• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate appropriate selenate ion concentration for the production of high functional vegetables. Sodium selenate was treated 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8mg/$\ell$ using herb nutrient solution developed by European R & D Vegetable Center in Belgium. Low level of Na2se04 concentration increased the growth of wormwood, but high selenate concentration decreased the growth. Total chlorophyll content was increased by sodium selenate. The higher selenate ion concentration in the nutrient solution, the more total chlorophyll content was. The vitamin C content in wormwood was high at 2 and 4mg/$\ell$ treatment, showing good growth, at higher concentration, however, the vitamin C content decreased. At 4mg/$\ell$ selenate ion concentration, essential oil content of wormwood was best. But higher selenate ion concentration decreased essential oil content. The uptake of Se by the plant increased with the increase of selenate ion concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1085-1091
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selenate on adipocyte differentiation and to identify genes involved in the modulation of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. To test the effect of selenate on adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis was induced in cells using various concentrations ($0-100{\mu}M$) of selenate. Various phases of adipogenesis were induced: postconfluent (PC), early phase (EP, d0-d2), postmitotic growth arrest (PM, d2-d4), and all period (AP). The PC cells exposed to selenate for 24 h displayed dose-dependent inhibition of intracellular lipid droplet accumulation on day 6 of adipogenesis. Two days of selenate treatment at EP or AP inhibited adipogenesis, with an approximately 20-80% reduction in lipid accumulation compared to that of a control (p<0.05). When preadipocytes were exposed to selenate during the PM period, the antiadipogenic effect of selenate was attenuated. Two types of selenoprotein genes (Seps1 and Sepp1) were up-regulated by the selenate treatment during mitotic clonal expansion, whereas these genes were down-regulated during PM growth arrest (p<0.05). The findings demonstrate the antiadipogenic function of selenate and the possible involvement of Sepp1 and Seps1 genes in selenate-inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.298-303
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• 2011

Selenium is one of the interesting elements in human body, because it's important micro-nutrient for human health as the essential biological tissue in protein. Selenite ($SeO_3^{2-}$) and selenate ($SeO_4^{2-}$) are the dominant dissolved selenium species in natural water, and their toxicity and chemical properties are very different each other. Thus it is necessary to separate the two selenium species for understanding selenium behaviors in natural waters. Some reported methods, using an alumina-filled column and an ion chromatography, to separate the selenite and selenite may be difficult to directly apply to the natural water. Therefore magnetite selectively adsorbs selenite and selenate according to pH of solution, the separation of selenite and selenate using a magnetite-filled column was successfully obtained at weak alkali solutions. Moreover, the influence of dissolved anions in natural water at the selenite sorption onto magnetite was also investigated because they could hinder the sorption of selenite onto magnetite. In other to directly apply to the natural water, reactive sites of magnetite should be considered because dissolved silicate in natural water can hinder the adsorption of selenite onto magnetite.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the proper supplied conditions of sodium selenate supplied by fertigation to improve functionality of major western vegetables; beet, broccoli, cabbage lettuce, celery, and parsley in highland. In this work, the growth and content of minerals, ascorbic acid, nitrate, and selenium were measured in western vegetables that treated sodium selenate by different concentration, treatment time and treatment frequency. While there was not different in early growth of some western vegetables among different concentration of sodium selenate; 1,2, 5 and $20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, at 20 days after treatment, the fresh weight was reduced 33% at cabbage lettuce,47% at broccoli, and 74% at parsley compared control in $5\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment. But the fresh weight of beet and celery reduced just 20% and 15% compared control in even $20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The ascorbic acid of cabbage lettuce, celery, and beet increased as sodium selenate concentration increased, so that of cabbage lettuce showed 1.2 times compared control in $20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ treatment and also that of beet and celery increased 10%. But the ascorbic acid of broccoli and parsley was not influenced by treated sodium selenate. As the concentration of sodium selenate increased, the nitrate contents decreased regardless of crops compared control. This reduced effect of nitrate was highest in cabbage lettuce, followed by beet and celery. The mineral contents, such as K, Ca, and Mg, decreased in all crops, as the concentration of sodium selenate increased. The potassium content showed an obvious negative correlationship with the concentrations of sodium selenate regardless of crops, but the magnesium and calcium content did not show significant difference between treatments. The selenium content increased in proportion as increasing sodium selenate concentrations. The broccoli, celery and parsley treated $20\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sodium selenate showed 24.4 times, 76.4 times, and 560 times higher than control, respectively. When the sodium selenate supplied to some western vegetables in different growth stage, the selenium content increased 1.3 times and 1.4 times higher in early stage than in late stage in cabbage lettuce and broccoli, respectively. However in parsley and celery, the selenium content showed the highest in middle stage. The selenium content increased in proportion as increasing the sodium selenate treatment frequency, but in above 10 times treatment, the increased effect alleviated in parsley, celery, and cabbage lettuce. On the contrary, the selenium content of broccoli increased constantly as treatment frequency increased.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate distribution of selenium in Gangwon highland Province and to confirm the effect of sodium selenate added nutrient solution on the selenium content of some western vegetables; beet, broccoli, cabbage lettuce, celery, and parsley. The contents of selenium were distributed from 0.024 to $0.038\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in soil of Gangwon highland province. As the selenium content in soil increased, the selenium content in broccoli was increased in highland of Gangwon province. The selenium content of broccoli showed $10.5{\sim}17.9\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$ 1311owe4 by celery ($6.02\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$). Beet, cabbage lettuce, and parsley contained just about $1\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}DW$ in highland of Gangwon province. Some western vegetables grown by fertigation supplied $2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sodium selenate were shown better growth and higher selenium content than those of $0\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sodium selenate supplied treatment(control). The selenium contents of western vegetables supplied $2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sodium selenate in fertigation culture for 60 days were $76.2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in broccoli, $69.1\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in parsley, $63.2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in celery, $54.2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in beet, $8.3\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ in cabbage lettuce. Those selenium content of broccoli, celery, and parsley treated $2\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sodium selenate were followed the order 4.2 times, 10.5 times and 62.5 times higher in compared to control.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the interaction of selenate and sulfate ion in nutrient solution supplyed with selenate ion. At early growth stage, the growth of Mongolian wormwood was best at 3mM sulfate ion and 2mg/$\ell$Na$_2$SeO$_4$ treatment. As they were grown and matured, at the later growth stage, the effect of antagonism between selenate and sulfate ion on the growth of each plant decreased. At supplying with selenate ion in nutrient solution, the uptake of selenate by plant had negative correlation with sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution. The higher sulfate ion concentration, the less selenium uptake. However, the effect of antagonistic interaction of selenate and sulfate ion on the selenium uptake increased with plant age. Whereas, the uptake of sulfate ion had positive correlation with sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution at supplying with selenate ion in nutrient solution. The uptake of sulfate ion increased with increase of sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution. The effect of this interaction with selenate and sulfate ion increased with growth and maturity of plant. However, at 3mM sulfate ion concentration in nutrient solution, sulfate ion concentration in plant tissue decreased markedly.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans and bovine TB in mammalian hosts and grows very slowly. Selenium is a central molecule in nitrogen metabolism and an essential ingredient for all living cells and glutamic acid. The effects of selenium on the growth of M. tuberculosis, a representative slow-growing Mycobacterium species, were investigated and measured using the BacT Alert 3D System (MB/BacT System). Sodium selenate, at a final concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$, reduced the average time-to detection (TTD) to 197.2 hours (95% confidence interval (CI), 179.6~214.8) from 225.1 hours (95% CI, 218~232.0) in the control culture media (P<0.05). The TTD did not increase with $\text\tiny{L}$-glutamate concentrations up to $10{\mu}g/mL$, but a significant reduction in the TTD was observed in the presence of $20{\mu}g/mL$ ${\text\tiny{L}}$-glutamate in culture media (P<0.05). In conclusion, selenate and ${\text\tiny{L}}$-glutamate enhance the growth of M. tuberculosis.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.465-470
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of application dosage and methods of selenium (Se) on mineral contents in garlic. The content of Se was higher in upland than paddy fields. Application of higher dosage of Se salt increased higher content of Se in leaf sheath and bulb of garlic. Se was detected also in the non-treated plot but its amount was negligible. Absorption of Se in garlic was higher when Se was applied in the form of sodium selenate. Foliar application of sodium selenate enriched Se content in garlic as compared with the soil dressing. However, Se content in garlic fluctuated depending on growing conditions. Se content of garlic grown on the artificial soil (vermiculite and commercial soil) in the plastic house was higher than the garlic grown in the paddy field. The growth of garlic was not affected by types, dosage and application methods of selenium. Mineral contents in garlic such as Mg, S and K were higher in the selenium treatment than control. However, this trend was not evident according to dosages of selenium fertilizers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 1994

The effects of inorganic selenium (Se), selenate and selenite on Se balance levels in the different ruminal fluid fractions were studied using Japanese Corriedale wethers with an average body weight of 47 kg. A $3{\times}3$ Latin square design was used with three animal, three periods and three treatments. In each period, there was 7 d dietary adjustment followed by 5 d total collection of urine and feces. Ruminal fluid samples were obtained at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 h postprandially on the final day of the collection period. The three dietary treatments were: (1) without Se supplementation (control); (2) with Se supplement as sodium selenate; and (3) sodium selenite at a rate of 0.2 mg Se/kg dietary DM. The basal diet was timothy hay (Phleum pratense L.) fed 2% of body weight/d. Results indicated that Se balance were higher (p < 0.05) for those animals under supplementation than those animals under control. Overall data gathered showed a similar digestion balance of selenate and selenite in sheep. Inorganic Se, both selenate and selenite produced positive Se contents of the ruminal feed particles and protozoa. Bacterial Se increased (p < 0.05) on the first three hours post-prandially in Se supplemented diets. Gross ruminal fluid fraction, although there was improvement on their Se content under the supplemented diets, the changes were insignificant over the control. free inorganic Se and Se in soluble protein of the ruminal fluid were not significantly different for selenate and selenite. Most of the Se in the ruminal fluids of the animals under supplementation were insoluble, indicating the influence of rumen environments on Se bioavaliability.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 1986

Manganese in the Anode slime and the paste-positive material of waste-dry cell was recovered by leaching with the hydrochloric acid solution. The impurities (Zn, Fe, Pb), co-leached with manganese were removed from the leached solution prior to electrolysis by hydrometallurgical techniques such as the neutralization with ammonium hydroxide and cementation on manganese powder. The electrodeposition of manganese from the purified chloride solution with sodium selenate was performed. Cathode current efficiency was found to be affected significantly by the concentration of sodium selenate and ammonium chloride salt, bath temperate, current density and PH. The current efficiency of about 88.7% was obtained by electrolysis manganese chloride solution with sodium selenate (0.1/g) at 10$^{\circ}C$.