• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.411-420
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• 2015

Ki-67 has been widely used as an indicator of cell proliferation in gliomas. However, the role of Ki-67 as a prognostic marker is still undefined. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis of the published literatures in order to clarify the impact of Ki-67 on survival in glioma cases. Eligible studies were identified in PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct and Wiley Online Library with the last search updated on August 31, 2014. The clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) together with Ki-67 expression at different time points were extracted. A total of 51 studies, covering 4,307 patients, were included in the current meta-analysis. The results showed that overexpression of Ki-67 can predict poor OS (HR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.53-1.80; Z=11.87; p=0.000) and poor PFS (HR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.47-1.91; Z=7.67; p=0.000) in gliomas. Moreover, subgroup analyses also indicated that high level of Ki-67 expression was related to poor OS and PFS in glioma patients regardless of region, pathology type, cut-off value and statistical method. In conclusion, the current meta-analysis revealed that Ki-67 expression might be a predicative factor for poor prognosis of glioma patients, emphasizing its importance as a predictor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2713-2717
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• 2015

Background: Possible associations between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8034191 in the aminoglycosidephosphotransferase domain containing 1 (AGPHD1) gene and lung cancer risk have been studied by many researchers but the results have been contradictory. Materials and Methods: A computerized search for publications on rs8034191 and lung cancer risk was performed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between rs8034191 and lung cancer risk with 13 selected case-control studies. Sensitivity analysis, test of heterogeneity, cumulative meta-analysis, and assessment of bias were also performed. Results: A significant association between rs8034191 and lung cancer susceptibility was found using the dominant genetic model (OR=1.344, 95% CI: 1.285-1.406), the additive genetic model (OR=1.613, 95% CI: 1.503-1.730), and the recessive genetic model (OR=1.408, 95% CI: 1.319-1.503). Moreover, an increased lung cancer risk was found with all genetic models after stratification of ethnicity. Conclusions: The association between rs8034191 and lung cancer risk was significant using multiple genetic models, suggesting that rs8034191 is a risk factor for lung cancer. Further functional studies of this polymorphism and lung cancer risk are warranted.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2007

The nucleotide sequences of a male-specific marker sex determining region Y (SRY) gene and a mitochondrial cytochrome B (CYTB) gene were characterized and analyzed to establish a molecular method for identification of species and sex of Korean roe deer (Capreolus pygargus tianschanicus). Similarity search result of SRY sequences showed very similar result to those reported in Moose (Alces alces) and Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), both of which had 95.9% similarity in identity. CYTB genes were very similar to those reported in Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus pygargus) which had 98.6% similarity and not to European roe deer (C. capreolus), suggesting that the DNA samples tested were of Siberian roe deer lineage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sex typing successfully discriminated between carcasses of male and female roe deer. Males had SRY band on agarose gels and females did not. The result of this molecular sex typing provided similar information with that obtained by genital organ observation. Therefore, this molecular method using male specific marker SRY and mitochondrial CYTB genes would be very useful for identification of the species and sex of the carcass remains of roe deer.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1789-1798
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• 2012

IEEE 802.15.4a standard can provide a variety of location-based services for ZigBee or wireless network applications by adapting the time-of-arrival (TOA) ranging technique. The non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition is the critical problem in the IEEE 802.15.4a networks, and it can significantly degrade the performance of the TOA-based localization. To enhance the location accuracy due to the NLOS problem, this paper proposes an energy-efficient low complexity localization algorithm. The proposed approach performs the ranging with the multicast method, which can reduce the message overhead due to packet exchanges. By limiting the search region for the location of the node, the proposed approach can enhance the location accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous algorithms in terms of the energy consumption and the localization accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.2 s.107
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• pp.187-201
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• 2005

With the trend of urban polynucleation, the issue of detecting economic clusters or urban employment centers has been considered as crucial. However, the prior researches had some limitations in detecting economic clusters in the empirical analysis: i.e. inherent inefficiency of density-based clustering methods, difficulty in detecting linear types of spatial clusters and lacks of consideration of economic significance. The purpose of this paper is to propose the clustering method with the procedure of testing statistical and economic significance named as VCEC (Variable Clumping method for Economic Clusters) and to apply it to a case analysis of Erie County, New York, in order to test its validity. By applying a search radius and a total employment as an economic threshold, 'the both statistically and economically significant clusters' were detected in the Erie County, and proved to be efficient.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.761-768
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• 2007

Humans have been searching for more comfortable places for centuries. The comfort concept which is related with vitality in Pungsu is closest to science. The comfort concept was introduced as being based upon measurable human physiological and psychological reactions. Two classification nomograms, the comfort index and the wind effect index were identified. The Pungsu concept can be applied in America, and one of them is North Cemetery located in the town of Hampton in northeastern Connecticut not far from Storrs campus, the University of Connecticut. The human reaction to comfort not only physiologically but also individually is various in various climate region. It is important to search for more comfortable places or to make up for less comfortable places with Pungsu as the adaptive strategy for the comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-64
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• 2000

This paper presents a procedure of calculating a safety factor of the unsaturated slope suffering from the rainfall infiltration. The process of infiltration into a slope due to rainfall and its effect on the behavior of the soil slope are examined by using a two dimensional finite element flow-deformation coupled analysis. A factor of safety is calculated at various elapsed times after the commencement of rainfall as in the following procedure. First, stresses are estimated at each Gaussian point from the coupled finite element analysis. Then, the global stress smoothing method is applied to get a continuous stress field. Based on this stress field, a factor of safety is calculated for a specified slip surface by a stress integration scheme. Then, a search strategy is used to find out a critical slip surface which is associated with the minimum factor of safety. Some numerical examples are analyzed in order to study the effect of hydraulic conductivity on the slope stability during rain-induced infiltration. According to the results, local failure zone can be formed near the slope surface due to inhomogeneous distribution of hydraulic conductivity If the failure zone is once formed, then the region extends until a large amount of slide activates. Therefore the local failure can be neglected no longer in the stability analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.137-144
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• 1989

A new algorithm is presented which efficiently reports minimum width/space violation in a geometric mask pattern. The proposed algorithm solves a sequence of range search problems by employing a plane sweep method. The algorithm runs in O(n log n) time, where n is the number of edges in a mask pattern. Since a lower bound in time conplexity for reporting all minimum width/space violations is ${\Omega}$ (n log n), this algorithm is theoretically optimal within a constant multiplicaive factor. It requires O($n^{0.5}$) space which is very efficient in practice. Moreover, this algorithm, we believe, is easy to implement and practically fast (116.7 seconds for a rectilinear region with 250000 vertices ar VAX 8650.)

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2009

Currently, H.264/AVC is used in many multimedia applications. Also, The MPEG-2 main profile which supports B pictures for bi-directional motion prediction is widely used in applications such as HDTV and DVD’s. Therefore, transcoding the MPEG-2 main profile to the H.264/AVC baseline is necessary for universal multimedia access. In this transcoding architecture including the GOP structure conversion, the proposed algorithms adopt the adaptive search range selection through the linearity test of a predictive motion vector and adaptive mode selection using the reference region complexity information. The proposed algorithms extremely reduce the computational complexity while maintaining the video quality.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.877-887
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• 2011

The purpose of Sassanian dynasty was to succeed the civilization of Achaemenid dynasty but it shows vestiges of Parthian civilization in many ways. This study is an attempt to take a look at Sassanian civilization through analyzing these rock reliefs since these features are shown on the rock relief of Ardashir I in early Sassanian Iran. The way carried out this study was first, to collect and search documentary data to establish the theoretical background, and collect positive data by exploring this region and then we comparatively analyzed the two data in general and the result is the following: The form of costume is different according to the person's status. In the early period of Ardashir I the costume style of the royals is reflected by clothes such as tunic, trousers in parthian style. However, trousers do not have vertical pleats which are commonly shown in the case of parthian trousers. It assumed that after the early period of Ardashir I, Sassanians formed their own styles. The form of cap is also different according to the person's status. Ardashir I and the Ahura mazda god put on crown and Korymbos which symbolized the sovereign power. Except the king and the god, the prince and the king's vassal put on high caps called Kolah. Diadem which symbolized sovereign power of king was used by the king, the god and the crown prince. There are two kinds of diadem. The first form has vertical pleats and the other does not have pleats. This form became different depending on the social position. The form of hairstyle is generally thick curly hair which goes down until the shoulder. There is no difference in their hairstyle in terms of the social position. The beard style is generally in the form of scoop. There is also no difference in terms of the person's status.