• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1607-1616
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• 2018

Quantitatively modeling and propagating all sources of uncertainty stand at the core of seismic fragility assessment of structures. This paper investigates the effects of various sources of uncertainty on seismic responses and seismic fragility estimates of single-layer reticulated domes. Sensitivity analyses are performed to examine the sensitivity of typical seismic responses to uncertainties in structural modeling parameters, and the results suggest that the variability in structural damping, yielding strength, steel ultimate strain, dead load and snow load has significant effects on the seismic responses, and these five parameters should be taken as random variables in the seismic fragility assessment. Based on this, fragility estimates and fragility curves incorporating different levels of uncertainty are obtained on the basis of the results of incremental dynamic analyses on the corresponding set of 40 sample models generated by Latin Hypercube Sampling method. The comparisons of these fragility curves illustrate that, the inclusion of only ground motion uncertainty is inappropriate and inadequate, and the appropriate way is incorporating the variability in the five identified structural modeling parameters as well into the seismic fragility assessment of single-layer reticulated domes.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2000

In this paper, the seismic analysis and the modeling techniques have been introduced for aseismic performances assessment, when seismic isolation bearings are applied on a real bridge. Nonlinear time-history analysis is carried out using finite element analysis program. In this study, EI Centro earthquake(1940, N00W), Mexico earthquake(1985, N90W), and earthquake simulation from modified SIMQKE are used as earthquake ground excitations. The seismic response of seismically isolated bridge is compared with that of a bridge using conventional Pot Bearings, after obtaining the displacements of the deck, the deformations of the piers, shear forces and moments of the bottoms of the piers. The analytical analysis results show that seismic isolation bearing, especially seismic isolation bearings with sliding mechanism, could reduce earthquake forces.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.681-697
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• 2015

Iran as one of the countries located on the Alpine-Himalayan seismic belt has recently experienced a few number of catastrophic earthquakes. A well-known index of how buildings are affected by earthquakes is through assessment of probable Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and structures' response spectra. In this research, active faults around Kerman and Birjand, two major cities in eastern parts of Iran, have been considered. Seismic catalogues are gathered to categorize effects of surrounding faults on seismicity of the region. These catalogues were further refined with respect to time and space based on Knopoff-Gardner algorithm in order to increase statistical independency of events. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) has been estimated for each of cities regarding 50, 100, 200 and 500 years of structures' effective life-span. These results subsequently have been compared with Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). It has been observed that DSHA not necessarily suggests upper bound of PSHA results. Furthermore, based on spectral Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), Uniform Hazard Spectra (UHS) and spectral acceleration were provided for 2% and 10% levels of probability of exceedance. The results show that increasing source-to-site distance leads to spectral acceleration reduction regarding each fault. In addition, the spectral acceleration rate of variation would increase if the source-to-site distance decreases.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2001

원전 격납건물은 내진 안정성을 확보하기 위해 설계단계에서 여유나 보수성을 부여하게 된다. 원전 구조물의 내진성능 평가는 이러한 여유나 보수성을 배제한 실질적인 성능 및 응답을 기준으로 평가하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 내진성능 평가에 고려되는 구조물의 성능 및 응답관련 계수들 중 그 기여도가 비교적 큰 비탄성 에너지 흡수계수의 산정방법에 대한 비교를 수행하였다. 또한 각종 방법에 따라 산정된 비탄성 에너지 흡수계수에 따른 HCLPF(high confidence of low probability of failure)값의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과 원전 격납건물의 비탄성 에너지 흡수계수는 1.5~1.75로 나타났다. 구조물의 내진성능을 명확히 평가하기 위해서는 먼저 구조물의 비선형 거동 및 연성도를 정확히 평가하여야 함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.301-309
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• 2019

A methodology to assess seismic fragility of a nuclear power plant (NPP) using a conditional mean spectrum is proposed as an alternative to using a uniform hazard response spectrum. Rather than the single-scenario conditional mean spectrum, which is the conventional conditional mean spectrum based on a single scenario, a multi-scenario conditional mean spectrum is proposed for the case in which no single scenario is dominant. The multi-scenario conditional mean spectrum is defined as the weighted average of different conditional mean spectra, each one of which corresponds to an individual scenario. The weighting factors for scenarios are obtained from a deaggregation of seismic hazards. As a validation example, a seismic fragility assessment of an NPP containment structure is performed using a uniform hazard response spectrum and different single-scenario conditional mean spectra and multi-scenario conditional mean spectra. In the example, the number of scenarios primarily influences the median capacity of the evaluated structure. Meanwhile, the control frequency, a key parameter of a conditional mean spectrum, plays an important role in reducing logarithmic standard deviation of the corresponding fragility curves and corresponding high confidence of low probability of failure (HCLPF) capacity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.355-372
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• 2015

This paper identifies the effects of infill wall existence and arrangement in the seismic response of steel frame structures. The methodology followed was based on the utilisation of overall seismic response indicators that distil the complexity of structural response in a single value hence enabling their straightforward comparative and statistical post process. The overall structure damage index after Park/Ang ($OSDI_{PA}$) and the maximum inter-story drift ratio (MISDR) have been selected as widely utilized structural seismic response parameters in contemporary state of art. In this respect a set of 225 Greek antiseismic code (EAK) spectrum compatible artificial accelerograms have been created and a series of non-linear dynamic analyses have been executed. Data were obtained through nonlinear dynamic analyses carried on an indicative steel frame structure with 5 different infill wall topologies. Results indicated the significant overall contribution of infill walls with a reduction that ranged 35-47% of the maximum and 74-81% of the average recorded $OSDI_{PA}$ values followed by an overall reduction of 64-67% and 58-61% for the respective maximum and average recorded MISDR values demonstrating the relative benefits of infill walls presence overall as well as localised with similar reductions observed in 1st level damage indicators.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2021

후쿠시마 원전사고 발생으로 다수기의 지진안전성에 관한 연구의 필요성이 부각되었다. 한 부지에 건설된 원자력발전소의 경우 유사한 지진응답을 보이기 때문에 적게나마 원자력발전소 SSCs간의 지진손상에 대하여 상관성이 존재하므로 합리적 지진안전성 평가를 위하여 지진손상 상관성을 고려하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 쌍둥이 호기의 필수전원상실사건에 대하여 확률론적 지진안전성 평가를 수행하였다. 적절한 지진손상 상관계수를 도출하기 위하여 확률론적 지진응답해석을 수행하여 적용하였다. External Event Mensuration System 프로그램을 활용하여 다수기의 필수전원상실사건의 고장수목을 구성하여 지진취약도 및 지진리스크를 분석하였다. 또한 SSCs간의 지진손상 상관성을 완전독립 및 완전종속으로 고려하여 비교 분석을 수행하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2017

This paper studies soil properties uncertainty and its implementation in the seismic response evaluation of structures. For this, response sensitivity of two 4- and 12-story RC shear walls to the soil properties uncertainty by considering soil structure interaction (SSI) effects is investigated. Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) model is used for shallow foundation modeling and the uncertainty of soil properties is expanded to the foundation stiffness and strength parameters variability. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique is employed for probabilistic evaluations. By investigating the probabilistic evaluation results it's observed that as the soil and foundation become stiffer, the soil uncertainty is found to be less important in influencing the response variability. On the other hand, the soil uncertainty becomes more important as the foundation-structure system is expected to experience nonlinear behavior to more sever degree. Since full This paper studies soil properties uncertainty and its implementation in the seismic response evaluation of structures. For this, response sensitivity of two 4- and 12-story RC shear walls to the soil properties uncertainty by considering soil structure interaction (SSI) effects is investigated. Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation (BNWF) model is used for shallow foundation modeling and the uncertainty of soil properties is expanded to the foundation stiffness and strength parameters variability. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique is employed for probabilistic evaluations. By investigating the probabilistic evaluation results it's observed that as the soil and foundation become stiffer, the soil uncertainty is found to be less important in influencing the response variability. On the other hand, the soil uncertainty becomes more important as the foundation-structure system is expected to experience nonlinear behavior to more sever degree. Since full probabilistic analysis methods like MC commonly are very time consuming, the feasibility of simple approximate methods' application including First Order Second Moment (FOSM) method and ASCE41 proposed approach for the soil uncertainty considerations is investigated. By comparing the results of the approximate methods with the results obtained from MC, it's observed that the results of both FOSM and ASCE41 methods are in good agreement with the results of MC simulation technique and they show acceptable accuracy in predicting the response variability.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2011

This paper discusses a mechanical model for the vulnerability assessment of old masonry building aggregates that takes into account the uncertainties inherent to the building parameters, to the seismic demand and to the model error. The structural capacity is represented as an analytical function of a selected number of geometrical and mechanical parameters. Applying a suitable procedure for the uncertainty propagation, the statistical moments of the capacity curve are obtained as a function of the statistical moments of the input parameters, showing the role of each one in the overall capacity definition. The seismic demand is represented by response spectra; vulnerability analysis is carried out with respect to a certain number of random limit states. Fragility curves are derived taking into account the uncertainties of each quantity involved.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

기존의 확률적 지진 취약성 분석은 그 중요성에도 불구하고 시간과 노력의 과도한 소요로 인하여 내진 성능 평가에 사용되기에 많은 제약이 따라왔다. 본 연구에서는 이를 극복하기 위해 획기적 수준의 신속성과 확장성을 갖춘 지진 취약성 분석 체계와 이를 실용화 하기위한 취약성 등고선을 개발하였다. 응답 데이터베이스를 활용하여 광범위한 구조물의 최대 응답을 즉각적으로 구하고 이를 바탕으로 구조물의 주기와 강성에 따른 한계상태확률의 변화를 한눈에 파악할 수 있는 취약성 등고선을 도출하였다. 최대응답 등고선의 도출과 비교를 통해서 최대응답의 분포는 연성도 요구치로 나타내는 것이 변위의 절대값으로 표현하는 것보다 안정적인 예측곡선을 보여 주며, 구조물의 응답특성변수인 주기와 강도비가 최대응답에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데도 유리함을 확인하였다. 연성도를 내진성능 평가의 기준으로 사용하기 위해서 내진설계기준에서 한계상태변위로서 제시되는 층간변위비와 연성도 요구치 사이의 상호 변환 관계를 정의하였다. 예제 구조물의 내진보강 전략 수립에 대한 논의를 통해서 신뢰성 이론에 기반 한 내진 보강과 설계에 취약성 등고선이 매우 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보여주었다.