• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.233-243
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• 2020

This study determined the relationship between organizational conflicts and job satisfaction of administrative staff members employed in university hospitals. The sample consisted of 232 hospital administrators working at four different college hospitals located in D city. The survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire during the period from January 10th 2019 to February 15th 2019. As a result of the study, the job satisfaction levels were significantly different according to age, education, BMI, subjective sleep evaluation, subjective health status, job position, monthly income, physical burden of work, sense of satisfaction at work, fit to the job and consideration to quit the job. The job satisfaction levels according to the organizational conflicts were significantly lower with higher organizational conflicts. Further, the job satisfaction level showed a significant negative correlation with organizational conflicts. The risk ratio of lower job satisfaction significantly increased for the group with higher organizational conflict scores than that of the group with lower organizational conflict scores. The results suggest that job satisfaction of administrative staff at university hospitals is significantly related with organizational conflicts. It is necessary to present specific measures to resolve conflicts within an organization in order to enhance job satisfaction for administrative staff at university hospitals.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.124-137
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the need for sex education in middle school students Research subjects were 194 students who attended at I seminary in B city. The period of data collection was from July to August, 2001. Research instrument was composed of 61 structured items 17 items related to demographics and sex, 44 items related to the need of sex education. Data were collected through the self-report method by the researcher and one trained assistant. The instrument developed by the researchers was employed to measure the need of sex education and it's Cronbach's $\alpha$ = 0.9349 in this research. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage factor analysis and t-test using SPSS WIN Program. The findings of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The highest score among characteristics of sex was 'less interest about sex(42.6%)', 39.0% of subjects got information about sex from friends or elders. 52.3% of subjects consulted friends or elders about sex problems. The number of sex education lessons was 1-2 times in school during last semester (61.0%). Education by the school nurse was 35.9% to students. 43.1% of subjects announced moderate satisfaction on sex education. 2. The mean score of the need for sex education was $2.88{\pm}0.47$ (lowest value 1, highest 4). The most wanted sex education factor was 'chastity and sexual responsibility($3.33{\pm}0.67$)' and followed by 'family and marriage ($3.26{\pm}0.62$)' and 'considerations of sex($3.07{\pm}0.69$)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education factor is 'physiological characteristics of male ($2.47{\pm}0.72$)', followed by 'sexual behavior ($2.49{\pm}0.75$)'. The most wanted sex education item was 'the meaning of family ($3.54{\pm}0.75$)' and followed by 'the cautions to prevention from sexual abuse ($3.49{\pm}0.78$)' and sexual activity and responsibility($3.43{\pm}0.77$)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education item is 'masturbation ($2.16{\pm}0.97$)', followed by 'circumcision($2.32{\pm}0.97$)'. 3. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in mean score about the need for sex education(t=-.715, p=.476). Sex education factor that girl-students wanted was 'physiological characteristics of female'. Sex education factor that boy-students wanted was 'family and marriage'. Sex education items that girl-students wanted were 'cautions during menstruation', the relation of ovulation and pregnancy', caution to prevention from sexual abuse' and sexual behavior and responsibility'. Sex education items that boy-students wanted were 'the meaning of family', 'the importance of marriage', 'male's sex organs', 'a wet dream', 'the method to resolve sexual curiosity', 'sexual intercourse' and 'the connection with the other sex'. In conclusion, the mean score of the need for sex education is medium. The route to attain knowledge about sex and sexual problem is through consulting friends and elders. Therefore, it is necessary to give sex education that is suitable to the subject's needs and methods. Also, it is necessary to give differently strong point about sex education between female and male students.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 2012

After the rapidly changing business management environment and financial crisis, high prices and domestic recession in Korea posed threats to the business survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper looks at the potential of micro business owners for sustainable development: those who have a spirit of entrepreneurship and the potential to be a hidden champion. Our study of micro business values uses structure equation modeling by LISREL. We have done so in order to understand the foundation of management innovation and success model of micro enterprise by increasing the entrepreneurship and management performance relationship analysis. A micro-enterprise is a type of small business, found only in Korea, often registered as having ten or fewer employees. We examine the successful type of hidden champions and the influence of entrepreneurship on start-ups in business. As compared to past research on the SME entrepreneurship, this study segments small businesses even further. Small business entrepreneurship was classified into three forms that are most appropriate for the Korean situation today: innovation, risk-taking, and pro-activeness. This research is meaningful as it is Korea's first empirical analysis on four business types: wholesale and retail sales, food and lodging business, service business, and manufacturing business. Thus far, research on small business entrepreneurship was carried out using small-scale investigative analysis. However, this research attempted to develop a model that can explain a cause-effect relation of the motivational level when it comes to the difference of entrepreneurship by each business type and small business start-up success factors. Various conceptual and operational definitions could be developed in a diverse and precise manner. Independent variables that are related to the success of small businesses can be developed additionally to examine the success factors related to the systematization in detailed manner. The research showed that the innovation, risk-taking and pro-activeness of the manifested difference in the degree of perception depending on the type of small businesses. Among the four business types, the ones that manifested the highest successful start-up rates were food, service, wholesale and retail sales and manufacturing. Results after conducting the regression analysis are shown on, which proves that the small business entrepreneurship exerts direct effect on the financial management performance of small businesses. In other words, small business entrepreneurship exerts a positive effect on the small business financial success and management performance. The R² value is 0.61. It is possible to know that the perception of systematization and variables on attitude explains the 61% of the success for small self-employed businesses management performance. We define start-up key factors that are helpful to achieve internal growth of firms by finding business survival strategies. The results also focus on Korean government policy for micro enterprise and small business support.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.222-235
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• 2020

This study examines the poverty progress and its factors which drove the lives of the middle-aged men in Chokbang area. The observed examples are the retired government officials and the self-employed who have been classified as the ones in the economically-middle class but currently as the welfare recipients. According to the results of in-depth interview and observation, the poverty of the observed has undergone the progress of trigger, worsening, breakup, desperation and stabilizing stages. The poverty factors found in this study could be categorized into two factors; circumstantial factors(bankruptcy after IMF, debt guarantee for relatives) and inner factors(the participants' behavior and characteristics). The circumstantial factors worked mainly in the trigger stage and the inner factors contributed to worsening economic crisis and facilitating the progress. According to the result, this study suggests not only individual-scale measures such as encouragement of familial bond or medical treatment of the alcoholism but also social measures including proper regulation of shark loan and opportunity supply to exit from poverty.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9731-9737
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• 2014

Large scale secular registry or surveillance systems have been accumulating vast data that allow mathematical modeling of cancer incidence and mortality rates. Most contemporary models in this regard use time series and APC (age-period-cohort) methods and focus primarily on predicting or analyzing cancer epidemiology with little attention being paid to implications for designing cancer registry, surveillance or evaluation initiatives. This research models age-specific cancer incidence rates using logistic growth equations and explores their performance under different scenarios of data completeness in the hope of deriving clues for reshaping relevant data collection. The study used China Cancer Registry Report 2012 as the data source. It employed 3-parameter logistic growth equations and modeled the age-specific incidence rates of all and the top 10 cancers presented in the registry report. The study performed 3 types of modeling, namely full age-span by fitting, multiple 5-year-segment fitting and single-segment fitting. Measurement of model performance adopted adjusted goodness of fit that combines sum of squred residuals and relative errors. Both model simulation and performance evalation utilized self-developed algorithms programed using C# languade and MS Visual Studio 2008. For models built upon full age-span data, predicted age-specific cancer incidence rates fitted very well with observed values for most (except cervical and breast) cancers with estimated goodness of fit (Rs) being over 0.96. When a given cancer is concerned, the R valuae of the logistic growth model derived using observed data from urban residents was greater than or at least equal to that of the same model built on data from rural people. For models based on multiple-5-year-segment data, the Rs remained fairly high (over 0.89) until 3-fourths of the data segments were excluded. For models using a fixed length single-segment of observed data, the older the age covered by the corresponding data segment, the higher the resulting Rs. Logistic growth models describe age-specific incidence rates perfectly for most cancers and may be used to inform data collection for purposes of monitoring and analyzing cancer epidemic. Helped by appropriate logistic growth equations, the work vomume of contemporary data collection, e.g., cancer registry and surveilance systems, may be reduced substantially.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.729-734
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• 2008

The higher valence state of iron i.e., Fe(VI) was employed for the treatment of Cu(II)-EDTA in the aqueous/waste waters. The ferrate(VI) was prepared through wet oxidation of Fe(III) by sodium hypochlorite. The purity of prepared Fe(VI) was above 93%. The stability of Fe(VI) solution decreased as solution pH decreased through self decomposition. The reduction of Fe(VI) was obtained by using the UV-Visible measurements. The dissociation of Cu(II)-EDTA complex through oxidation of EDTA using Fe(VI) and subsequent treatment of organic matter and metal ions by Fe(III) reduced from Fe(VI) in bench-scale of continuous flow reactor were studied. The removal efficiencies of copper were 69% and 79% in pH control basin and reactor, respectively, at 120 minutes as retention time. In addition, Cu(II)-EDTA in the reactor was decomplexated more than 80% after 120 minutes as retention time. From this work, a continuous treatment process for the wastewater containing metal and EDTA by employing Fe(VI) as muluti-functional agent was developed.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

Purpose - PB (Private Brand) refers to the product for which the distribution company plans the production independently, consigns the production to the manufacturer, or attaches the self-developed trademark and sells it. To reinforce competitiveness in such a market environment, diverse products development, systematic management activities, and marketing efforts to analyze and understand the consumers' behavior regarding PB products are emphasized. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationships among PB product attributes, consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty in general supermarkets. First, PB product attributes were defined using the five categories of perceived price, store image, familiarity, perceived service, and perceived quality, based on preceding studies. This study examined the influence of PB product attributes on consumption. Further, this study examined the relation among consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. This study provides more detailed and concentrated strategic implications. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, the research model was designed to examine the relation among PB product attributes, consumption emotion, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. For the data collection method, the questionnaire survey comprised multiple items for each component and the direct interview method was employed. To collect data, the questionnaire survey was conducted for customers who personally visited the general supermarket after verifying the PB product purchase experience. The questionnaire survey was performed for one month, May 2014. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 240 questionnaires were used for the analysis, excluding the unanswered and insincere questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 20.0. Results - First, PB product attributes had a significantly positive effect on consumption emotion. The PB product attributes perceived by the customer at the point of service contact are important to form the positive consumption emotion. Second, consumption emotion had a significantly positive effect on brand attitude. Third, the consumption emotion had a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. Such consumption emotion is an important factor in causing the positive evaluation on the brand attitude perceived by the customer. Fourth, brand attitude had a significantly positive effect on brand loyalty. The consumption emotion was positively represented to invoke the relational continuance behavior. The relational continuance behavior accompanies the repetition of purchase, word of mouth, and recommendation activities, and influences trust regarding the brand, for which the customer maintains the transaction continuously. Conclusions - The PB product attributes perceived by the customer at the point of service contact are important factors to form the positive consumption emotion. Based on this result, the discount store service provider would prepare the measures that can make the customer recognize the positive value, and make more detailed efforts. Consumption emotion is an important factor to cause the positive evaluation on the brand attitude perceived by the customer. Based on this result, the general supermarket must make efforts to provide fun or convenience in the purchase process for consumers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.579-591
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine how physical education class attitudes and playfulness influence school happiness among Korean elementary schoolers. The data was collected from 300 students in five elementary schools in I city. After the exclusion of 22 incomplete questionnaires, a total of 278 questionnaires were used for data analysis. For the data analysis, descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were employed. The correlation analysis revealed that every subset of variables of the study was positively inter-correlated. Multiple regression analysis showed that mental fluidity playfulness positively influenced every subset of school happiness variables. Physical animation playfulness positively influenced self-respect school happiness, optimism school happiness, and overall school happiness. Mental spontaneity positively influenced teacher relationship school happiness and overall school happiness. Physical education class attitudes positively influenced every subset of school happiness variables, and based on standardized regression coefficients, physical education class attitudes influenced school happiness variables more so than did playfulness. The findings indicate that physical education class attitudes and playfulness are important contributors for improving Korean elementary students' school happiness, and it is necessary to cultivate physical education class attitudes and playfulness in Korean elementary schoolers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.47-58
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of elderly people's frail prevention program performed in a senior center located in J-si. The most interesting were the effects on the subjective health status, depression, physical fitness, and quality of life for the senior center participation of the elderly. The nonequivalent control group pre-post-test design was employed. A total of 43 people living in J-si were assigned to either the experimental group (n=22) or control group (n=21). The experimental group was provided with the 8-weeks frail elderly prevention program from September 1 to October 16 in 2015. The data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 21.0 using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, and t-test. The results indicated a significant difference between the experimental group and control group with respect to the scores of the subjective health status (t=-0.35, p=.024), depression (t=2.76, p=.035), physical fitness, including right grip strength (t=-3.10, p=.004) and flexibility of the waist (t=-2.13, p=.039), and the quality of life (t=4.36, p<.001). In conclusion, an elderly people's frail prevention program has a significant effect on the change in subjective health status, depression physical fitness, quality of life, and self-care behavior for senior center participation.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.5-24
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for providing quality medical service and mapping out consumer-centered marketing strategies to successfully cope with the rapidly changing medical environment and meet consumer needs, by examining what affected the satisfaction and revisit of health Promotion center Client. The subjects in this study were 186 of visitor to health Promotion center in a university hospital in the city of Busan. A survey was conducted with structured questionnaire from March 2 to 30, 2001. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows (ver10.0). For more statistical analysis, frequency analysis, component analysis, t-test, ANOVA and correlation analysis procedures were utilized. Results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. Regarding demographic characteristics, 51.6% of the Client investigated were male, and 48.4% were female. The greatest number of them were in their 40s(38.9%). 86.5% were married, and 34.2% were self-employed. 44% were a high-school graduate, and the monthly mean income of 59.4% was one to three million Won. And, the residential area of 46.8%, the largest percentage, was a half-an-hour distance from health Promotion center. 2. The most common motivation of their selection of the health Promotion center was a recommendation by Staff and neighborhood(59.7%), followed by excellent facilities and services(17.2%), the tradition and reputation of the hospital(7.5%), and its publicity pamphlets(7.5%). 3. 45.9%, the largest percentage, acquired health-related information from their friends or acquaintances. 43.8%, the greatest percentage, visited there because they felt there's something wrong with their body. 53.4% worried about the possibility of being attacked by cancer, and 57.5% wanted to take a precise cancer examination. For health maintenance, 50.1% got regular exercise. Regular exercise was considered most crucial for health maintenance or promotion. 4. The largest reason they used that examination center again was the kindness of employees(52.7%), followed by the tradition and reputation of the hospital(21%) and excellent examination setting and equipment(10.8%). 5. By demographic factor, there was no significant difference between the man and women in satisfaction level with examination and expenses. The women expressed more satisfaction at facilities, and the high-school graduate group were more contented with expenses. 6. As a result of investigating their satisfaction level according to the motivation of selecting that examination center, the group that chose the center due to excellent facilities and services were more satisfied with examination and expenses. 7. As for the relationship of total examination satisfaction to revisit. intention, there was a higher correlational relationship between total health examination satisfaction and expense satisfaction. Especially, the more they were satisfied with examination, the more they were willing to revisit there for another examination.