Journal of Families and Better Life (가정과삶의질연구)

Korean Home Management Association (가정과삶의질학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Affectionate Parenting Attitudes Perceived by Adolescents on Social Withdrawal : The Mediator Effect of Ego-resilience

청소년이 지각한 부모의 애정적 양육태도가 사회적 위축에 미치는 영향 : 자아탄력성의 매개효과

  • Kim, Hye-Seon (Department of Family and Housing Studies, Yeungnam University) ;
  • Lee, Jimin (Department of Family and Housing Studies, Yeungnam University)
  • Received : 2016.05.15
  • Accepted : 2016.08.25
  • Published : 2016.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to find out protective factors on adolescent's social withdrawal. The purpose of this study was to test the mediator effects of adolescent's ego-resilience in the relation between affectionate parenting attitudes and adolescent's social withdrawal. The data were collected from 586 students of high schools located in 'D' city, Korea. Adolescents completed questionnaires on 'My Memories of Upbringing(EMBU-short)', ego-resilience, and 'Korean Youth Self Report(K-YSR)' scales. The correlation and structural equation model were conducted to examine the relations between the variables by using the SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The results are as follow: First, while the affectionate parenting attitudes did not directly affect the adolescent's social withdrawal, the ego-resilience had a direct effect on the adolescent's social withdrawal. Second, there was a significant mediator effect of the adolescent's ego-resilience between the affectionate parenting attitude and adolescent's social withdrawal. In conclusion, these results can be used as basic data to prevent social withdrawal of adolescents and increase their ego-resilience.

Keywords

References

  1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the youth self-report and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
  2. Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1978). The classification of child psychopathology: A review and analysis of empirical efforts. Psychological Bulletin, 85(6), 1275-1301. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.85.6.1275
  3. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
  4. Arrindell, W. A., Sanavio, E., Aguilar, G., & Ende, J. (1999). The development of a short form of the EMBU: Its appraisal with students in Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, and Italy. Personality and Individual Differences, 27(4), 613-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00192-5
  5. Baek, H. J., Hwang, H. J. (2006). The effects of parents-related variables and self-related variables on children's emotional and behavioral problems. The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19(3), 1-27.
  6. Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1, pt.2), 1-103.
  7. Bayram Ozdemir, S., Cheah, C. S., & Coplan, R. J. (2015). Conceptualization and assessment of multiple forms of social withdrawal in Turkey. Social Development, 24(1), 142-165. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12088
  8. Becker, W. C. (1964). Consequences of different kind of parental discipline. In M. L. Hoffman, and L. W. Hoffman (Eds.), Review of child development research, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
  9. Boivin, M., Hymel, S., & Bukowski, W. M. (1995). The roles of social withdrawal, peer rejection, and victimization by peers in predicting loneliness and depressed mood in childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 7(4), 765-785. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006830
  10. Boulton, M. J., & Smith, P. K. (1994). Bully/victim problems in middle-school children: Stability, self-perceived competence, peer perceptions and peer acceptance. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12(3), 315-329. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835X.1994.tb00637.x
  11. Bowker, J. C., & Raja, R. (2011). Social withdrawal subtypes during early adolescence in India. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39(2), 201-212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-010-9461-7
  12. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods & Research, 21(2), 230-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192021002005
  13. Cho, G. Y., & Lee, E. H. (2007). Early adolescent's ego-resiliency: Mediational links between parenting behaviors, family strength, and behavior problems. Studies on Korean Youth, 18(1), 79-106.
  14. Cho, Y. J., Ju, H. W., & Hyun, M. H. (2015). The mediating effect of social withdrawal on the relationship between negative parenting attitudes and victimization in adolescents. Studies on Korean Youth, 26(2), 59-81. https://doi.org/10.14816/sky.2015.26.2.59
  15. Chung, K. M., Shin, M. J., Kang, J. H., & Kim, E. S. (2013). Identification of developmental trajectories of social withdrawal in male adolescents: A two-year longitudinal study using growth modeling. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(1), 177-197. https://doi.org/10.15842/kjcp.2013.32.1.010
  16. Coplan, R. J., & Rubin, K. H. (2004). Paying attention to and not neglecting social withdrawal and social isolation. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 50(4), 506-534. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2004.0036
  17. Coplan, R. J., Rose-Krasnor, L., Weeks, M., Kingsbury, A., Kingsbury, M., & Bullock, A. (2013). Alone is a crowd: Social motivations, social withdrawal, and socioemotional functioning in later childhood. Developmental Psychology, 49(5), 861-875. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028861
  18. Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. MA: Addison-Wesley.
  19. Gazelle, H., & Ladd, G. W. (2003). Anxious solitude and peer exclusion: A diathesis-stress model of internalizing trajectories in childhood. Child Development, 74(1), 257-278. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00534
  20. Greenberg, L. S. (2004). Emotion-focused therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 11(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.388
  21. Han, H. A., & Doh, H. S. (2008). The effects of family risk factors, ego-resilience and quality of peer relationships on adolescent problem behaviors. Korean Journal of Child Studies, 29(1), 87-101.
  22. Harris, J. R. (1995). Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development. Psychological Review, 102(3), 458-489. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.3.458
  23. Heinze, U., & Thomas, P. (2014). Self and salvation: Visions of hikikomori in Japanese manga. Journal of the German Institute for Japanese Studies Tokyo, 26(1), 151-169.
  24. Hinshaw, S. P. (1992). Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 111(1), 127-155. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.111.1.127
  25. Hong, E. S. (2006). Conceptual understanding of resilience and instructional suggestion. Korean Journal of Special eduction, 41(2), 45-67.
  26. Jang, D. H. (2001). Intervention of social work services on children exposed to family violence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
  27. Jang, J. A., & Shin, H. C. (2006). The influence of marital conflict on adolescent's maladaptation: Mediating effects of ego-resiliency, parent's child-rearing attitudes and social support. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 18(3), 569-592.
  28. Jo, H. I. (2011). The effect of elementary school students' perceived parenting attitude and internet use motives on internet addiction: Self-control as a mediator. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 13(4), 269-287.
  29. Jwa, H. S. (2014). Effect of middle school students' perceived child abuse and aggression on harmful media overuse: Mediating effect of aggression. Journal of School Social Work, 29, 511-533.
  30. Kim, M. H. & Kim, S. H. (2010). Development of an ego-resilience scale for middle school students. Korea Journal of Counseling, 11(1), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.15703/kjc.11.1.201003.189
  31. Kim, M. J. (2005). The effect of parental conflict and children's ego-resiliency on the children's internalizing - externalizing. Unpublished master's thesis. Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
  32. Ku, H. M., & Hwang, S. T. (2001). A validity study on ego resilience scale and ego control scale of California Child Q-set(CCQ). The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 345-358.
  33. Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. NY: McGraw-Hill
  34. Lee, B. J., Min, W. H., & Kim, J. E. (2014). A study for developmental trajectories of social withdrawal in adolescence: An exploratory approach based on developmental-contextualism perspective. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(8), 317-346.
  35. Lee, H. S., & Lim, J. H. (2013). Structural equation modeling with AMOS 20.0. Seoul: Jyphyunjae
  36. Lee, S. G. (2008). Moderated mediation effect of parenting behaviors on the relation between deviant peer's influences and delinquency in adolescence. Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare, 27, 121-151.
  37. Lee, S. H. (2008). A Study on the validity of protective factors in juvenile delinquency. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 15(1), 223-246.
  38. Lee, W. J., & Jung, H. J. (2010). Childhood experiences of violence and mental health in young people. Journal of Korean Council for Children & Rights, 14(3), 385-407.
  39. Li, T. M., & Wong, P. W. (2015). Youth social withdrawal behavior (hikikomori): A systematic review of qualitative and quantitative studies. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(7), 595-609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867415581179
  40. Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
  41. Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227
  42. Nam, S. I., Nam, B. Y., & Jang, E. H. (2014). The effects of victimization of school violence on adolescents' suicidal ideation: Mediating effect of withdrawn behavior. Journal of Adolescent Welfare, 16(4), 57-80.
  43. Noh, M. H., Heo, M. J., & Choi, Y. S. (2015). The influence of parenting attitudes on adolescents' school adjustment: Mediating effects of ego resilience and care. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 33(2), 119-134.
  44. Oh, K. J., Lee, H. L., Ha, E. H., and Hong, K. H. (1997). K-CBCL child youth behavior checklist. Seoul: Ceteral Aptitude Publisher.
  45. Rohner, R. P., & Pettengill, S. M. (1985). Perceived parental acceptance-rejection and parental control among Korean adolescents. Child Development, 56(2), 524-528. https://doi.org/10.2307/1129739
  46. Rubin, K. H., & Kennedy, A. E. (2002). Social withdrawal in childhood. child psychopathology(2nd ed., pp.372-402). NY: Guilford.
  47. Rutter, M. (1979). Protective factors in children's responses to stress and disadvantage. In M. W. Kent, & J. E. Rolf(Eds.), Primary prevention of psychopathology: Social competence in children(49-74). Handover, NH: University New England.
  48. Schaefer, E. S. (1959). A circumplex model for maternal behavior. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59(2), 226. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041114
  49. Sohn, B. Y., Kim, S. J., Park, J. A., & Kim, Y. H. (2012). The effects of desirable parenting attitudes upon life satisfaction in early adolescence: The mediating effects of school adjustment and ego-resilience and multiple group analysis across gender. Studies on Korean Youth, 23(1), 149-173.
  50. Sohn, S. H., Noh, K. S., Huh, M, Y., Jung, H. O., Lee, S. H., & Kim, S. J. (2001). A study of adolescent problem behaviors and parenting behaviors. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 40(4), 605-615.
  51. Statistics Korea & Ministry of Gender Equality & Family. (2016). 2016 Youth statistics
  52. Symonds, P. M. (1949). The dynamics of parent-child relationships. NY: Bureau of Publication. Teachers college. Columbia University.
  53. Wolpe, J. (1968). Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Conditional Reflex: A Pavlovian Journal of Research & Therapy, 3(4), 234-240.
  54. Yu, S. G., Hong, S. H., & Choe, B. Y. (2004). Mediating effects of ego-resilience, attachment, and existential spirituality between family risks and adaptation. The Korean Journal of Educational Psychology, 18(1), 393-408.
  55. Yun, M. S., & Lee, D. H. (2015). Social withdrawal subtypes and socio-emotional functioning of Korean adolescents. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 22(9), 301-326.