• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.363-371
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• 2016

Tabulis [Astilboides tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl.] has the potential for becoming a useful horticultural crop. This study was conducted to classify the seed dormancy types and to identify the germination conditions that improve the horticultural usefulness of this plant. We found that A. tabularis (Hemsl.) Engl. produced undifferentiated embryos and had a low germination rate of under 50%. In addition, water submersion led to moisture absorption. Therefore, A. tabularis seeds were designated as morphologically dormant. The germination rate was highest (86.3%) at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions. Higher temperatures generally led to an acceleration of the germination process, regardless of light condition. To improve the germination rate, seeds were submerged in various concentrations of growth regulators, such as $GA_3$ and kinetin, as well as minerals such as $KNO_3$ and KCl. An analysis of germination characteristics at $30^{\circ}C$ under light conditions revealed that treatment with 200 and $500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to an excellent germination rate of 97.0%. Treatment with $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}GA_3$ led to a better germination rate than the control as well. However, treatment with kinetin, $KNO_3$, and KCl had no effect on germination, regardless of concentration.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

Seeded variety of zoysiagrass has not been bred yet in Korea. Development of seeded zoysiagrass cultivar will be very important for the growth of turfgrass industry internationally as well as domestically. This research was conducted to investigate seed yield and germinability of 102 collected native zoysiagrass ecotypes in South Korea. Two hundred and seventy seven ecotypes were collected from various locations including coastal and mountain areas, while 102 morphologically distinct and seed producing ecotypes were selected and planted in $1m{\times}1m$ maintenance plots. Seed yield ranged from 0.1 to $32.2g\;m^{-2}$. Highest yielding line was a medium leaf type zoysiagrass of Z6011 with $32.2g\;m^{-2}$. Most collected lines showed seed germination rates of below 50%. However, Z2095 showed highest germination rate of 78%. Considering germination rate and seed yield, collected lines of Z6011, Z 6015, Z1075, ZN1008, and Z1084, which were mostly medium leaf type and Z. japonica types, showed reasonably high potential to be used as breeding lines for high yield seed varieties of zoysiagrass.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.229-229
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• 2010

With the scaling down of ultra large integrated circuits (ULSI) to the sub-50 nm technology node, the need for an ultra-thin, continuous and conformal diffusion barrier and Cu seed layer is increasing. However, diffusion barrier and Cu seed layer formation with a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method has become difficult as the technology node is reduced to 30 nm and beyond. Recent work on self-forming barrier processes using PVD Cu alloys have attracted great attention due to the capability of conformal ultra-thin barrier formation using a simple technique. However, as in the case of the conventional barrier and Cu seed layer, PVD of the Cu alloy seed layer will eventually encounter the difficulty in conformal deposition in narrow line trenches and via holes. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been known for its good step coverage and precise thickness control, and is a candidate technique for the formation of a thin conformal barrier layer and Cu seed layer. Conformal Cu-Mn seed layers were deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) at low temperature ($120^{\circ}C$), and the Mn content in the Cu-Mn alloys were controlled form 0 to approximately 10 atomic percent with various Mn precursor feeding times. Resistivity of the Cu-Mn alloy films decreased by annealing due to out-diffusion of Mn atoms. Out-diffused Mn atoms were segregated to the surface of the film and interface between a Cu-Mn alloy and $SiO_2$, resulting in self-formed $MnO_x$ and $MnSi_xO_y$, respectively. No inter-diffusion was observed between Cu and $SiO_2$ after annealing at $500^{\circ}C$ for 12 h, indicating an excellent diffusion barrier property of the $MnSi_xO_y$. The adhesion between Cu and $SiO_2$ was enhanced by the formation of $MnSi_xO_y$. Continuous and conductive Cu-Mn seed layers were deposited with PEALD into 32 nm $SiO_2$ trench, enabling a low temperature process, and the trench was perfectly filled using electrochemical plating (ECD) under conventional conditions. Thus, it is the resultant self-forming barrier process with PEALD Cu-Mn alloy film as a seed layer for plating Cu that has further potential to meet the requirement of the smaller than 30 nm node.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2021

The yield potential of sesame depends on genetic factor, environmental factor, genetic × environmental interaction, as well as agronomic factors such as sowing date, planting density or seed rate for sowing. The main aim of this study was to analyze the effects of different sowing dates on the yield-related traits and total seed weight of sesame. The analysis of variance revealed that different sowing dates affected sesame yield-related traits such as plant height, number of branch per plant, number of capsule per plant, 1,000-seed weight, and total seed weight. Early or late sowing date showed negative effect of yield-related sesame traits and total seed weight. Optimum sowing date for sesame in the middle region of Korean peninsula was May 10^th, in which total seed yield recorded 90 kg per 10 are. Path-coefficient analysis revealed that the number of capsule per plant and plant height were major factors that affected the total seed weight of sesame across different sowing dates.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 항만 및 어항시설의 내진설？준서에서 채택하고 있는 수정 Seed와 Idriss 방법을 이용하여 액상화 평가를 수행하고 액상화 가능지수(liquefaction potential index, LPI)와 등가 액상화 안전율(FE)을 이용하여 액상화 가능성에 대한 구역도를 작성하였다. 이 두결과가 유사한 것으로 나타나 등가 액상화 안전율의 적합성을 확인하였다 국내 연안의 두지역에 대하여 Hachinohe 지진기록과 Ofunato 지진기록을 이용한 액상화 가능성 구역도를 FE를 이용하여 작성한 후 비교한 결과 Hachinohe 지진기록에 의한 액상화 가능성 구역도가 더 과소평가되는 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다 또한 FE는 안전율의 형태로 표현되었기 때문에 구역도 작성과 해석에 편의 성을 제공하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2021

Cheonggukjang (CGJ) is a famous traditional Korean food that is typically produced by fermenting steamed soybean seeds and has a unique flavor and taste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of lotus seeds on the quality and antioxidant activities of CGJ. Color value, 1,1-diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging potential, and the amounts of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, mineral, and free amino acid were evaluated. The CGJ sample produced with lotus alone or a mixture of soybean and lotus produced in Korea showed relatively high antioxidant potential. The amount of essential and total free amino acids was also high in the sample prepared with lotus seeds grown in Korea. On the other hand, the total mineral content was low in the lotus-based samples. The results indicated that a mixture of an equal proportion of soybean and lotus seeds could be a good option to prepare nutritious CGJ.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.422-430
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• 2015

The present study announces that the pH value of seed coating solution makes a significant effect on the microstructure of silicalite-1 zeolite layer formed on ${\alpha}$-alumina support. Seed with an average diameter of 75 nm was dispersed in ethanol to prepare three kinds of seed coating solutions with different pH values, and dip-coated on the support. The pH value was controlled to be 2.2, 7.0, and 9.3, respectively. In the secondary growth process, pH 7 seed solution resulted an uniform, 3 to $4{\mu}m$ thick, completely covered, and 100 nm grained silicalite-1 zeolite separation layer. The uniformity and completeness were explained by a uniform, closely packed, multi-layered, and completely covered seed coating in the pH 7 condition. In the condition, ${\alpha}$-alumina support and seed are oppositely charged: support is positively charged (8.4 mV) and seed, negatively (-1.7 mV). The opposite charging induced a strong electrostatic attraction between seed and support, which made the good seed coating state. On the other hand, pH 2.2 and pH 9.3 seed solutions resulted non-uniform, partially covered, and around $1{\mu}m$ grained zeolite separation layer, since seed and support are the same sign charged in the conditions. The same sign charging induced a strong electrostatic repulsion between seed and support which caused a low coverage of seed. It could be concluded that the pH value of seed coating solution is a key parameter to determine the microstructure of silicalite-1 zeolite separation layer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1994

Liquefaction characteristics of the reclaimed marine sand deposits is studied by means of the dynamic response analysis and the cyclic triaxial compression test. 1) From the result of the dynamic response analysis. it was found that the amplification of ground surface maximum acceleration varied with input earthquake motions and soil data, and earthquake coefficients were proposed to be applicable in evaluating liquefaction potential by simplified prediction methods. 2) For upper and soft sand deposits with small N-value, liquefaction strengths estimated by Seed and Idriss's simplified method were lower than those by the cyclic triaxial test while those by Iwasaki & Tatsuoka's or Vs-method were not lower. 3) Simplified methods were inclined to overestimate liquefaction potential in comparison with the dynamic response analysis and the cyclic triaxial compression test Allowable depths of liquefaction(safety factor 1) were estimated to be 7-14m for 0.1 -0.2g of input maximum acceleration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 2010

In order to elucidate the antioxidant potential of non-edible parts of oriental melon, antioxidant activities and total phenolic compound contents of six samples including peel, placenta, stem leaf, flesh and seed were determined. Antioxidant activities were evaluated using in vitro DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and SOD assay. Among non-edible parts of oriental melon, stalk showed the highest antioxidant activity and its antioxidant potential increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The contents of total phenolic compound were also higher than other parts. The relationship between antioxidant activities and the contents of total phenolic compound were analyzed and showed higher correlation coefficients between ABTS radical scavenging activity and contents of total phenolic compound. The above results suggest that the stalk of oriental melon may have potential as a good source for functional material.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.274-276
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• 2006

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a legume to East Asia that has great potential for development as traditional food and industrial crop. It produces both protein and starch rich grain. The low variability of the existing gene pool of the mungbean limits the use of conventional plant breeding to address this problem. For this purpose, an efficient means of RNA isolation from mungbean seed tissues was developed. The quality of RNA obtained by this method was sufficient for use in RT-PCR and RNA analysis.