silhak 實學.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 2010

Career guidance refers to services intended to assist students to make educational and occupational choices and to manage their careers. Young students, specially enrolled in vocational high schools, need programs to help them make transitions to the working world and to re-engage with further learning, and career guidance needs to be part of such programs. Teachers assume the critical roles in planning and organizing the career guidance programs in vocational high schools. The program includes career information provision, assessment and self-assessment tools, career counseling, work search, etc. In this study, we developed a research model based upon TRA(theory of reasoned action) developed by Ajzen and Fishbein to investigate the factors influencing the intention to provide career guidance services to students in vocational high schools. Based on 155 survey responses from vocational high school teachers, we show that attitude and subjective norm motivate teachers to provide career guidance services, and that attitude toward career guidance is directly influenced by self-efficacy for career guidance and burden from extra work. It was also confirmed that facilitating condition is the antecedent of self-efficacy. But contrary to our expectation, self-efficacy for career guidance has no significant effect on the intention for providing career guidance services at 5% significance level. In light of these findings, implications for theory and practice are discussed.