• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.79-95
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• 2003

The main goal of this program is to build a healthy adolescent culture tv broadening the understanding of adolescents and recognition of the environment as well through the development of educational programs centering on the domains of peer relationships, intimacy in dating relationships and sex, leisure activities, and consumption life of adolescents. The program was carried out to 10 young boys and girls for two days/one night and the major findings of the effects of the program through a qualitative evaluation were as follows: First, the program provided adolescent with a proper opportunity to promote a sense of self-confidence through the self-reevaluation process. Secondly, the program provided adolescents with a chance to firmly recognize to become good friends with others though the enhancement of self-esteem, which helped them to build a healthy peer relationship. Thirdly, adolescents were able to promote their views on sex and sexual decision-making by acquiring a proper knowledge of intimacy in dating relationships and of sex, and by candidly expressing their own opinions on sex with instructors. Fourthly, the program provided adolescents with an opportunity to look back on their leisure life with family members which had been neglected thus far and to renew their recognition of active leisure activities. Fifthly, the program provided adolescents with a chance to reflect on their unplanned consumption life and to be firmly determined to refrain from impulsive purchasing and extravagance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the fitness of policy topics and policy making process, the reasonableness of policy enforcement, the backing of public opinion and the results and effects of policy enforcement for the reforestation and silviculture policy in Korea. Most of the fitness of policy topics was evaluated positively, but the change of species of reforestation trees from a coniferous tree to broad-leaved tree was evaluated negatively. Most of the fitness of policy making process and the reasonableness of policy enforcement was evaluated positively, but the conflicts with other forest policy was evaluated negatively. And the limits of self-judgement of the responsible person needs to be extended. The backing of public opinion was evaluated positively but that of statesman was evaluated negatively. And the most of the results and effects of policy enforcement was evaluated positively but the economic contribution of the policy was evaluated negatively.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-172
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• 2008

The earliest safety data programs, the FDR and CVR, were electronic reporting systems that generate data "automatically." The FDR program, originally instituted in 1958, had no publicly available restrictions for protections against sanctions by the FAA or an airline, although there are agreements and union contracts forbidding the use of FDR data for FAA enforcement actions. This FDR program still has the least formalized protections. With the advent of the CVR program in 1966, the precursor to the current FAR 91.25 was already in place, having been promulgated in 1964. It stated that the FAA would not use CVR data for enforcement actions. In 1982, Congress began restricting the disclosure of the CVR tape and transcripts. Congress added further clarification of the availability of discovery in civil litigation in 1994. Thus, the CVR data have more definitive protections in place than do FDR data. The ASRS was the first non-automatic reporting system; and built into its original design in 1975 was a promise of limited protection from enforcement sanctions. That promise was further codified in an FAR in 1979. As with the CVR, from its inception, the ASRS had some protections built in for the person who might have had a safety problem. However, the program did not (and to this day does not) explicitly deal with issues of use by airlines, litigants, or the public media, although it appears that airlines will either take a non-punitive stance if an ASRS report is filed, or the airline may ignore the fact that it has been filed at all. The FAA worked with several U.S. airlines in the early 1990s on developing ASAP programs, and the FAA issued an Advisory Circular about the program in 1997. From its inception, the ASAP program contained some FAA enforcement protections and company discipline protections, although some protection against litigation disclosure and public disclosure was not added until 2003, when FAA Order 8000.82 was promulgated, placing the program under the protections of FAR 193, which had been added in 2001. The FOQA program, when it was first instituted through a demonstration program in 1995, did not contain protections against sanctions. Now, however, the FAA cannot take enforcement action based on FOQA safety data, and an airline is limited to "corrective action" under the program. Union contracts can exclude FOQA from the realm of disciplinary action, although airline practice may be for airlines to require retraining if there is no contract in place forbidding it. The data is protected against disclosure for litigation and public media purposes by FAA Order 8000.81, issued in 2003, which placed FOQA under the protections of FAR 193. The figure on the next page shows when each program began, and when each statute, regulation, or order became effective for that program.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.351-354
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• 2005

In 2004. as a part of special housing policy for low income household, Korean government initiated 'Multiple-dwelling Purchase and Public Rental Program'(MDPPRP) to help people whose needs for appropriate housing cannot be met in private housing market. The main goal of this program was to provide the base for self support of tenants by purchasing 'Multiple-housing' in bundle and transferring them into rental housing with low price to the low income tenants. Unlike other public rental housing programs, this model program limited the length of stay in the rental housing by six years to lead tenant's self support. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this model program for further expanding enforcement. For this, two groups of residents of 'multiple-dwelling purchase and public rental program' and permanent rental housing were compared and analyzed. Thirty two tenants of MDPPRP were interviewed for the study. As research methods, document review, onsite tenant interviews using questionnaire were used. As a whole, most of the tenants were satisfied with their 'multiple-dwelling' environment in physical and socio-psychological aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.36-47
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the present problems relating to the legislation and execution of adornment of buildings in the provinces, and to explore ways to improve the role and function of adornment of buildings in terms of public art. In order to do that, the related national law and enforcement decree and the local regulations and rules were analysed. In addition the catalogues on the adornments of buildings that are managed by 31 cities and counties of Gyeonggi-Province were also compared and analysed. As a result of our survey, it has been determined that the reform of the adornments of buildings must be executed on the national and local levels. On the local level, the revision of regulations must occur simultaneously with the changes of national law and enforcement decrees. In many local self-governing bodies, there are quite a lot of discrepancies between their regulations and the upper law. Therefore, people can be confused regarding the sensitive problems such as the types of buildings that are required to display adornments and the proportion of the cost to the construction cost. In addition the effects of the improvements to national laws are often delayed. For example, the updated national law requires committee members to be appointed on the basis of merit, the announcement of the deliberation results, and the establishment of provisions regarding the management of existing structures. Unfortunately, improvements to the national law are not followed through on a local level. Concerning national legislation, the following improvements are necessary to minimize these problems. First, the western concept of‘public art’must be imported to Korea and applied to future legislation regarding adornment of buildings. Second, the perception of the purpose of adornment of buildings must be changed from‘art promotion’to‘improvement of the urban environment’Third, it is impractical to require private citizens to fund public worts of In. Korea requires an organized federal funding system for the commission of public art, which is to be controlled by committee. Finally, the definition of public artwork must be enlarged to include a more broad range of art, such as landscape architecture. In addition, continuing care of existing public worts of art must be managed systematically and strengthened.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

In this paper, we suggest the Measures to improve the Act Bill for establishing the Game User Committee. The Act Bill has a lot of problems which are violations of criminal legalism due to unclear terms in administrative punishment and violations of The Human Right enjoying freedom of occupation and guaranting property due to not defining provisisons about The Duty of Confidentiality or The Legal Fiction as Public Officials for Purposes of Applying Penalty Provisions. also the duplicate regulations in the Act Bill disrupt game industry development. we have three results that were derived through analysis of Prior studies and precedents. The First is to define details of special reasons in enforcement ordinance and enforcement regulations. The Second is to define The Duty of Confidentiality or The Legal Fiction as Public Officials for Purposes of Applying Penalty Provisions in the act bill. The Third is to address managing the random reward items in the Game Rating and Administration Committee or is to give game user advance notice about the Comntent Dispute Mediation system.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

Objectives: To investigate the association between psychological distress and obesity among law enforcement officers (LEOs) in the United States. Methods: Self-reported data on psychological distress based on six key questions were obtained from LEOs who participated in the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2010). We used Prochaska's cut-point of a Kessler 6 score ${\geq}5$ for moderate/high mental distress in our analysis. Mean levels of body mass index (BMI) were compared across three levels of psychological distress. Results: The average age of LEOs (n = 929) was 39.3 years; 25% were female. Overall, 8.1% of LEOs had moderate or high psychological distress; 37.5% were obese (BMI ${\geq}30$). Mean BMI increased with increasing psychological distress (no distress, BMI = $27.2kg/m^2$; mild distress, $27.6kg/m^2$; and moderate/high distress, $33.1kg/m^2$; p = 0.016) after adjustment for age, race, income, and education level among female officers only. Physical activity modified the association between psychological distress and BMI but only among male LEOs (interaction p = 0.002). Among male LEOs reporting low physical activity, psychological distress was positively associated with BMI ($30.3kg/m^2$ for no distress, 30.7 for mild distress, 31.8 for moderate/high distress; p = 0.179) after adjustment, but not significantly. This association was not significant among males reporting high physical activity. Conclusion: Mean BMI significantly increased as psychological distress increased among female LEOs. A longitudinal study design may reveal the directionality of this association as well as the potential role that physical activity might play in this association.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.752-758
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• 2020

A professor is an employed as a member of a college, and his invention is transferred to the Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation (IACF). A professor often reveals his inventions in a thesis or at a symposium before the IACF applies for a patent. Such self-disclosure could be in violation of the confidential responsibility. This study analyzes the number of patent invalidation trials as well as self-revealed patent applications raised in connection with the confidential responsibility. This study also scrutinizes cases to figure out whether the confidential responsibility was breached depending on the time of the self-disclosure both before and after the succession of an invention. In addition, side effects that could accompany self-disclosure are investigated. In the case of the self-disclosure by the professor, an invention to which the college belongs fails to secure patent right or it is hard to obtain comprehensive right. Even if rights were secured, it could be invalidated. Furthermore, they could infringe the confidential responsibility of employees under the Invention Promotion Act, and also could contravene the confidential responsibility specified by the Enforcement Decree of the unfair Competition Prevention if the succession of the invention is confirmed. Therefore, colleges should manage self-disclosure of employee invention and take appropriate action.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2016

North Korea had recently conducted the fourth nuclear test and ICBM tests, dared nuclear provocation targeting the Korea and the international community. It is determined based on experiments of nuclear and missile in progress in North Korea that the technical level of nuclear force reached the completion stage of standardization, lightweight, and variation. It is expected to become reality that North Korea executes the nuclear provocation targeting the Korea and the international community in the near future. Nuclear bomb is an absolute weapon that the logic of counterattack after allowing the first strike of the other party cannot be applied due to its tremendous destructive power. Therefore, as the opponent to North Korea that it decided to hold the nuclear, the exercise of anticipatory self-defense in order to guarantee a minimum of right to life is not a choice, but the only essential correspondence concept. At the moment that the North Korean nuclear provocation is expected in the near future, it shall be provided with competence to strike the origin region of provocation by forming a national consensus of preemptive strike enforcement. Also, in preparation for the fifth nuclear test of North Korea, which is anticipated, the national competence must be mobilize to be able to ensure the 'Nuclear Option' from the international community.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.10 no.spc
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• pp.69-86
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• 2004

A review of literature revealed that damaged self-confidence of men as social agents may be the primary, if not proximal, cause of domestic violence. Accumulated damages in social confidence and self-assurance may be moderated by action repertoire acquired during childhood, and mediated by adulthood circumstances such as marital discords and the lack of social support to result in the typical cycle of violence and subsequent feeling of remorse. The present treatments for the domestically violent men in Korea seem to be ineffective to reduce the number of incidents in the society because the treatments are viewed as punishments by the men, damage their social confidence further by stigmatizing them in the community, and destroy their social resources and support systems. It was suggested in this paper to reduce the role of law enforcement and correctional administration to rehabilitate the currently violent men. At the same time, it was also suggested for the Korean court to implement the paradigm of Therapeutic Jurisprudence in handling domestic violence cases. It was argued that the court should take active roles as a healing and rehabilitating agent by cooperating with non-government community establishments such as hospitals, universities and self-help organizations. The reasons and implications of those suggestions were discussed in detail.