• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.2
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• pp.170-177
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to select early, late, and abundant flowering trees of black locust from domesticated and introduced cultivars, and prediction of flowering period by calculation of accumulated temperature in spring. Four cultivars (Debreceni-2, Pusztavacs, Jaszkiseri, and Rozsaszin AC) from Hungary and a cultivar from Beijing, China, were introduced, propagated by seed and planted in a seed orchard. For domesticated black locust, 63 cultivars from 10 locations throughout the country were selected and propagated by root cutting. Criteria for selection of domesticated cultivars were abundant flowering, long flowering period, or abundant nectar production with, if possible, straight stems. Accumulated temperature was calculated from data of a nearby weather station by accumulating daily maximum temperature minus 5 degree Celsius from January 1 up to the date reaching 880 degrees. Daily mean temperature was also used to calculate accumulated temperature up to the date reaching 450 degrees. The percentages of two-year and three-year-old flowering trees propagated by root cutting were higher than that of trees propagated by seeds, while four-year-old trees all flowered regardless of propagation methods. Among the domesticated cultivars, all the cultivars from Ganghwa showed abundant flowering with highest nectar production of 6.5 ul per flower, which was 100% more than other domesticated cultivars and 50% more than Debreceni-2 cultivar with highest nectar production among the introduced cultivars from Hungary. At the end of the eight years of observations, two trees of Debreceni-2 cultivars and a tree from Beijing, China were selected for early flowering trees which flowered 2 to 3 days earlier than average trees, while a tree of Debeceni-2 and three trees from Bejing were selected for late flowering trees which flowered 2 to 3 days later than average trees. It is possible to extend the flowering period of black locust by 4 to 6 days by planting early and late flowering cultivars together. Abundant flowering trees were unable to be selected due to severe damages by leaf gall midges which killed many trees and reduced the crown size of the remaining trees in the seed orchard, and which were first found in Korea in 2001 and now damaging most of the black locust forests in Korea. The prediction of flowering period by accumulated temperature indicated that black locust flowered to a peak when accumulated daily maximum temperature reached 880 degrees Celsius, and when daily mean temperature reached 450 degrees.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2008

This study analyzed the growth, seed quality, and yield of major early-maturing soybean cultivars by comparing them in order to utilize the research results in the selection of early-maturing soybean cultivars in multi-cropping farms in the Southern area. This field trial was conducted at Naju region (latitude $35^{\circ}04'N$, longitude $126^{\circ}54'E$), Jeonnam, with planting on June 15. The maturing date for Keunol-kong and Hwaseong-put-kong was found to be around September 12, which was earlier than other cultivars. Thus, there were advantages to introducing a cropping system as well as having good seed quality and high yield. On the other hand, the maturing date for Saeol-kong and Sinrok-kong was found to be around September 20, which was a little bit late; however, the seed quality of the cultivars was good and they had a high yield. Therefore, if we want to sow the following crops of soybeans around mid-September, Keunol-kong and Hwaseong-put-kong are advantageous, while for the seeding around late September, Saeol-kong and Sinrok-kong would be good. This study was also performed to identify the limitation time for early harvesting by reviewing seed quality and yield of major early-maturing soybean cultivars according to early harvesting. When harvesting Keunol-kong on September 6, which was six days earlier than the optimal harvesting time (September 12), there was no difference in seed weight, yield, or seed quality than those of the harvested at the optimum maturing time. As for Saeol-kong, when harvesting on September 18, which was six days earlier than the optimal harvesting time (September 24), there was no difference in seed weight, yield, or seed quality than those of the harvested at the optimum maturing time. Therefore, the stable limitation time for early harvesting of Keunol-kong and Saeol-kong was concluded to be six days earlier than the optimal harvesting time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2014

Variation of anthocyanin contents were analyzed by different growing environments, three locations over three years with 3 black colored soybeans. Anthocyanin contents were different according to growing location, genotypes and planting time, so it can be concluded that anthocyanin content was effected by environmental and genetic variation. Planting date seemed to have a much greater influence on anthocyanin content than cultivar and location. Among different planting dates, anthocyanin contents increased in the seeds planted on June 15 rather than did May 30 and May 15. Compared with 3 cultivars and 3 locations, Ilpumgeomjungkong and Yeonchun had higher contents such as 11.58 mg/ and 9.85 mg/g, respectively. The correlations between color index and anthocyanin content were analyzed by Hunter'value. L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values were correlated negatively with D3G, C3G, Pt3G and total anthocyanin content while a (redness) value was correlated positively. The correlations between meteorological factors and anthocyanin content were analyzed. Anthocyanin content was correlated negatively with mean temperature and accumulated temperature whereas mean daily temperature difference showed positive correlation. We could conclude that the area in which mean temperature was low and daily temperature difference was high is good for attempts to improve black soybean seed quality by the increase of anthocyanin contents.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.647-651
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• 1997

Flowering date of peanut variety, Daekwangtangkong and Daepungtangkong in non-mulching culture was delayed each 9 and 6 days. Seedling ratio was decreased each 3.7%, 16% and branch length was decreased each 24%, 17% more than polyethylene film mulching culture. But the number of branch in non-mulching culture was not reduced. No. of mature pods, kernel/pod ratio, 100-seed weight and kernel weight per plant was reduced extremely in non-mulching culture, nevertheless the kernel yield per 1 ha of Daekwangtangkong in non-mulching culture was similar to that of polyethylene film mulching culture but yield of Daepungtangkong was 26% higher than that of polyethylene film mulching culture owing to planting density. Protein content of Daekwangtangkong in non-mulching culture was increased 4% but that of Daepungtangkong was decreased 3% and oil content of both variety was decreased 7%, 9% respectively comparing to polyethylene film mulching culture. Oleic acid was increased but linoleic acid was decreased and O/L ratio was decreased in non-mulching culture.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1995

In order to determine the optimum planting density of Perilla frutescens which is suitable for the southern part of Korea, agronomic characters, yield of fresh stem, leaf and seed, and yield components were investigated grown in 1985 and 1986 at Mokpo Branch Station of Crop Experiment Station. The heading date was Aug. $14{\sim}15$ and the blooming period was Aug. $19{\sim}21$ regardless of the difference of plant density, but the longest stem length was 135cm in the plant density of $70{\time}40cm$ and the stem length in the plant density of $80{\time}40cm$ was 134cm. The quantity of fresh weight of stem and leaf and fresh weight of seed was high as 531kg/l0a in the plant density of $80{\time}40cm$. The positive correlation such as $0.7315^*,\;0.9024^{**}\;and\;0.7425^*$ were found between stem length and fresh weight of stem and leaf, stem length and fresh weight of seed, fresh weight of stem and leaf and fresh weight of seed and so high significance was recongnized. In the verification of significance of row spacing, the disperse of the stem length was $55.67^{**}$, that of fresh weight of stem and leaf is $268.50^*$, theat of fresh weight of seed was $16.00^{**}$ and high significance was recognized. In the verification of significance of intrarow spacing, the diperse of stem length was $54.21^{**}$, that of fresh weight of stem and leaf was $2,582.00^{**}$, that of fresh weight of seed was $48.00^{**}$ and then high significance was recognized. Accordingly, the proper plant density of perilla frutescens was 80cm of row $spacing{\time}40cm$ of intrarow spacing.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

The late-maturing black rice cultivar Shinnongheugchal from Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Service was used as the plant material for estimating growth characters, quality and yield from the vegetation period to harvest age. This study was performed to select an optimum combination of nitrogen level and planting density for the maximum yield of Shinnongheugchal. The plant height, number of tillers, and SPAD index were higher when the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level was used at 30 days after transplanting. The heading date for the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level, and 80 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level was August 22. The heading date for the other combinations was August 21. The combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level yielded the highest number of tillers at 40 days after flowering. Even though the lodging index was increased with increasing nitrogen levels, field lodging did not occur until harvest time. Seed nitrogen concentration in the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level showed a significant difference when compared with the other combinations. The black rice yield varied significantly, and the highest yield was observed in the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. The yield was significantly correlated with seed nitrogen concentration. The maximum yield was estimated to be 14.67 kg/10 a nitrogen level by using the regression equation. On average, the coloring degree of the black rice was higher at planting density of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ than at 80 hills per $3.3m^2$. The highest yield of perfect black rice was obtained using the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. Our findings demonstrate that a nitrogen level of 13-14 kg/10 a can be used to obtain the maximum yield from Shinnongheugchal with yield, cyanidin 3-glucoside content, and perfect black rice yield as the standard.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.218-221
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• 2010

'Anyu', a perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) cultivar for edible seed was developed by the Department of Functional Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2008. It was originated from the cross between a pedigree of YCPL1824 as a female and SF9225-3-1 as a male parent in 1998. 'Anyu' can be characterized by purple flower color and brown grain color. 'Anyu' showed semi-dwarft type with 120 cm height, and has lodging tolerance. Maturing date of 'Anyu' was September 24, which is 15 days faster than that of 'Saeyeopsil'. The early maturity of this new cultivar showed a great advantage to various planting system with other crops. This new cultivar has high oil content (45%) and high linolenic acid in the fatty acid composition. The yield potential of 'Anyu' was about 0.9 ton/1ha in the regional yield trial.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2007

Research was initiated to examine establishment efficiency of zoysiagrass by plugging. Zoysiagrass is known to be a slowly establishing turfgrass species. Properly-treated zoysiagrass seed can speed up the establishment rate, while initial irrigation practice is intensively required after seeding. A planting method with small plugs($2.5{\times}2.5cm$) from seeding can overcome initial watering requirement. Establishment speed, however, can vary with planting dates, planting spaces, and plastic film cover in early stage. Establishment characteristics were investigated for two years by planting dates that were April 5, May 18, July 13, August 24 and October 29 in 2004 and April 6 in 2005. They were also compared with three different spaces($20{\times}20,\;25{\times}25,\;and\;30{\times}30cm$) and three different fertilizer levels(15, 30, and $45g\;N{\cdot}m^{-2}$). Ground coverage reached to 90% in plugs of 'Zenith' zoysiagrass planted on April 5. It increased suddenly in period of July to August, resulting in about 50% of full establishment rate. Establishment rates were significantly faster over 9% in plugs spaced at $20{\times}25cm$ than in those at $30{\times}30cm$. No significant differences were observed on the stolen number and stolen length in the study. Survival rate in zoysiagrass plug was over 90% at all plantings. These results demonstrated that zoysiagrass establishment using small plug from seeding is considered to be a safe and efficient method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 1985

Two cowpea varieties, VITA #5 &Jungweon local var., had been sown at intervals of 15 days from May 1 to Aug. 29, and the following results were obtained. The earlier the two varieties had been sown, the shorter period from planting to first blooming and maturing, the more peduncles, the more pods per peduncle and plant, the heavier 100-grain weight, and the more grain yield we had. VITA #5 was earlier in maturity and higher in yielding performance than Jungweon local var., and both could not bloom in late sowing after Aug. 14. During the period of flowering and seed-setting, bad weather condition decreased the number of grains per pod. Limit sowing date of VITA #5 was Jun. 30 and that of Jungweon local var. was Jun. 15 in the middle part of Korea. Growing degree days (GDD) was available in cowpea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2022

The yield characteristics of corn for feed by sowing period and the crude protein, crude fat, and coarse flour contents of grain in the harvesting period were compared. The varieties are Kwangpyeongok(KPO), Dapyeongok(DPO) and Pyeonggangok(PGO), and cultivation was tested by the National Food Engineering Department and the Central Crop Department. It was sown at a planting distance of 70×25cm on April 15, June 14, and July 15, 2021, and the amount of fertilizer was applied through soil inspection. For the growth characteristics, plant height, biomass and grain weight were investigated after 50 days of sowing, and general components were analyzed by drying and pulverizing each seed. Compared to the results of sowing in April, which is the right time to sow corn, all three varieties sown on June 14 showed an increase in biomass. In the case of sowing on July 15, the fresh weight of KPO and DPO decreased, and the grain weight of KPO and PGO decreased by 10-20% compared to the sowing in April. There was no significant difference in the crude protein content of grain according to the sowing seasons in April and June, but decreased in the corn sown in July. The crude fat content was highest in KPO sown on June 14 and DPO sown on July 15. Combining the yield and general composition results, it is thought that the cultivation of corn for feed in Suwon in the central part can be sown by mid-June.