• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.411-419
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• 2020

This study was conducted to prove the effectiveness of home-linked indirect smoking prevention education in early childhood in improving the awareness, skills, attitudes and willingness to protect themselves from smoking. 208 5-year-old children were recruited from three kindergartens located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Children in the experimental group received home-linked indirect smoking prevention education. Children in the comparative group, received indirect smoking prevention education in kindergarten. Children in the control group received general health education. The results revealed that all groups showed significant differences between pretest and posttest in awareness of second-smoke, attitudes and willingness to stop smoking. However, the skills to protect oneself from second-smoke showed a significant difference in the experimental group and the comparative group. The values of changes among the groups showed high increases in the order of experimental, comparative, and control groups. This shows that home-linked education had considerable positive effects on indirect smoking prevention.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.763-771
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• 2010

The rapid increase of wildlife passage installation since the late 2000s was aimed to reduce roadkill caused by habitat fragmentation and losses related to road construction, but wildlife-vehicle collisions are now still occurred even near the wildlife passage area. This is the reason that the effectiveness of wildlife passage have not been evaluated in combination with absence of monitoring data and management strategy of the wildlife passage. The AHP method are used, in this study, to identify the evaluation factors affecting the effectiveness of the present 367 wildlife passages in a mitigation measures to reduce road effects on wildlife species. Ten evaluation factors are derived from third levels in the AHP analysis. Priority setting to identify appropriate management strategies in first level is selected among four second levels on facility, environment, wildlife species and management tool. The AHP analysis suggested that neighboring environments are the most important factor at the second level, and passage structure, harmony with natural surroundings, wildlife occurrence and monitoring of the passage are also important factors at the third levels. In summary, effective measurements of wildlife passage management is based on managing the passage with neighboring topography and natural surrounding. This is useful to establish wildlife passage management strategy in order to reduce the negative effects of roads on wildlife species.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.20-41
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore ways to improve teaching and learning in specialized high schools by investigating the relationship between creativity and class satisfaction in classes using the NFTM-TRIZ model for specialized high school students. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, first, the differences between the applied effects, experiments, and control groups were analyzed when the NFTM-TRIZ model was applied. Second, when the NFTM-TRIZ model was applied, it was analyzed whether there was a significant difference in creativity and class satisfaction by group size. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, as a result of comparing the preand post-tests of the experimental group and the control group applying the NFTM-TRIZ model through the t-test, the experimental group showed significant differences in creative spontaneity, identity, attachment, curiosity and class satisfaction. Second, in experimental groups with the NFTM-TRIZ model, the size of groups of 4 and 6, rather than the size of groups of 2, had positive effects on class satisfaction. Therefore, the NFTM-TRIZ model based on collaborative learning was effective as a teaching and learning method that promoted creativity and satisfaction of students in specialized high schools.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 1998

Thirteen InGaAs/InGaAsP separate-confinement heterostructure multiple quantum well lasers were designed such that the strain in the active layer from 0.9% compressive strain to 1.4% tensile, and their threshold current density was caluculated to see the effects of strain on the threshold current density. The well width was adjusted such that the bandgap of the quantum well is 1.55 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, For the calculation of the band structure and transition matrix element needed for the gain calculation, a block diagonalized 8$\times$8 second-order $\to{k}.\to{p}$ Hamiltonian was used to incorporate the conduction band nonparabolicity and the valence band mixing. The threshold current density shows discontinuity at 0.4% tensile strain where the first heavy-hole subband and the first light-hole subband cross and at 0.5% tensile strain where the second conduction subband begins to exist. The threshold current density at room temperature has a maximum around these 0.4-0.5% tensile strains, and as strain varies in either direction it decreases first and then increases a little after a local minimum. This calculated trend is consistent with the other reported experimental results. We discussed the results of this calculation in comparison with other theoretical or experimental papers on the effect of strain.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.449-471
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate how a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) program titled(called) 'Designing Safe and Strong Bridge' effects scientifically gifted students' scientific attitude, scientific career orientation and leadership. The participants were 19 scientifically gifted students in the second grade in C high school in Gyeonggi province; they were selected by participation in the tri-level gifted students identification step. Before and after 14 units of the program, the participants were asked to take tests about scientific attitude, scientific career orientation and leadership and to write a review about the PBL program at the end. The major results of this study are as follows. First, participants' scientific attitude was statistically significantly improved after the PBL program (p<.05). In the sub-domain of this area, six parts excluding the part of openness were significantly developed. Second, the degree of scientific career orientation was statistically significantly improved after the PBL program (p<.05). All 4 sub-domains in the degree of scientific career were significantly developed. Third, all of leadership scores were statistically significantly increased after the PBL program (p<.05). In the first factor, the parts of inner and inter personal characteristics were significantly developed. According to their post-program opinions, participants developed in terms of all the secondary factors, such as ability of interpersonal relation, consideration for others and groups, responsibility for the task, confidence and vision, during the process of PBL problem-solving in the small group work.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper attempted to investigate the relationships among the perception of job insecurity and organizational effectiveness, and it examines these relationships while considering the moderating effect of trust in the manager and self-efficacy. Job insecurity is an independent variable, organizational effectiveness aspects (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are dependent variables, and trust and self-efficacy are moderators. Research design, data, and methodology - Regression analysis was used to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, some modifications were made. To examine the model, this study relied on the samples chosen from Korean employees in the six franchise business firms. The survey was conducted on 288 workers. Each question is based on a 5-point Likert type scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results - The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, job insecurity has an influence on organizational effectiveness aspects (negatively on job satisfaction, negatively on organizational commitment, and positively on turnover intention). Second, analyzing the moderating effect of trust, trust in manager is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on organizational commitment and on turnover intention). However, employees' trust in manager had no significant moderating effect on the job insecurity-job satisfaction relationship. Third, self-efficacy is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on job satisfaction, on organizational commitment, and on turnover intention). Conclusions - First, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employees' job insecurity in franchise firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and to create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implementing it. To this end, the franchise companies should implement efficiency efforts such as obtaining an appropriate capacity of equipped personnel and a training program. Second, there are moderating effects of self-efficacy and trust in the relationship between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness. Depending on business conditions, stability and instability can only be experienced in the organizations of franchise companies. This can give rise to instability in employment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize a system that can be minimized with a change in the new awareness of employment instability. After all, a good leader (manager) must accumulate personal trust and build up a core competence that is necessary to become competent in the field himself. Even if you lack the material resources to improve performance, if the leader with the core competencies (e.g., technical/management /organization/marketing/design) can gain the trust of the supervisor, you can get a good organizational performance. Therefore, you should foster a healthy organizational culture through education such as leadership training and employee training to be built on trust between the leaders and the employees. In addition, you need to focus on HRD&M training in order to increase the self-efficacy of the supervisor.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.83-90
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• 2014

Purpose - Increasing sales of PB rice products can hinder the growth of domestic brands of rice, notwithstanding that the government is promoting domestic brands of rice. This analysis evaluated the influencing relationship among the variables of PB image, product credibility, and purchase intention of consumers who have never bought PB rice, to know the factors influencing consumers' decisions to purchase PB products. Research design, data, and methodology - PB products' brand image was analyzed as the factor that has a direct effect on purchase intention. The mediation effect of credibility on PB products is also analyzed, in terms of influencing the relationship between PB products' brand image and purchase intention. The analysis is performed on consumers that have not purchased a PB product and consumers who have purchased PB products from major distributors. Data is collected through questionnaires, from 389 of responders, and the AMOS 19.0 statistics package is used as a statistical tool. Results - It is proven that brand image has direct effects on the credibility of the product, and the credibility of product has a direct effect on purchase intention. However, it is revealed that brand image does not directly affect purchase intention, but that brand image indirectly affects it through the credibility of the product. Although the customers' recognition about PB image is low, the result shows that PB products' external attributes have effects on customers' purchase intention relating to the PB product. Therefore, it is important to establish the credibility of the PB product more than other products in terms of marketing. Conclusions - The following are the implications of the study. First, in a rice brand promotion, the credibility of the product should be ensured by a uniform brand image. To ensure the credibility of a product, the RPC brand and other brands should be unified, and the unified brand image should be applied to every product. Second, the package must possess a design as well as contents that could build consumers' perception of product credibility. Products' external attributes contribute to their credibility, which leads the consumers to purchase the products, including those consumers who have never bought PB rice products. Therefore, the products' credibility and sales can be reinforced by applying information about consumers' considerations when buying the PB rice product in different colors, font sizes, and packaging designs. This study is meaningful in two ways. First, it seeks to identify an NB revitalization strategy by exploring the purchasing behavior of customers who have no experience in buying PB rice products. Second, the results of previous studies about general brands are considered and applied in this study in order to investigate the influencing relationship among different factors of PB products. However, this study is a consumer awareness investigation; therefore, its results only have limited meaning to the relationship between brand image and purchase intention.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.269-290
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of backwards causation. For study, this paper was divided into four views as follows: The first view was sometimes suggested by the people such as M. Dummett who distinguished observers from behaviors. According to observers' view, backwards causation is impossible, whereas behaviors' view possible. However, in a real or genuine sense, it is incorrect for us to argue for impossibility of backwards causation from the observer aspect. The second view was supported by J. H. Schmidt. He analyzed the possibility of backwards causation in terms of macro and micro level analysis about the causal events. According to micro level analysis, backwards causation is possible, but macro level analysis impossible. Usually the latter makes the former something miraculous. Under the macro level analysis, backwards causation, at first, seems to be miraculous phenomena which belongs to the micro level analysis. The third view had to do with physical equation, and the fourth view physical phenomena, respectively. John Earman argued for the backwards causation by the transformation from Lorentz­-Dirac equation to a second-order integro-differential one in the field of electrodynamic acceleration. His argument was criticized because of his misunderstanding about the relationship between two equations. On the other hand, Phil Dowe defended a version of Reichenbach's own theory about the direction of causation founded on the fork asymmetrical causal relation. However his view was different from Reichenbach's because the former defended the backwards causation model of Bell phenomena in quantum mechanics. On the contrary, Reichenbach put stressed on the priority of cause in the causal process. Subjectivism has recently been defended by H. Price, under the label of perspectivism. According to him, in a certain sense causal asymmetry is not in the world, but is rather a product of our own asymmetric perspective on the world. He also suggested causal net, the symmetry of microphysics, and so on. As mentioned above, there are many kind of suggestions of backwards causation. However none of them replaced objectively the main streams of the direction of causal process. The main stream has been usually defended by pragmatical ground. That is, effects do not precede their causes although causes cannot be without their effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.172-181
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact on self-directed learning ability and science process skills by utilizing 'Thinking Maps' in a science class. This particular study was proceeded to 5th grader at B elementary school, there was a mutual agreement with a teacher about assigning a research group and a comparison group and it was agreed by students and explaining the reason and purpose of the study. The researchers visited the school and selected 24 students in the research class and 24 students in the comparative class. For a research group, an experimental group, homeroom teacher, proceeded a science class with the application of 'Thinking Maps'. The experimental period was set up as a 40 minutes class unit for 12 weeks. After an experimental group, self-directed learning ability and science process skills were examined, data collection and data analysis were proceeded by order. The following experimental results are as below. First, the application of 'Thinking Maps' method in the class was effective in self-directed learning ability. Second, the application of 'Thinking Maps' method in the class was effective in scientific process skills. Third, the application of 'Thinking Maps' method in the class had a positive cognition from the learners in the experimental group. Based on the discussions and implications of the results of this study, some suggestions in the follow - up study are as follows. First, applying Thinking Maps technique to various science classes to see the effects can also be suggested as one of the new teaching methods. Second, testing the effects of applying different grades of elementary school students using the Thinking Maps technique could also be highlighted as another way of teaching science classes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.155-166
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• 2021

This study examined the spillovers (economics) of domestic varieties. The analysis model used the supply-driven of inter-industry analysis (input-output analysis), and the scope of the study was limited to the varieties developed by rural development agencies. The spillovers were analyzed by dividing into the effects on production inducement and employment inducement. First, the effects on production inducement were the largest in Sindongjin, a rice variety, with 49,599.3 billion won. Seolhyang, a strawberry variety, was the second largest with 32,936.9 billion won. On the other hand, Baekma, a flower variety, was small at 87.7 billion won. On the other hand, this is a very large number considering the small area of cultivation of flowers and how most of the flower varieties depend on overseas varieties. Second, the effect on the employment inducement coefficient appeared in a similar order to the effect on production inducement. Sindongjin was the largest with 756,682, and Seolhyang was 701,403. Baekma was analyzed as 1,582 people. The results are of great significance in that it quantitatively analyzed the spillovers of the varieties developed by rural development agencies and ensured a justification for the development of varieties by national institutions through their value.