• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

현재 국내에서 시판되고 있는 어린 묘 중에서 가장 판매주수가 많은 것이 고추 묘로서 부가가치를 더욱 높이기 위하여는 발아와 균일성을 향상시켜야 할 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 발아와 균일성 향상에 효과가 있는 GA$_3$, 처리중의 광질처리와 발아온도에 따른 발아율의 변화를 추적하여 고추 공정묘 생산에 필요한 정보를 제공하고자 실시 하였다 대명고추 [(주)중앙종묘]와 왕고추 [(주)동부한농종묘]를 공시품종으로 파종 전처리로는 GA$_3$처리농도 (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mM), 처리기간 (0, 1, 2, 3일), 광질 (적색, 초적색, 청색, 암)과 발아과정에서는 온도 (15, $25^{\circ}C$ 항온, 25/15$^{\circ}C$ 변온)를 달리하여 치상 후 9일까지 백열등으로 조사하면서 발아시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 최종발아율은 GA$_3$ 처리농도간에는 전체적으로 차이가 없는 경향이었으나, T$_{50}$은 증류수에 침지하는 것보다 GA$_3$를 처리할 경우 단축되었다. 2. 발아온도 $25^{\circ}C$ 항온에서는 최종발아율은 GA$_3$ 처리유무간에 차이가 없었으며 초기발아율은 GA$_3$ 처리로 증가되었던 반면, 치상 후 5~7일에서는 암상태에서 가장 낮았다. 3. 공시품종 모두 발아율은 $25^{\circ}C$ 항온에서 가장 높고 15$^{\circ}C$ 항온에서는 현저히 억제되었던 반면 왕고추는 25/15$^{\circ}C$ 변온에서의 최종발아율은 $25^{\circ}C$ 항온과 거의 동일한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 광질은 발아온도 $25^{\circ}C$ 항온, 25/15$^{\circ}C$ 변온에서 처리간 차이가 없었으나, 15$^{\circ}C$ 항온에서는 GA$_3$침지중 가하여지는 적색광 또는 암처리에서 치상 후 5일 이후부터 발아율을 증가시켰다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.217-217
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• 2017

Seed priming leading to improved emergences, germination speed and uniformity under unfavorable conditions without loss of longevity are the best level of techniques. We studied the possibility to obtain primed seed with reduced mean germination time (MGT) and uniformity but with simple, fast and effective methods. The experiments were carried out at $15^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours with priming treatment. To compare the effects of each treatment, we used 200mM $CaCl_2$ priming or hydro priming or no imbibition after ultrasonication or red light treatment. The light treatment was performed by irradiating 2000 lux of red light for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Addition, in order to investigate the effect of the priming solution, treated at 200mM $CaCl_2$ for 8 hours. Ultrasonication treatment was performed for 5, 10, and 20 minutes at exposures of 13.0, 17.3, and 21.6 kHz during priming. For liquid smoke (LS) treatment, seed soaked in 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 5.0% and 10.0% of diluted water and 200mM $CaCl_2$ solution. After each treatment, the seeds were dried to moisture content ranged 5-8% at $25^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The effect of seed treatment was evaluated with germination percentage (GP), MGT, germination index(GI), germination rate(GR), Germination Uniformity(GU) and heath seed percentage(HS). For several factors tested, we found that the desired germination improvement could be obtained by treating the seed with ultrasonication at 17.3 kHz for 5 minutes in water or red light exposure at 2000 lux for 120 min in water that resulted very similar to those used to 200mM $CaCl_2$ priming for 16 hrs. However, LS treatment showed no improvement in all diluted solution. Therefore, the methods applied ultrasonication and red light treatment showed high potential for fast and easy treatment avoiding pollution of salt solution waste.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.694-699
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• 2002

본 연구는 파종전 종자처리에 의해 박 종자의 발아율을 최대한 향상시킬 수 있는 방법을 강구하고자 종피연화, 세척, 저온 및 건조 중 적색광 처리가 발아에 미치는 영향을 조사하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 종피연화는 염기성인 KOH 또는 NaOH로 처리하는 것보다 산성인 acetone과 acetonitrile 10% 용액에 1시간 처리하였을 때 발아율이 증가되고 발아가 촉진되는 것으로 나타났다. 2) Acetone으로 종피연화 시킨 종자는 이후에 행하여지는 저온처리의 영향을 적게 받는 반면, KOH로 종피연화 시킨 종자는 저온처리가 행해지지 않을 경우 발아가 현저히 억제되었다. 3) 종피연화 후 흐르는 수돗물로 1시간 세척시킨 종자의 발아율은 세척하지 않은 것보다 높았다. 4) 종피연화, 세척 및 저온처리를 경과가 이루어진 종자는 건조과정에서 암처리보다는 적색광을 처리하였을 경우 발아율이 높았다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2007

Seed storage proteins (SSPs) are important for seed germination and early seedling growth. We studied the accumulation and degradation profiles of four major Arabidopsis 12S SSPs using a 2-DE scheme combined with mass spectrometric methods. On the 2-DE map of 23 dpa (days post anthesis) siliques, 48 protein spots were identified as putative full-length or partial $\alpha$, $\delta$ subunits. Only 9 of them were found in 12 dpa siliques with none in younger than 8 dpa siliques, indicating that the accumulation of 12S SSPs started after the completion of cell elongation processes both in siliques and in developing seeds. The length and strength of transcription activity for each gene determined the final contents of respective SSP. At the beginning of imbibition, 68 SSP spots were identified while only 2 spots were found at the end of the 4 d germination period, with $\alpha$, subunits degraded more rapidly than the $\alpha$ subunits. The CRC $\delta$ subunit was found to degrade from its C-terminus with conserved sequence motifs. Our data provide an important basis for understanding the nutritional value of developing plant seeds and may serve as a useful platform for other species.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2002

Antibodies raised against the purified p-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin were used in immunohistochemical studies to monitor the pattern of $\beta$-conglycinin mobilization in the cotyledons during soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed germination. Western blot analysis revealed that the break down of the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin commenced as early as 2 days after seed imbibition (DAI). Concurrent with the degradation of the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin, accumulation of 48, 28, and 26 kD proteolytic intermediates was observed from 2 to 6 DAI. Western blot analysis also revealed that the acidic subunit of glycinin was mobilized earlier than the basic subunit. The basic glycinin subunit was subjected to proteolysis within 2 DAI resulting in the appearance of an intermediate product approximately 2 kD smaller than the native basic glycinin subunit. In contrast to the major seed storage proteins, lipoxygenase was subjected to limited proteolysis and was detected even after 8 DAI. The first sign of $\beta$-conglycinin breakdown was observed near the vascular strands and proceeded from the vascular strands towards the epidermis. Protein A-gold localization studies using thin sections of soybean cotyledons and antibodies raised against the $\beta$-subunit of $\beta$-conglycinin revealed intense labeling over protein bodies. A pronounced decrease in the protein A-gold labeling intensity over protein bodies was observed at later stages of seed germination. The protein bodies, which were converted into a large central vacuole by 8 DAI, contained very little 7S protein as evidenced by sparse protein A-gold labeling in the vacuoles.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.747-749
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• 1999

박종자의 발아율 향상과 발아촉진을 위한 종자처리시 hydropriming과 priming 처리와 종자의 발아성을 비교 검토하고, 종자처리 기술의 실용화를 위해 처리 화학물질 및 농도, 처리기간 및 처리온도, 발아온도에 따른 효과를 비교 검토하였다. 증류수(hydropriming)나 50mM $KH_2PO_4$와 50mM $KNO_3$로 $20^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 처리시 $T_{50}$ 및 평균발아소요일수 단축에 효과적 이었다. 무처리종자에 비하여 hydropriming이나 priming에 의한 발아촉진 효과는 발아온도 $25^{\circ}C$나 $35^{\circ}C$보다 $20^{\circ}C$에서 현저하게 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to study whether priming with deep sea water results in enhancement of seed germination and to identify the optimum concentration of the priming solution, and duration of priming using sweet pepper (Cv. California wonder), rice (Cv. Ilpum) and ginseng seed. Sweet pepper and rice seeds were primed with 5 various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%) for deep sea water for 48 hours, 24 hours and 12 hours at $25^{\circ}C$ and ginseng seeds in 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%, and 2,4,6, and 8 electrical conductivity (EC) which were made by desalinating deep sea water. Priming in deep sea water (DSW) improved the early and final germination percentage, mean germinal on rate, emergence percentage and root and shoot length, compared with plain water, $KNO_3$ and without priming treatments. In sweet pepper, 24 hours priming with 5 percentage DSW significantly improved the early germination percentage and radical length. It has also improved the mean germination and emergence days and early emergence percentage, compared with $KNO_3$ and control. Whereas, in rice, 48 hours priming with 10 percent DSW significantly improved the early germination percentage, plumule emergence percentage, root length and shoot height. Hence the best seed priming treatment on sweet pepper and Rice are 24 hours with 5 percentage DSW and 48 hours with 10 percentage DSW, respectively, whereas in ginseng, priming with EC4, EC8 and 25% DSW had shown better germination.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.16-20
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• 1981

To cultivate Dystaenia takesimana as a fodder crop, Its problems and solutions are summarized follows : 1. There are a wax layer and wings on the out side of seed coat of D. takesimana seeds, which seems to inhibit imbibition and cause delayed germination. 2. The root and shoot growth of D. takesimana are very poor in the early stage and weed control is quite troublesome. 3 The growth of D. takesimana is very poor the soil of low fertility and much depressed in summer. 4 . The percent germination could be increased by removing wings, soaking, high temperature treatment or by chemical scarification. 5. Compost is most effective for the growth of D. takesimana and lime dressing is desired in the soil of low pH. 6 . The seedling growth could be improved selecting and breeding the strains with better germination and root growth, at the germination and growth characteristics of D. takesimana are variable.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2009

Seed germination is the important stage to express many genes for regulation of energy metabolism, starch degradation and cell division from seed dormancy state. For the functional analysis of seed germination mechanisms, we were analyzed the rice cDNA clones (Oryzasativa cultivar Ilpum) obtained from seed imbibition during 48 hours. Total number of 18,101 Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) were clustered using SeqMan program. Among them, 8,836 clones were identified as unique clones. We identified the chitinase gene specifically expressed in seed germination and amylase gene involved to starch degradation from the full length cDNA analysis, and several genes were registered to NCBI GeneBank. To analyzed the commonly expressed genes between inmature seed and germinated seed, 25,66 inmature ESTs and 18,101 germinated ESTs were clustered using SeqMan program and identified 2,514 clones as commonly expressed unigene. Among them, alpha-glubulin and alcohol dehydrogenase I were supposed to LEA genes only expressed in the immature and germinated seed stages. For the clustering of orthologous group genes, we further analyzed the 8,836 EST clones from germinating seeds using NCBI clusters of orthologous groups database. Among the clones, 5,076 clones were categorized into information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, metabolism and poorly characterized genes, proportioning 783 (14.29%), 1,484 (27%), 1,363 (24.8%) and 1,869 (34%) clones to the previous four categories, respectively.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.216-216
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• 2017

Primed seeds germinate faster and uniformly, since these have already started imbibition and metabolism requiring to complete germination. Several factors such as solution composition, osmotic potential, and treatment duration affect seed priming response. Water potentials of priming solution and germination response of primed seed were investigated to clarify the effects different inorganic salt types and the duration. Pepper seeds were primed in osmotic solutions that were osmotic potential ranged -1.54 to -0.45 MPa in an aerated solution of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG; 17%, 22%, 27%), and inorganic salt solution of $KNO_3$, $K_2SO_4$, and $Na_2SO_4$ (100, 200, 300mM) in aerated condition. The seeds were treated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4, 6 day (D) and stepwise duration combined concentration of 100mM (2 or 4 days) and 300mM(2 or 4days). After soaking treatment, seeds were washed with distilled water and then were dried to approximately 6% moisture content in dry chamber at $25^{\circ}C$. The germination of seed was characterized by ISAT rules at $20^{\circ}C/30^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. Total germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination uniformity (GU), germination rate (GR), and health seedling percent (HS) were calculated on the germinated seed in a 14-day period. Seed water potential (${\psi}$) was correlated with water potential of priming solution ($r^2=0.84$). The effect of seed priming on germination varies with inorganic salt and organic agents (PEG). Germination percentage (GP, 77 and 73%), GR (21.3 and $19.4 %{\cdot}day^{-1}$), and HS (58 and 52 %) was greatest and lowest MGT (4.2 and 4.8 day) when they were primed in 100mM $K_2SO_4$ (${\psi}=-0.45MPa$), and 100mM $KNO_3$ (${\psi}=-0.52MPa$) for 6 days compared to untreated control (67% GP, $19.7%{\cdot}day^{-1}\;GR$, 18% HS, and 10.8 day MGT) in $15^{\circ}C$ chamber. Water potential less then -1.2MPa of osmotic solution resulted lower GP, GR and HS and in $K_2SO_4$ and $KNO_3$. However, stepwise treatment of water potential that changed solution as 100mM for 4 D + 300mM for 2 D or 300mM for 4 D + 100mM for 2 D) were not better than single concentration alone in germination characteristics.