• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand verbal violence and stress experienced by nurses, to identify measures to reduce such stress, and to present basic information needed for performing their professional roles. The results of this study are as follows. First the types of verbal violence by doctors, nurses, patients and their caregivers included "they speak roughly" and "they speak in a commanding tone" when they were marked on the basis of 5 points. In other words, speaking roughly is highest in frequency. Second, the main harmers of verbal violence were doctors, nurses, and patients and their caregivers, and thus verbal violence by nurses was most frequent. Third, the emotional reactions of the nurses after verbal violence were "angry", "frustrated", and "depressed" in order. As a result of analysis of effects on the emotional reactions of nurses. Fourth, the job stress of the nurses after experience of verbal violence was show as "frequently struggling with friends", "frequently struggling with family members", and "frequently drinking" in order. Fifth, based on general characteristics, the emotional reactions and job stress of nurses after verbal violence were significant on age, acdemic years, and current workplace, and the job stress of nurses after verbal violence was significant on marriage, clinical career, department of working, and types of working. This study may be significant in that it suggests methods of intervention, safe job environment, and administrative institution to relieve the emotional reactions of nurses after verbal violence, to reduce their stress, and to support the emotional reactions of nurses experienced verbal violence.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.623-633
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• 2018

A robust element is essential for successful design of steel frames with Direct analysis (DA) method. To this end, an innovative and efficient curved-quartic-function (CQF) beam-column element using the fourth-order polynomial shape function with end-springs in series is proposed for practical applications of DA. The member initial imperfection is explicitly integrated into the element formulation, and, therefore, the P-${\delta}$ effect can be directly captured in the analysis. The series of zero-length springs are placed at the element ends to model the effects of semi-rigid joints and material yielding. One-element-per-member model is adopted for design bringing considerable savings in computer expense. The incremental secant stiffness method allowing for large deflections is used to describe the kinematic motion. Finally, several problems are studied in this paper for examining and validating the accuracy of the present formulations. The proposed element is believed to make DA simpler to use than existing elements, which is essential for its successful and widespread adoption by engineers.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.121-133
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• 2022

An analytical approach for the free vibration behavior of a sandwich cylindrical shell with a functionally graded (FG) core is presented. It is considered that the FG distribution is in the direction of thickness. The material properties are temperature-dependent. The sandwich cylindrical shell with a FG core is considered with two cases. In the first model, i.e., Ceramic-FGM-Metal (CFM), the interior layer of the cylindrical shell is rich metal while the exterior layer is rich ceramic and the FG material is located between two layers and for the second model i.e., Metal-FGM-Ceramic (MFC), the material distribution is in reverse order. This study develops Carrera's Unified Formulation (CUF) to analyze sandwich cylindrical shell with an FG core for the first time. Considering the Principle of Virtual Displacements (PVDs) according to the CUF, the dependent boundary conditions and governing equations are obtained. The coupled governing equations are derived using Galerkin's method. In order to validate the present results, comparisons are made with the available solutions in the previous researches. The effects of different geometrical and material parameters on the free vibration behavior of a sandwich cylindrical shell with an FG core are examined.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2023

This review serves two purposes: first, to promote the use of improved optimization techniques in response surface methodology (RSM); and second, to enhance the optimum conditions for the fermentation of probiotics. According to research in dairy science, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K79 is a candidate probiotic that has beneficial health effects, such as lowering blood pressure. The optimum conditions for L. plantarumK79 to produce peptides with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity were proposed, through modeling each of ACE inhibitory activity and pH as a function of the four factors that are skim milk concentration (%), incubation temperature (℃), incubation time (hours), and starter added amount (%). To estimate optimum conditions, the researchers employed a desirability-based multi-response optimization approach, utilizing third-order models with a nonsignificant lack of fit. The estimated optimum fermentation conditions for L. plantarum K79 were as follows: a skim milk concentration of 10.76%, an incubation temperature of 36.9℃, an incubation time of 23.76 hours, and a starter added amount of 0.098%. Under these conditions, the predicted ACE inhibitory activity was 91.047%, and the predicted pH was 4.6. These predicted values achieved the objectives of the multi-response optimization in this study.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-72
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• 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the users' stress and using reluctant intention to use social network service(SNS). This study especially focused on stress of SNSs' user. Because SNS has led to negative effects such as invasion of privacy, addiction and social overload recently. In addition, adverse effects of SNS had caused SNSs' user to feel stress and fatigue. Design/methodology/approach This study developed hypotheses to empirically examine the factors that affect SNS users' stress and using reluctant intention. In order to verify research hypotheses, this study collected data from 362 users who currently use the SNS in Korea. Further, we used the smartPLS analysis. Findings The results of this study are as follows; First, reputation perception, unwanted relation burden, privacy concern, information overload and interaction overload had a significant positive effect on SNS users' stress. But international influence had no significant positive effect on SNS users' stress. Second, SNS users' stress had a significant positive effect on using reluctant intention. The results of this study provides theoretical foundations on the research for dark side of SNS and implies that SNS providers are in need of exerting an effort to minimize the negative aspects.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of differential coinsurance policy on prescription drug coverage of outpatients by types of medical institutions. Methods: In this study, we used a sample cohort database of the National Health Insurance Service and frequency analysis and marginal logistic regression model using generalized estimating equation were used for statistical analysis. Results: The summary on the major research is followed. First, about 16% of patients who used only tertiary or general hospital due to 52 ambulatory care sensitive conditions before policy implementation moved to hospitals and clinics. However, about 57% of them still use tertiary or general hospital. Second, the factors influencing the utilization of hospitals and clinics after the implementation of the policy were gender, age, and income level. As a result, the policy is effective to reduce the medical use of outpatient mental patients in tertiary or general hospital, but the effect is not significant. Conclusion: Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of the policy for establishing the health care delivery system, it is necessary to adjust the co-payment so as to feel the burden on the co-payment when the outpatient for 52 ambulatory care sensitive conditions is used at the tertiary or general hospital.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.77-88
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to find out protective factors on adolescent's social withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to test the mediator effects of adolescent's ego-resilience in the relation between affectionate parenting attitudes and adolescent's social withdrawal. The data were collected from 586 students of high schools located in 'D' city, Korea. Adolescents completed questionnaires on 'My Memories of Upbringing(EMBU-short)', ego-resilience, and 'Korean Youth Self Report(K-YSR)' scales. The correlation and structural equation model were conducted to examine the relations between the variables by using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results are as follow: First, while the affectionate parenting attitudes did not directly affect the adolescent's social withdrawal, the ego-resilience had a direct effect on the adolescent's social withdrawal. Second, there was a significant mediator effect of the adolescent's ego-resilience between the affectionate parenting attitude and adolescent's social withdrawal. In conclusion, these results can be used as basic data to prevent social withdrawal of adolescents and increase their ego-resilience.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.97-113
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine adolescent consumers' donation intention. To attain the goal, a survey was conducted to middle and high school students and undergraduates at the age of 25 or younger residing in Seoul and the capital area from June 1st to the 25th in 2015. A total of 450 questionnaire sheets were used for final analysis. This study investigated adolescent consumers' donation attitude and donation intention levels and also the effects of related variables on their donation intention with the mediation of their donation attitude. The implications of this study for consumer education and policy will be meaningfully used to increase their donation behavior afterwards. According to the major findings of this study, first, adolescent consumers' donation attitude was relatively positive, and their donation intention was relatively lower than their donation attitude. Second, comparing the total causal effects of variables on donation intention, interest in donation was found to the biggest, and the next were subjective norms, mother's participation in the donation experience (yes), personal citizenship, donation attitude, male students, the subjective level of financial status, face-saving behavior, and undergraduates in order.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2015

This study is to find out that the effects of a creative experience activity program to scientific concepts and self-directed learning skills. This study has been aimed at 2 class 40 students of 4th grade in D metropolitan city A elementary school in 2015, one class 20 students are the research group to apply Scientific research program using creative experience activity, another class 20 students were comparison groups to apply general science classes. The related class section of this study is 4th grade 2 semester of science 4 chapters, 'The Earth and the moon' This section is in fourth grade elementary science curriculum revision in 2009 is a Sections to learn for the first time about astronomical area. Target research group in club activities as part of the creative activities implemented using scientific inquiry and analyzed the results. In addition, in order to better research based on the results of this study as follows. First, the science curriculum in elementary schools, as well as applied research about the creative experience activity classes in other subjects is required. The ongoing research is needed to classes utilizing the characteristics of creative experience activities in several subjects of the elementary school curriculum. Second, Creative experiential learning is only effective when it is done consistently, it is worth studying for long periods of time.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loaded vertical jumps on the following vertical jumps and to find how long the transient effect of warm-ups would continue. Methods : Twelve healthy college male students, majoring in physical education, participated in this study voluntarily. They performed three sets of unloaded jumps (pre-jump, 5% post jump, and 10% post jump) and two sets of loaded jumps (5% and 10% loaded jumps) according to the counter-balanced order. At each set, three trials of maximal vertical jumps were performed by a 30 second interval between trials and a 3 minute break after warm-up jumps. Force platform and motion capturing system were used to record motions and ground reaction force. Results : Only 5% post-warm-up jumps ($48.29{\pm}2.06cm$) showed significant increase in the jump height compared with pre-warm-up jumps ($47.35{\pm}2.21cm$). The transient effects of loaded warm-ups disappeared 4 minutes after loaded jumps. Conclusion : Conclusively, a decent amount of loading (around 5% extra of body weight) during sport specific warm-ups would give a positive, transient effect on the performance of the vertical jump.