• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.846-858
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• 2008

This study was designed to propose a method to draft bodice block pattern from 3D body scan data. Subjects were ten elderly women in their 60's, who wear basic size(B: 94cm, W: 82cm) garment. Scanning was done using 3D whole body scanner(WB4, Cyberware). Measurements for 3D data and cross section were attained using Auto CAD, by which a upper bodice pattern for elderly women was drawn on the basis of short measured method. The results are as following: As for most items, no significant differences were shown between measurements from Martin's anthropometry and those from 3D scan data, suggesting measurement from 3D scan data could be used to draft a pattern. The drafting equations acquired were as follows; width of pattern=B/2+5.5, width of waist=W/2+3.5cm, dart amount=8cm. Dart distributions were 23%(B.P.) : 20%(front armpit) : 17%(side seam) : 18%(back armpit) : 15%(back protruded point) : 7% (center back line). Through wearing test using 5-point Likert scale, resultant pattern was evaluated as appropriate for elderly women's pattern to get over 4 point. As a result, it might be said that 3D scanning application is effective for elderly women in that it doesn't take time so much as Martin's anthropometry and that their body shape vary compared with those of young women.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2011

As a product of geological mapping of the Changamjeom Sheet (1:50,000) located around Misiryeong at a distance towards the west from Sokcho city, a small laccolith of hypabyssal rocks has been geometrically reconstructed to understand the original laccolith shape using structural contour lines of random spot sediments laid on the quartz feldspar porphyry and a schematic cross section. The laccolith age is constrained to ca. $84.4{\pm}1.8$ Ma (SHRIMP). The originated Baekdam sedimentary basin with the lost size has been yielded to 6 km wide and 16 km long.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 1998

The behavior of the underground opening depends mainly on the magnitude of the initial stress existing before excavation and on the stress redistribution due to the excavation. In the case of elasto-plastic materials such as rock mass, as the structural behavior of surrounded opening due to excavation depends on the stress path, methods and sequence of excavation have influences on the results of numerical analysis. Therefore, in order to design underground openings with large cross-section such as underground nuclear power plants, radioactive waste disposal cavems, oil storage caverns, and so on more reasonably it is desirable to consider the effect of the excavation sequence in the analysis. In this paper, the underground structure is analyzed using the finite element method and the distinct element methods with a view to review the the effect of the excavation sequence. Based on the results of the analysis the followings are discussed : influence of excavation shape and sequence, effect of structural reinforcements, influence of multi caverns.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 1985

The ultrastructure on the dorsal vessel of 5-day-old cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae L., was carried out using the transmission and scanning electron microscope. The results are as follows. 1) The aorta. The aorta is simple tubular type and consists of the inner and outer membrane of the myocardium and thick myocardium is located between them. However the inner membrane with $0.26{\mu}m$ thickness and outer membrane with $0.08{\mu}m$ are composed of fibrous materials, the former is composed of low and high densed fibrous materials and the latter appears homogeneous layer. The myocardium consists of typical striated muscles. The sarcomere with $1.6{\mu}m$ length and in cross section, each thick filaments are surrounded by $7{\sim}8$ thin filaments. The intercalated disc is joining the end of the two muscle cells, desmosomes and septate junctions are appeared between the neighboring muscle cells. 2) The heart. The heart composing of myocardium enclosed by its inner and outer membrane as the aorta has a series of well formed segmental chamber. The arrangement of myofilaments, cell adhensions and membrane elements are observed as same as at the aorta. The inner membrane of the heart is deeply invaginated into the myocardium than the outer membrane and a lot of well developed mitochondria with rod shape are aggregated in the folds. The longitudinally and transversely oriented tubule system formed by invagnation of the sarcolemma into the muscle bundle is built up dyad with the sarcoplasmic reticulum as the aorta. The slit is formed by deeply invagination of the inner membrane of myocadium toward the muscle layer and then the inner and outer membrane of myocardium are fused. Therefore, the ostium is formed between the myocardium and situated at the lateral side of the myocardium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2010

There are two methods to survey the natural cave. One is plane table surveying and the other is recording chart surveying. The drawing maps drawn by these methods are 2D. Furthermore, it is difficult to figure out the accurate dimension about full sections and whole interior products because of use of plane table and recording chart. Accordingly, in this study, the 3D spatial information about Dangcheomuldonggul was constructed by the Terrestrial LiDAR and high resolution digital camera where is belong to Jeju Volcanic Island and Lava Tubes as the first World Natural Heritage of the Republic of Korea. Also, the utilization possibility of 3D spatial information was suggested to the basic data of deformation and change detection through structure analysis, section analysis, shape analysis, and interior products analysis.

• 한국금형공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.23-26
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• 2008

In order to examine the deformation characteristics of Al circular pipe underthe biaxial compression, the horizontal biaxial compression die for the experiment was manufactured. From this, in the various compressive strain rate (1 mm/min. ${\sim}$ 400 mm/min.)conditions, the circular pipes, which were made by Al materials, were investigated based on the properties change of cross section area, punch load and deformation behavior. The tensile and compressive strains were evaluated from micro Vickers hardness tester. From these results, the punch load and deformation characteristic of Al circular pipes were highly changed in the compressive strain rate about 200 mm/min. The Al circular pipes had the tendency that the punch load decreased with increasing the compressive strain rate. In addition, following as the change of the shape and position of neutral axis due to the deformation proceeding of the circular pipe, the special point of the internal circular pipe at maximum load showed the maximum deformation strain and the maximum measured hardness value. The CAE (computer aided engineering) simulation using Deform-2D program was performed on the circular pipe in order to know and verify the exact compressive deformation behavior. From these results, the experimentally measured results were reasonably in good agreement with the simulation results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2006

In the past few years, considerable efforts have been directed towards the further development of Urea-SCR(selective catalytic reduction) technique for diesel-driven vehicle. Although urea possesses considerable advantages over Ammonia$(NH_3)$ in terms of toxicity and handling, its necessary decomposition into Ammonia and carbon dioxide complicates the DeNOx process. Moreover, a mobile SCR system has only a short distance between engine exhaust and the catalyst entrance. Hence, this leads to not enough residence times of urea, and therefore evaporation and thermolysis cannot be completed at the catalyst entrance. This may cause high secondary emissions of Ammonia and isocyanic acid from the reducing agent and also leads to the fact that a considerable section of the catalyst may be misused for the purely thermal steps of water evaporation and thermolysis of urea. Hence the key factor to implementation of SCR technology on automobile is fast thermolysis, good mixing of Ammonia and gas, and reducing Ammonia slip. In this context, this study performs three-dimensional numerical simulation of urea injection of heavy-duty diesel engine under various injection pressure, injector locations and number of injector hole. This study employs Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to consider break-up, evaporation and heat and mass-transfer between droplet and exhaust gas with considering thermolysis and the turbulence dispersion effect of droplet. The SCR-monolith brick has been treated as porous medium. The effect of location and number of hole of urea injector on the uniformity of Ammonia concentration distribution and the amount of water at the entrance of SCR-monolith has been examined in detail under various injection pressures. The present results show useful guidelines for the optimum design of urea injector for reducing Ammonia slip and improving DeNOx performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.428-436
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the use of sugar alcohols (sorbitol, erythritol, and xylitol) as alternative sweeteners for replacing sucrose in Yukwa (traditional Korean oil-puffed rice snack). The moisture contents of Bandegi (dried Yukwa dough) and Yukwa containing sugar alcohols were higher than that of control (containing only sucrose). The microstructures of control and Bandegi containing sugar alcohols showed uniformly and finely distributed air holes. Expansion ratio and oil absorption of Yukwa containing sorbitol and 30% erythritol were higher than those of control. Appearance and cross section of control and Yukwa containing sorbitol, 30% erythritol, and 30% xylitol showed a good shape. The lightness (L) of control was significantly lower than Yukwa containing sugar alcohols, whereas redness (a) and yellowness (b) were higher than those in Yukwa containing sugar alcohols. Hardness of Yukwa containing sugar alcohols was significantly lower than that of control, and that of Yukwa containing sorbitol was the lowest. Peak number of Yukwa containing sugar alcohols was significantly lower than that of control, and that of Yukwa containing 60% erythritol and 60% xylitol was the lowest among all samples. In the sensory evaluation, color of control was deepest, whereas that of Yukwa containing 60% xylitol was lightest. Volume and air hole uniformity of Yukwa containing 60% erythritol and 60% xylitol were inferior than those of other samples. Sweetness of Yukwa containing sugar alcohols was lower than that of control, whereas oily flavor was stronger. Hardness of Yukwa containing sugar alcohols was lower than that of control, and Yukwa containing xylitol showed the lowest hardness among the samples. Crispness of Yukwa containing sugar alcohols was lower than that of control. There were no significant differences in overall acceptability between control and Yukwa containing 30% sorbitol and 30% erythritol. Overall, sorbitol and erythritol were appropriate as a 30% replacement for sucrose when preparing Yukwa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.171-180
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• 2010

In this study, applicability of software used to analyze the lateral deformations and its shape of braced cuts, executed to excavate the ground for constructing the underground structures, was assessed by performing field measurements and numerical analyses and their behaviors were also compared with results of previous studies. Three typical sections, located at the construction site where the subway was on the process of construction at Suwon city in Gyeonggido, were chosen and the data of field measurement at those sections were collected. Numerical analyses with FEM technique of using the software PLAXIS and elasto-plastic approach of using the software MIDAS were performed. In general, the deformed shapes of braced cut, obtained from numerical approaches, were in relatively good agreements with results from field measurements. For sections of A-A and B-B, measured values were greater than analyzed ones whereas they were in relatively good agreements in the section C-C. As results of comparing the values from the measurements and the estimations, they were found to be close to each other so that numerical approaches were assessed to be appropriate to estimate the lateral deformation. The numerical technique with FEM was preferred to use because it estimated closer to the measurements than the elasto-plastic approach.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.57-63
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• 2014

This study has been conducted to building a library intended for structures considered in the design of reclamation for design automation and developing browser for integrated management system. The library has been developed using a parametric modeling method capable of changing section shape, also classifying standard crossing and family library, has been developed according to the working environment. Classified library by the characteristics manages objects and working modeling on based BIM has been developed browser using the C# program for objects to use conveniently. By interworking between developed Browser and 3D Autocad based BIM, it is possible to use easily at design drafting, calculating quantities, developing a new library, and managing a library. The browser using effectively exclusive library to reclamation is developed in this study.