• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

In this study, new evaluation method for the stability and corrosion resistance properties of passive films has been suggested by means of observation of self-activation process in open-circuit state and galvanostatic nanoscale reduction test. The experiments were performed for air-formed oxide film in case of plain carbon steel, and for anodically passivated films formed in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions in case of titanium and 304 stainless steel. From these experimental results, we derived two parameters, $i_{0}$ and $q_{0}$, which characterize the self-activation process and the properties of passive film on a stainless steel surface. The parameter $i_{0}$ was defined as the rate of self-activation, and $q_{0}$, the reduced amount of charge during the self-activation process. In conclusion, it is considered that the stability and corrosion resistance of passive metals and alloys can be evaluated quantitatively by three parameters of $\tau_{0}$, $q_{0}$, and $i_{0}$, which easily obtain by means of observing the self-activation process and galvanostatic nanoscale reduction test.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.303-311
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey patient activation for self-management and to identify factors associated with patient activation for self-management among community residents with osteoarthritis in Korea. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was used. Survey data were collected from 270 community residents with osteoarthritis through direct interviews. Studied factors included patient activation, joint pain, physical function, depression, and general characteristics. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test, t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The participants' mean score of patient activation was $56.0{\pm}16.61$. The mean score of each factor was $10.6{\pm}5.89$ for joint pain, $5.5{\pm}3.56$ for physical function, and $19.3{\pm}10.01$ for depression. The patient activation level was significantly associated with depression and general characteristics such as education, religion, comorbid hypertension, and use of medical clinics (p<.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that depression, education, religion, comorbid hypertension, and use of medical clinics may be important factors to be considered when developing programs of patient activation for self-management. This is the first study that measured patient activation, and further studies are suggested to find factors associated with patient activation for self-management among community residents with other chronic diseases.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.955-961
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• 2006

The global ultrasonic system for the self-localization of a mobile robot consists of several ultrasonic transmitters fixed at some reference positions in the global coordinates of robot environment. By activating the ultrasonic transmitters, the mobile robot is able to get the distance to the ultrasonic transmitters and compute its own position in the global coordinate. Due to the limitation on the ultrasonic signal strength and beam width as well as the environmental obstacles however, the ultrasonic signals from some generator may not be transmitted to the robot. Thus, instead of activating the all ultrasonic transmitters, it is necessary to select some ultrasonic generators to activate based on the current robot position. In this paper, we propose a selective activation algorithm for self-localization with the global ultrasonic system. The selective activation algorithm gets the meaningful ultrasonic data at every sampling instants, which results in the faster and more accurate response of the self-localization than the conventional sequential activation. Through the self-localization and path following control, we verify the effectiveness of the proposed selective activation algorithm.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.113-126
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• 2007

This study explored mediating effects of the maternal emotional expressiveness between maternal behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation system and children's emotional intelligence. subjects were 138 4- to 5-year-old preschoolers (92 boys, 46 girls) and their mothers. The maternal behavioral inhibition/behavioral activation system was measured by BIS/BAS(Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System, Carver & White, 1994), maternal emotional expressiveness was measured by the Self-Expressiveness in the Family Questionnaire (Halberstadt, 1995), and children's emotional intelligence was measured by the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (Lee, 1998). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results were that maternal positive expressiveness mediated the effects of maternal BIS on children's self-understanding and maternal negative expressiveness mediated the effects of maternal BAS on children's self-regulation.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.255-265
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare brain activation that appears in the self-regulation process of biology major and non-major college students in life science learning. The self-regulation task implemented a life science learning situation with the concept of biological classification. The brain activation of college students was measured and analyzed by fNIRS. In the assimilation process, bilateral FP and left DLPFC show significant activation, and the two groups show a difference in the left OFC activation related to motivation and reward. In the conflict process, the left DLPFC shows significantly lower activation in common, and the two groups show a difference in activation between BA 46, which is related to recent memory, and BA 47, which is related to long-term memory. In the accommodation process, a significantly high activation was found in right DLPFC in common, and the two groups show a difference in activation between right DLPFC and right FP. These areas are in the right frontal lobe area and are related to the understanding of life science knowledge. As a result of this study, it can be seen that the brain activation patterns of biology major and non-major college students are different in the self-regulation process. In addition, we will propose additional neurological studies on self-regulation and present systems and learning strategies that can be constructed in school settings.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

Autoimmune disease is known to be caused by unregulated self-antigen-specific T cells, causing tissue damage. Although antigen specificity is an important mechanism of the adaptive immune system, antigen non-related T cells have been found in the inflamed tissues in various conditions. Bystander T cell activation refers to the activation of T cells without antigen recognition. During an immune response to a pathogen, bystander activation of self-reactive T cells via inflammatory mediators such as cytokines can trigger autoimmune diseases. Other antigen-specific T cells can also be bystander-activated to induce innate immune response resulting in autoimmune disease pathogenesis along with self-antigen-specific T cells. In this review, we summarize previous studies investigating bystander activation of various T cell types (NKT, γδ T cells, MAIT cells, conventional CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells) and discuss the role of innate-like T cell response in autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also review previous findings of bystander T cell function in infection and cancer. A better understanding of bystander-activated T cells versus antigen-stimulated T cells provides a novel insight to control autoimmune disease pathogenesis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.468-473
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• 1991

Viscoelastic properties of PET filament fibers on stress relaxation were investigated in the solvents of $H_2$O, 0.05% NaOH and 50% DMF using an Instron (UTM4-100 Tensilon) with solvent chamber. The theoretical stress relaxation equation derived by applying the Ree-Eyring's hyperbolic sine law to dashpot of three element non-Newtonian model was applied to the experimental stress relaxation curves, and the model parameters $G_1,G_2$, ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ were obtained. By analyzing temperature dependency of the relaxation time, the values of activation entropy, activation enthalpy and activation free energy for flow in PET filament fiber were evaluated, the activation free energy being about 25.7 kcal/mol. The self diffusion coefficient and hole distance were obtained from parameters ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ and crystallite size in order to study the self diffusion and the orientation of crystallites in amorphous region and the effect of solvent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2003

The region activation have attracted much attention of politician, government, scholar, local residents and so on, but it is very difficult and delicate. The policy of Inje-Gun government are jump into the lucrative tourism, the strong agriculture, the comfortable welfare and the attentive administration. But the present status is very poor. Economic self-supporting index is only 19%. The policy will achieve by increase of economic self-supporting. I am going to propose some item for region activation in Inje-Gun. The items are medicinal garden construction, green tourism, local festival, residents increase and so on.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.229-241
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the reexamination effects of behavioral activation·inhibition scale(Choi & Huh, 2010) on self-determination in order to analysis situational structure for P·E class which is perceived by students. To obtain the purpose, 656 high-school students from Gyeonggi-do area answered questionnaire using convenient sampling method. Data which is obtained through self-administration was analyzed using by the frequency analysis, multiple reguression analysis, EFA, and CFA with SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 16. Results were as followed. First, the more students have friend relation, teacher behavior, emotion change, and positive class attitude that are sub-factors of behavioral activation·inhibition, the more they have self-determination. Second, the less students have typical class structure, negative teacher's attitude, punishment, and lack of self-efficacy, the more they have self-determination. Overall results were discussed for practical application in P·E class.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of internet addiction and factors affecting internet addiction in elementary school students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. The subjects were 378 students who were recruited from 5th and 6th grade in five elementary schools in J city, Korea. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Win 10.1 program. Results: Of the children, 51.9% reported being average online users, 45.5%, heavy online users, and 2.6%, internet addicted. The level of internet addiction of subjects correlated significantly with the behavioral activation system, behavioral inhibition system, family cohesion, and learned self-concept, but not family adaptability. Significant predictors influencing internet addiction were the behavioral activation system, learned self-concept, and family cohesion. These predictors accounted for 22% of variance in internet addiction. Conclusion: This study found that the behavioral activation system in personality aspects, family cohesion in the family system, and learned self-concept are primary factors that explain internet addiction among elementary students. We suggest these results be used to develop an online addiction prevention or treatment program.