• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.230-231
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• 2014

This study is concerned with the root penetration resistance competence and constructability of a waterproofing and root penetration resistance layer of an eco-bridge which is applied with various types of seeding. For the review of root penetration resistance competence, the competence was tested using herbs, woody plants, and tall trees. As a result, there was no tear of or damage to the waterproofing and root penetration resistance layer as well as the sweeping-down phenomenon of a waterproofing and root penetration resistance layer by soil. Also, the effect of the root growth of herbs, woody plants, and tall trees on the root penetration resistance system was confirmed.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1998

No-tillage silage corn with legume hairy vetch(Vicia villosa Roth, HV) has renewed interest in supply of mineral N, soil erosion control at sloping land and weed control by cover of HV killed. This study was conducted to monitor concentration of soil mineral N ($NO_3^-$ -N + $NH_4^+$-N) and to find out variation of growth, yield and N uptake of silage corn according to quantity of HV cover; HV-removed, 1X-HV, 2X-HV at field of Crop Experiment Station in 1996. HV groM in early spring decreased the mineral N of soil depth 7.5 -22cm before corn seeding. But, killed HV cover increased the concentration of soil mineral N at surface soil (0-7.5cm) up to 45.4mglkg at early growth stage of corn. Dry matter(Dh4) of corn at harvest was lower in W-removed than in Okg FNlha. But DM and N uptake of corn at harvest were increased by quantity of HV-cover increasing liom HV-removed to 2X-HV. Hairy vetch could substitute N fertilizer for silage corn by N mineralized h m HV killed, but reduced early growth and N uptake of corn before silk by reducing soil mineral N of plow layer.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.324-329
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• 1998

본 연구(硏究)는 2년간('96~'97)의 이상고온(異狀高溫)해에 벼 건답(乾畓) 직파재배시(直播栽培時) 완효성시료(緩效性試料)(LCU)의 시용(施用)에 따른 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 토양중(土壤中) $NH_4-N$발현량(發現量), 질소흡수량(窒素吸收量) 및 이용율(利用率), 수량성(收量性) 변이(變異)를 조사(調査)하기 위하여 호남평야지(湖南平野地) 논토양(土壤)의 대표토양(代表土壤)인 전북통(全北統)에서 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있다. 시비질소(施肥窒素)의 용출(溶出)은 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)의 기비전량(基肥全量) 전층시비시(全層施肥時) 무효분얼기(無效分蘖期)에 거의 완료(完了)되었으며 관행의 표층시비(表層施肥)에서는 전기간(全期間) $NH_4-N$함량이 낮았다. 완효성비료(緩效性肥料) 시용구(施用區)의 출수기(出穗期) 비절현상(肥切現象)은 SPAD치(値) 28.1에서 나타났으며 경엽중(莖葉中) 질소농도(窒素濃度)는 1.75%였다. 질소이용율(窒素利用率)은 관행(慣行)에 비하여 완효성비료(緩效性肥料) 시용구(施用區)에서 높았고 관행(慣行)의 표층시비(表層施肥)에서는 전층시비(全層施肥)의 56.9%에 지나지 않았다. 쌀 수량(收量)은 완효성비료(緩效性肥料)를 기비(基肥)로만 시용한 것에 비하여 수비(穗肥)를 시용(施用)하므로써 9%의 증수(增收)를 보였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1999

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration and environmentally friendly revegetation technology for the rock-exposed cut-slopes by the Natural Topsoil Restoration Methods (NTRM) with the following restoration objectives; (1) prevention or reduction of wind and water erosion, (2) provision of food and cover for variety of animal species, (3) improvement of the visual or aesthetic quality of the disturbed slopes. On Nov. in 1995, the 5cm thick layer of artificial soil and 2cm thick layer of straw-mulching was attached at rock-exposed cut-slopes by NTRM without using anchor wire and anchor pin. The main results during four years surveying on the ground-coverage effect, plant growth, species diversity and importance values were summarized as follows. 1. Artificial soil attached at rock exposed cut-slopes was not eroded until recovered by tree and herbaceous vegetation in spite of not using anchor wire and anchor pin. Also it shows low soil hardiness and has almost the same amount of bacteria and fungi with in surrounding natural topsoil. 2. In 'combination for the woody vegetation', Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, Albizzia julibrissin, Rhus chinensis, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria occupied upper layer vegetation. Since three years after seeding, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria had overwhelmed the other woody plants and cool season foreign grasses, Erigeron canadensis, Taraxacum mongolicum, Commelina communis, Arundinella hirta (Thunberg) and Oenothera erythrosepala grows at lower part of the vegetation, 3. The heights of the Rhus chinensis grows 1.8m, Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria 2.0m, so it seems that the objectives of woody vegetation with native plants could be accomplished. 4. After 4 years later after seeding in 'combination for the herbaceous vegetation', the most dominant plant was Indigofera pseudo-tinctoria, the next was in order of cool-season grasses, Taraxacum mongolicum, Erigeron canadensis, lxeris dentata (Thunberg), Oenothera erythrosepala, Arundinella hirta (Thunberg). The diversity index in 'combination for woody vegetation' was higher than that in 'combination for the herbaceous vegetation'. The tendency of the intrusion of secondary succession plants was more effective in 'combination for the herbaceous vegetation' than in 'combination for the woody vegetation'.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.186-191
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• 1990

연중(年中) 미사질양토(微砂質壤土)에서 올방개 괴경(塊莖)의 맹아(萌芽)와 휴면정도(休眠程度)를 조사(調査)하고 괴경(塊莖) 파종시기(播種時期) 및 심도(深度)가 출아(出芽), 초기생육(初期生育) 및 괴경형성(塊莖形成)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 토중(土中) 심도별(深度別) 괴경형성량(塊莖形成量)은 10~15cm층(層)에 가장 많고, 5~10cm층(層), 0~5cm층(層), 15~20cm 층위(層位) 순(順)으로 많았다. 2. 연중(年中) 올방개 괴경(塊莖)의 맹아율(萌芽率)은 78%, 휴면율(休眠率)은 22% 정도(程度)였다. 3. 토양층위별(土壤層位別) 휴면괴경분포(休眠塊莖分布)는 15~20cm 층(層)에 42%로 가장 많고, 10~15cm층(層)에 39%, 5~10cm층(層)에 14%, 0~5cm층(層)에 5%로 토양심도(土壤深度)가 깊을수록 휴면괴경수(休眠塊莖數)가 많았다. 4. 토양층위별(土壤層位別) 괴경휴면율(塊莖休眠率)은 15~20cm 층(層)에서는 60%, 10~15cm층(層)에서는 21%, 5~20cm층(層)에서는 12%, 0~5cm층(層)에서는 7% 정도(程度)로 심토층(深土層)일수록 휴면율(休眠率)이 높았다. 5. 괴경(塊莖)의 파종심도(播種深度)가 낮을수록 평균(平均) 출아일수(出芽日數)가 짧고 출아율(出芽率)도 높았다. 6. 5, 10, 15cm 파종구(播種區)에서는 5월(月) 30일(日) 파종(播種)보다 6월(月) 30일(日) 파종(播種)에서 괴경형성량(塊莖形成量)이 많았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.420-428
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• 1996

획기적인 벼 생산비 절감 기술 확립을 위해1993~1995년 호남농업시험장인 전북통(미사질양토)에서 동진벼를 공시하고 무경운 기계이앙, 무경운 무논골뿌림, 무경운 표면조파, 무경운 산파, 경운 기계이앙 등 5가지로 하여 재배 양식간의 생육 및 수량성의 차이를 비교 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 토양 경도는 무경운에서 높았고(토심 10cm의 경도 : 무경운 1.6kg/$cm^2$, 경운 1.0kg/$cm^2$), 토괴 심도가 깊을수록 경운과의 차이가 커지는 경향이었으며, 토양 물리성중 가비중은 무경운이 경운보다 높았으며 공극률은 경운에서 58.5~55.9로 무경운의 52.1~50.5보다 높았다. 2. 무경운 직파재배시 m$^2$당 입모수는 l13~133개였으며 이앙재배시 결주율은 경운 이앙 3%, 무경운 이앙 4.5%로 무경운 이앙에서 높았고, 유효경 비율은 경운 이앙이 높았으며, 무경운 재배 양식간에는 이앙>무논골뿌림>표면조파>산파의 순으로 높았다. 3. 잡초 발생량은 무경운에서 많았으며 경운에서는 피, 올양개, 방동사니가 우점하였고 무경운에서는 나도겨풀, 사마귀풀, 둑새풀이 우점하였 다. 4. 뿌리량은 경운 이앙에서 가장 많았고, 무경운재배 양식간에는 이앙>무논골뿌림>표면조파>산파의 순으로 많았으며, 뿌리 분포는 무경운에서 경운보다 표층 분포가 많았다. 특히 표면에 파종한 산파와 표면조파에서 표층 분포가많았다. 5. 하위 절간의 분포 비율은 도복이 심했던 무경운 표면조파와 산파에서 낮았고, 무경운 무논골뿌림, 무경운 이앙은 경운 이앙과 비슷하였으며, 중심고는 이앙재배에 비해 직파재배에서낮았고 줄기 매몰 심도는 경운(3.1cm)에 비해 무경운에서 낮았는데 무경운 표면조파, 산파에서는 0.6~0.7cm로 현저히 낮았다. 6. 도장 도복은 무경운재배시 산파>표면조파>무논골뿌림>이앙재배 순으로 높게 발생했으며, 특히 무경운 표면조파와 산파에서 뿌리도복이 심하게 발생되었다. 7. m$^2$당 수수는 경운 이아이 가장 많았고 무경운산파가 가장 적었으며, 등숙 비율은 포장도복이 심했던 무경운 표면조파, 산파에서 가장 낮았다. 벼 수량성은 경운, 무경운 이앙은 서로 비슷하였고 무경운 무논골뿌림은 경운 이앙의 약 93%였으며, 무경운 표면조파, 산파는 포장도복으로 크게 낮아 경운 이질의 87~81%정도였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the optimal collecting time and methods of utilization of forest topsoil as a seed-bank source for revegetation materials of slopes. From April to November of 1998, nursery seedbeds in the greenhouse of Seoul National University were seeded with mixtures of forest topsoil and seeds. The nursery seedbeds were treated to evaluate the effect of depths of forest topsoil and seeding amounts. Seasonal experiments with $3{\times}3$ factorial design were conducted in April, June and August. More than 40 seedlings/$m^2$ were observed as the naturally-emerged species in the plot, treated with the top-layer forest soil within the depth of 10cm. However, it was found, as seeding more seeds, the number of appearance of the naturally-emerged species reduced because of the heavy competition between the seeded and the naturally-emerged. According to the results of this research, it is recommended that seeding amount should be no more than 1,000 seeds/$m^2$ to avoid the severe competition. Also it was observed that the forest topsoil collected in spring(April) is better than that collected in summer. The more species of the naturally-emerged were found in the forest topsoil collected in spring. Forest-topsoil-mixed-materials as a seed-bank source could significantly increase the plant diversity and productivity. Effective use of forest topsoil as a seed-bank source may become a valuable tool in future restoration of disturbed slopes for promoting plant community diversity and recycling of spoiled-soils from the slopes.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제33권5호통권112호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2005

Research was initiated to investigate turf performance under USGA soil system. USGA system 45 centimeters deep was built with rootzone layer, intermediate layer, and drainage layer. Six turfgrass entries were comprised of 3 blends and 3 mixtures from cool-season grasses (CSG). Turfgrass color and quality ratings were best in spring and fall, especially early May to early July and late August to early November. Kentucky bluegrass (KB) consistently produced the greatest performance, while perennial ryegrass (PR) the poorest. Intermediate turf performance between KB and PR was observed with tall fescue (TF). Among CSG mixtures it increased with KB but decreased with PR. There were considerable variations in summer turf Performance. No summer drought injury was found in KB and TF. However, PR showed poor performance through summer as compared with others. Among mixtures, it decreased with PR. It was suggested that PR mix in less than $20\%$ in the mixtures to have an acceptable quality in summer. Cultural intensity also affected it. With lowering mowing height, KB of rhizomatous-type in growth habit kept good quality, while PR and TF with bunch-type in growth habit poor quality. Mowing quality was greatly different among CSG. KB produced clean-cut surface, but PR unclean one. If had an intermediate mowing quality between KB and PR. A great difference in green color retention was observed among CSG. The longest CSG was PR that kept green for 339 days, while the shortest one TF for 267 days. KB continued to keep green for 290 days. The mixtures kept green in color for 292 to 315 days, depending on turfgrass mixing intensity. The greater the PR in content, the longer the green color duration. These results demonstrate that KB was the best and PR the worst among CSG grown in USGA system under a domestic climate, in regards of turf quality, color, mowing quality, summer turf performance and green color duration. KB and TF are most adequate for high-maintenance and low-maintenance area, respectively. In case of mixtures for high-quality turf, it was desirable to use KB-based mixture with PR of below $20\%$ in seeding rate.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2005

This study aimed to address problems and suggest solutions in applying seed mixture design criterior of the slope revegetation works according to "The guidelines of Slope revegetation design and construction" proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. To do this, the planting thickness was set to be the same 2cm while the composition of seeds was made different, which was planted in artificial slopes and fields. The main results were summarized as follows. In the test, when applying the provisional standards of the plant mixtures proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation, tree seeds and native plants were found poor coverage effect in the early stage in all test plots due to introduced grasses. This was because introduced winter grasses which grew well in the early stage, could grow densely, so it might hamper the growth of other plants. Therefore, it was found desirable that standards for seed mixing should be adjusted down by 10% and the ratio of introduced grasses in the mixture should be lowered to 25% while native plants should increase to 20-25%.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.413-417
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• 2002

온대 수도작에 있어서 발아시의 조건에 가까운 저온.담수 토양조건에서의 출아에 관련된다고 생각되어지는 $\beta$-아밀라제 유전자 발현과 발현 양상이 실제로 호분층 인접 부분의 전분 분해에 영향을 미치는지 in situ hybridization과 현미화학적방법으로 검토하였다. 1. $18^{\circ}C$의 저온.담수토양조건하에서 출아했던 장향도 품종은 호분층에서 $\beta$-아밀라제 유전자의 발현이 보였다. 2. $18^{\circ}C$의 저온.담수토양조건하에서 출아하지 못했던 수원 287호는 $\beta$-아밀라제 유전자의 발현이 보이지 않았다. 3. $\beta$-아밀라제 활성의 유무에 의해 배반세포에 인접한 배유부분의 전분분해량에 변화를 보여 $\beta$-아밀라제 활성이 높은 장향도, 은방주(Ginbozu), Fortana I-133가 $18^{\circ}C$의 저온.담수토양조건하에서는 $\beta$-아밀라제 활성을 나타내지 않는 수원 287호와 시험한 모든 조건하에서 $\beta$-아밀라제의 활성이 보이지 않았던 농림(Norin) 6호, 고시히까리(Koshihikari) 보다 배반상피세포 및 배반상피세포에 인접한 호분층 근접 배유부분의 전분립 감소가 컸다. 이상의 결과 저온.담수토양조건하에서 벼 종자의 출아에 $\beta$-아밀라제 유전자의 발현과 전분 분해의 연관 가능성을 확인하였다.