• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.59-70
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• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to suggest strategies for Korean enterprises advancing into the Vietnam bakery market by analyzing the effects of perceived values on brand preference and purchase intention among Korean and Vietnamese consumers. Research design, data, and methodology - The perceived value model designed includes functional (price, quality), emotional, and social values. The survey collected data from 500 consumers in Seoul (Korea) and HoChiMinh (Vietnam). The SPSS 18.0 package was used for analysis. Results - First, among Vietnamese consumers, perceived value had a positive (+) effect on global brand preference in the order of functional value of quality, social value, and the functional value of price. However, from an ethnocentric trend and brand image origin, emotional value had a negative effect on global brand preference. In contrast, among Korean consumers, perceived value had a positive (+) effect on global brand preference in the order of functional value of quality, the functional value of price, and the social value. However, emotional value had no effect on global brand preference. Second, for both Korean and Vietnamese consumers, perceived value had a significant positive effect on purchase intention. Third, unlike the Korean consumer, for the Vietnamese consumer, global brand preference had a significant effect on purchase intention. Conclusions - The study implies the following. First, the Vietnamese bakery market has a high proportion of middle-aged customers in their 40s (64%). In terms of monthly income, there was a large proportion (40%) of high-income earners (over $325). Therefore, bakery consumption can be seen as concentrated among middle-aged and high-income consumers. Based on this, bakery strategies should include efforts to increase purchase prices as well as ways to attract local consumers (large cities). Second, unlike Korean consumers, among Vietnamese consumers, the resistance to a global brand based on emotional value (the ethnocentric tendency and brand image origin) can be seen as relatively low. Thus, in the case of the Vietnam bakery market, to increase a global brand's preference, the company should develop a differentiated strategy so that Vietnamese consumers can recognize it better, focusing on product quality, good service quality, and price in the local environment and on social value for social development. Third, in the case of the Vietnamese customer, we found that social value exerts the greatest influence on purchase intention. Therefore, a brand that engenders an image of building the local Vietnamese community can achieve a higher social value and influence purchase intention. In addition, although Vietnamese consumers have ethnocentric tendencies in terms of products, we found that if it is a preferred global brand then there are intentions to purchase. Fourth, in the case of Vietnam, if the preference for global brands is formed, consumer awareness may be connected to purchase intention. Therefore, global brands operating in Vietnam should pay attention to how to improve consumer preferences for global brands in order to increase purchase intention.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of the study was, first, to look for the correlation among child care teacher's job burnout, their empowerment, and their flourishing. The second aim was to find out the relative effects of job burnout and empowerment on the flourishing of child care teachers. Methods: The participants were 296 child care teachers from Seoul, Gyeonggi and Jeon-nam districts among whom questionnaires were distributed. Correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used for the analysis with SPSS 21.0 program. Results: The results revealed that, first, while there was significant correlation in child care teacher's job burnout, their empowerment, and their flourishing. Child care teacher's job burnout showed a significant negative correlation with their empowerment and their flourishing, and child care teacher's empowerment had a significant positive correlation with their flourishing. Second, the relative influence on the flourish of child care teachers was in the order of empowerment and job burnout. In terms of sub-factors, the relative influence on the flourish of child care teachers was in the order of professionalism, autonomy, self-efficacy and job dissatisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it provided the basic data for improving the quality level of the child care. Conclusion/Implications: This study suggests that basic data for improving the quality of the child care. In order to improve the flourishing of child care teacher, it is necessary to find effective ways to eliminate the job burnout and increase the empowerment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Purpose - Economic status at an early stage of life after one's retirement is often determined by the long-term sacrifice of one's earlier consumption tendencies. In general, the first and foremost way to secure income after retirement is through annuity savings. People sign up for personal annuity savings in order to guarantee a stable economic life upon retirement, and such actions may be heavily influenced by self-efficacy. Confidence in current economic activity is a source of rational decision-making. Inability to achieve self-control can lead to reckless spending and the eventual hindering of proper investment for the future. This paper examines how self-efficacy and self-control affect the intention and action of enrolling in an annuity savings plan in relation to one's level of financial literacy. Research design, data, and methodology - To analyze the proposed model, this study investigates financial consumers over the age of 20. The data were collected from 511 respondents and analyzed with SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. First, for the one-dimensional test and to measure the convergent validity of each structure, we use the scale purification process. The results of the test and the confirmatory factor analysis ensure the focus of the validity of the single dimension for each structure. In addition, the validity of the measurement was guaranteed from the results of correlation analysis. Results - First, self-efficacy and self-control have positive effects on the purchasing intention of the personal annuity savings plan. Second, purchasing intention positively affects purchasing behavior. Lastly, self-control has a positive effect on purchasing intention among the low financial literacy group, whereas self-efficacy does not have this effect in the high financial literacy one. Conclusions - The time of product benefit is different with age. The younger group would be granted the savings after several decades once they enroll, whereas the older group would wait for a relatively shorter period of time. Therefore, further research should be conducted in order to verify such a difference. However, this study has value through its confirmation that the roles of self-efficacy and self-control play a part in leading to the enrollment in annuity savings plans and by verifying different effects based on levels of financial literacy. Such results suggest a number of implications in a real life setting. First, banks need to put greater emphasis on the stability of annuity savings in general. Second, customers with relatively low levels of financial literacy are able to control their finances through annuity savings, but find self-efficacy difficult due to a lack of financial understanding. Therefore, such customers should be approached from an invest-effectiveness comparison method. Third, customers with high financial literacy tend to put more value in rational economic decision-making and behavior than in self-efficacy. Therefore, such customers should be approached by promoting the reliability of annuity savings and the excellence of the specific bank's annuity savings plan in comparison to those of other financial institutions.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.447-458
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• 2015

This study is aimed for emprical analyzing (1) the effects of leadership of army commanders on subordinates' job satisfaction and (2) the moderating effects of subordinates' active engagement within the relationship between commanders' transformational transactional leadership and job satisfaction of soldiers, while over 500 combat soldiers throughout the nation are questioned for this analysis. The followings are the summary of findings of this study. The first finding shows that both transformational and transactional leadership have positive impacts on the job satisfaction of the soldiers. In this context, it is recommended that army commanders should apply effectively these behaviors of leadership in order to achieve their goals in military organizations. The second sector of the analysis includes the moderating effect of subordinates' active engagement within the relationship between the commanders' leadership and job satisfaction of the soldiers. The finding of the second analysis shows that subordinates' active engagement has positive moderating effect on the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction. However, it has no moderating effect on the relationship between transactional leadership and job satisfaction. This implies that army commanders should apply the behavioral factors of both leadership styles and encourage active engagement of soldiers in order to enhance the satisfaction of soldiers, focusing more on applying the behavioral factors of transformational leadership.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.41-55
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• 2014

This study made frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 for 225 culinary employees working for super deluxe hotels in Busan and Ulsan areas in order to analyze the effects of job embeddedness on job satisfaction, career commitment and turnover intention. Results are as follows: first, as a result of testing the effects of hotel culinary employee's job embeddedness on job satisfaction, it was found that fitness, sacrifice, and links have positive (+) effects on job satisfaction. Second, it was found that fitness and sacrifice of a hotel culinary employee's job embeddedness have positive (+) effects on career commitment. Third, this study showed that fitness and sacrifice have negative (-) effects on turnover intention. Fourth, it was found that job satisfaction has a negative (-) effect on turnover intention. Fifth, it was found that career commitment has a negative (-) effect on turnover intention. These findings indicate that the higher hotel culinary employee's job embeddedness is, the less their intention to change jobs becomes by increasing job satisfaction and career commitment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.377-390
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• 2018

This study examined the double mediating effects of work-family conflict and parenting guilt on the relationship between perfectionism and parenting behavior for working mothers. The survey was conducted on 340 working mothers with 3 to 5 year-old children, who lived in Daegu and Kyungpook Province, Korea. Data were collected through questionnaires on perfectionism, work-family conflict, parenting guilt, and parenting behavior. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and analysis of variance were conducted by using SPSS 22.0 and Model 6 in PROCESS macro, with bootstrapping method. Work-family conflict and parenting guilt were used as mediators. Children's birth order and household income were controlled throughout the analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, work-family conflict and parenting guilt had inconsistent double mediating effects on the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and positive parenting behavior. Second, work-family conflict and parenting guilt had complete double mediating effects on the relationship between adaptive perfectionism and negative parenting behavior. Third, work-family conflict and parenting guilt did not have double mediating effects on the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and positive parenting behavior. Finally, work-family conflict and parenting guilt had partial double mediating effects on the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and negative parenting behavior. The findings provide a better understanding of the relationship between perfectionism and parenting behavior. The results also have implications for providing education for and counseling working mothers with children.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationships among goal orientation, teaching presence, approaches to leaning, satisfaction and academic achievement. For this study, the web survey was administered to 235 learners who participated in distance lifelong education centers of A, B, and C university in South Korea. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was conducted in order to examine the causal relationships among the variables. The results indicated that first, mastery-approach goal and teaching presence had positive effects on deep approach. Second, mastery-approach goal showed negative effects on surface approach, while teaching presence did not. Third, deep approach had positive effects on satisfaction, Fourth, surface approach had negative effects on satisfaction. Fifth, deep approach showed positive effects. Last, surface approach showed negative effects on academic achievement. Based on the result of the research, the study propose the constructive foundation for providing strategies raising the satisfaction and academic achievement in distance life-long education.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.719-734
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of beauty care on negative mental health, including stress and depression. Nail care, massage care, and makeup were used as programs for beauty therapy. Qualitative research was conducted with six female participants over five-month period. After interviewing the subjects in advance, beauty care treatments were performed every week 4 weeks in the following order: nail care, massage, and makeup. The results are as follows, First, the participants perceived beauty care in the form of 4 concepts: "courtesy in social life," "investment in oneself," "self-satisfaction," and "self-care." Second, the effects of beauty therapy were categorized as "psychological effects," "confidence," "behavioral changes," "evaluation of others," and "positive social effects." Third, each subject showed different psychological effects during the process when the function of the therapy took effect through the beauty care treatment. It was confirmed that confidence levels increased as a result of treatment through the process of becoming re-aware of oneself. Positive statements from the participants included: "I want to go out," "I have become kind and positive to others," "I have become more active in a given task," and "It seems that my work ability is improving." Finally, t-test results for self-esteem, depression, and stress showed there were significant differences in self-esteem and depression. This confirmed that self-esteem increased, and depression decreased after the beauty care treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.75-94
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to divide the classroom behaviors into the obstacle behaviors in the classroom and the participation behaviors in the classroom for improvement of classroom behaviors upon the subjects of 4th graders of elementary school, and to find out what effects the self-monitoring program influences onto classroom obstacle behaviors and classroom participation behaviors of the subjective children. Study problems established in order to achieve this objective of study are to find out: first, what effects the self-monitoring program influences classroom obstacle behaviors of children, and second, what effects the self-monitoring program influences classroom participation behaviors of children. The subjects of this study are 12 children of a normal classroom of 4th grade of A elementary school located in J city of Jeollabuk-do, out of which 8 children, who showed high proportion in the classroom obstacle behaviors, and 8 children, who showed low proportion in the classroom participation behaviors were selected, and 4 children were those who belonged to both groups resultantly in accordance with the behavior scales measured during the baseline period. To summarize the results obtained through this study, first, the self-monitoring program turned out to influence positive effects upon reduction in the classroom obstacle behaviors of children and retention of their changed behaviors; second, the self-monitoring program turned out to influence positive effects upon increase in the classroom participation behaviors of children and retention of their changed behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-284
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• 2011

This thesis examined the effects of social demographical variables, multiple intelligences, and creative home environment on the child leadership. Study samples are 5 years old children at the kindergartens located in Seoul and metropolitan areas as well as their parents and (homeroom) teachers. 173 copies were analyzed. Results of this study are as follows: First, in terms of difference of multiple intelligences, creative home environment and child leadership depending on social demographical background, The second child showed significantly different interpersonal intelligence among other multiple intelligences from the first child with regard to the birth order. In terms of mother's education level and creative home environment, mothers with education more than universities showed big difference in family pressure. In terms of effects of total income, the children from families with total income over 4 million won showed significant difference in logical, mathematical, naturalist intelligence. and language intelligence. In terms of creative home environment, significant difference was found with regard to learning environment and child respect. Second, multiple intelligences, creative home environment, and child leadership showed correlated strongly. Third, total income in social demographic variables, language intelligence in multiple intelligences, and family pressure in creative home environment were found to have effects on it. Total income in social and demographical variables and family pressure in creative home environment were found to have effects on it. Interpersonal relation intelligence in multiple intelligences and learning environment in creative home environment were found to have effects on it. Total leadership had effects on family pressure only in creative home environment.