• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2021

Soil microorganism activity in an agricultural field is affected by various factors including climate conditions, soil chemical properties, and crop cultivation. In this study, we elucidate the correlation between microorganism activity and agricultural environment factors using the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) value, which is one of the indicators of soil microbial activity. As a result, the various factors noted above were related to the DHA value. Annual rainfall, soil Mg2+, bacterial and fungal diversities, types of crops, developmental stages, seasons, and cultivation status were highly correlated with the DHA value. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis was used to identify that the type of crop affected soil microbial compositions of both bacteria and fungi. Soil used for soybean cultivation showed the highest relative abundance for Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria but Actinobacteria and Firmicutes had the lowest relative abundance. In the case of soil used for potato cultivation, Actinobacteria had the highest relative abundance but Proteobacteria had the lowest relative abundance. Armatimonadetes showed the highest relative abundance in soil used for cabbage cultivation. Among the fungal communities, Mortierellomycota had the highest relative abundance for soybean cultivation but the lowest relative abundance for cabbage cultivation; further, Rozellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Cercozoa had the highest relative abundance for cabbage cultivation. Basidiomycota had the highest relative abundance for potato cultivation but the lowest relative abundance for soybean cultivation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2021

Cancer cells predominantly generate energy via glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to support abnormal cell proliferation. Suppression of PDHA1 by PDK1 prevents the conversion of cytoplasmic pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA. Several PDK inhibitors have been identified, but their clinical applications have not been successful for unclear reasons. In this study, endogenous PDHA1 in A549 cells was silenced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and PDHA1^WT and PDHA1^3SD were transduced. Since PDHA1^3SD cannot be phosphorylated by PDKs, it was used to evaluate the specific activity of PDK inhibitors. This study highlights that PDHA1^WT and PDHA1^3SD A549 cells can be used as a cell-based PDK inhibitor-distinction system to examine the relationship between PDH activity and cell death by established PDK inhibitors. Leelamine, huzhangoside A and otobaphenol induced PDH activity-dependent apoptosis, whereas AZD7545, VER-246608 and DCA effectively enhanced PDHA1 activity but little toxic to cancer cells. Furthermore, the activity of phosphomimetic PDHA1 revealed the complexity of its regulation, which requires further in-depth investigation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1285-1292
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• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a novel endolysin (PanLys.1) for the specific killing of the ruminal hyper-ammonia-producing bacterium Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (P. anaerobius). Methods: Whole genome sequences of P. anaerobius strains and related bacteriophages were collected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, and the candidate gene for PanLys.1 was isolated based on amino acid sequences and conserved domain database (CDD) analysis. The gene was overexpressed using a pET system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The lytic activity of PanLys.1 was evaluated under various conditions (dosage, pH, temperature, NaCl, and metal ions) to determine the optimal lytic activity conditions. Finally, the killing activity of PanLys.1 against P. anaerobius was confirmed using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: CDD analysis showed that PanLys.1 has a modular design with a catalytic domain, amidase-2, at the N-terminal, and a cell wall binding domain, from the CW-7 superfamily, at the C-terminal. The lytic activity of PanLys.1 against P. anaerobius was the highest at pH 8.0 (p<0.05) and was maintained at 37℃ to 45℃, and 0 to 250 mM NaCl. The activity of PanLys.1 significantly decreased (p<0.05) after Mn²⁺ or Zn²⁺ treatment. The relative abundance of P. anaerobius did not decrease after administration PanLys.1 under in vitro rumen conditions. Conclusion: The application of PanLys.1 to modulate P. anaerobius in the rumen might not be feasible because its lytic activity was not observed in in vitro rumen system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2010

[ $\alpha$ ]Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is a glycosidase that hydrolyzes disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides resulting in the release of α-D-glucose. In this study, $\alpha$-glucosidase activity in the hemolymph and midgut of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori and Japanese oak silkmoth Antheraea yamamai was measured using maltose, sucrose, trehalose, and p-nitrophenyl $\alpha$-D-glucopyranoside as substrates. In general, hemolymph $\alpha$-glucosidase activity was higher in B. mori than in A. yamamai. In contrast, midgut $\alpha$-glucosidase activity was higher in A. yamamai than in B. mori for all of the substrates tested. $\alpha$-Glucosidase activity in the midgut of both B. mori and A. yamamai showed similar responses to changes in pH and temperature for all of the substrates tested. Native (7.5%) PAGE of hemolymph and midgut proteins from B. mori and A. yamamai followed by staining with 4-methylumbelliferyl $\alpha$-D-glucoside (MUG) indicated that the $\alpha$-glucosidases of these related lepidopterans are functionally similar but structurally different. In comparison to $\alpha$-glucosidase activity from A. yamamai, $\alpha$-glucosidase activity from B. mori was generally less sensitive to the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitors, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), acarbose, and voglibose when the activity was determined using maltose, sucrose, and trehalose.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.106-112
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• 1998

본 연구는 토양의 화학적 특성과 탈질소, 황 환원에 관여하는 세균류 및 탈수소효소 활성의 관계를 살펴보고, 궁극적으로는 산림 토양생태계의 동태를 평가하는 도구로 탈수소효소를 활용할 수 있는지에 대하여 고찰한 것이다. 오염지역으로 여겨지는 온산공단 주변과 해안의 청정지역인 강화도 마니산에서 각각 침엽수림과 활엽수림을 산정, 총 4개 임분을 대상으로 본 연구를 수행하였는데, 마니산 토양은 온산공단 주변에 비하여 상대적으로 유기물, 질소, 유효인산 등의 함량이 높아 미생물의 활동에 유리한 것으로 여겨졌다. 한편, 탈질균이나 황산환원균은 지역간 차이가 없었던 반면, 탈수소효소의 활성은 지역이나 시기에 따른 변화를 뚜렷이 나타내어 두 종류의 미생물 정량기법에 비하여 훨씬 민감하게 나타났다. 또한, 탈수소효소는 미생물의 활성과 깊은 관계가 있는 것으로 여겨지는 유기물함량(r=0.53. p=0.004), 전질소(r=0.41. p=0.008)나 C/Ava. P 비율(r=-0.52. p=0.001) 등과 비교적 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. 따라서, 비슷한 토성을 지녀야 비교가 가능하다는 다른 연구자들의 지적을 감안하여 수행한다면, 토양생태계의 동태를 파악하는 지표로서 탈수소효소를 활용할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1214-1220
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• 2003

오배자 추출물을 제조하여 가축질병에 관련이 있는 균에 대한 항균활성을 조사하였다. 오배자 추출물은 그람양성균에 대해 높은 항균활성을 보였으며 그 중 S. epidermidis와 L. monocytogenes에서 가장 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 오배자 추출물의 최소저해농도는 MeOH추출물은 0.6 ∼ 12 mg/mL의 범위였으며 EtOH추출물은 0.2 ∼ 16 mg/mL 농도에서 항균활성을 보였고 오배자 분획물의 항균활성은 EtOAc층이 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 열과 pH에 의한 항균활성 변화에 있어서는 대부분의 균주에서 항균력의 차이를 보였다. 오배자 추출물의 미생물 증식 억제 효과를 조사하기위해 증식 배지에 0, 100, 300 및 500 ppm의 추출물을 첨가하여 균주의 증식 억제효과를 조사하였다. 그람양성균인 S. aureus와 S. epidermidis는 300 ppm이상 첨가시 배양 후 72시간까지 증식이 정지된 상태를 보였으며 그람 음성균에서는500 ppm 이상 첨가시 증식이 저지되거나 저해효과가 있었다. 이런 결과를 종합하면 오배자 추출물은 그람 음성균에 비해 그람 양성균에 더욱 효과적인 항균활성이 있다고 보여진다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.26-35
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on health-related quality of life according to body mass index (BMI) in middle age people. Methods: Using the 2017 Korea Health Panel Data, a total of 4,711 subjects age 40-64 were selected and classified into four groups based on BMI levels (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese). Influencing factors according to BMI in middle age people was analyzed using multiple regression. Results: Activity limited was the most influential factor for health-related quality of life in middle age people. Walking and stress were factors influencing health-related quality of life in all weight groups. In the overweight and obese group, suicidal impulse was a significant influencing factor on health-related quality of life. Conclusion: To improve the health-related quality of life of middle age people, effective walking and stress management for maintaining and managing health, as well as managing suicide risk in the overweight group and obese group are required.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.46-61
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: An increasing life expectancy in society has burdened healthcare systems substantially because of the rising prevalence of age-related metabolic diseases. This study compared the effects of animal protein hydrolysate (APH) and casein on metabolic diseases using aged mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Eight-week-old and 50-week-old C57BL/6J mice were used as the non-aged (YC group) and aged controls (NC group), respectively. The aged mice were divided randomly into 3 groups (NC, low-APH [LP], and high-APH [HP] and fed each experimental diet for 12 weeks. In the LP and HP groups, casein in the AIN-93G diet was substituted with 16 kcal% and 24 kcal% APH, respectively. The mice were sacrificed when they were 63-week-old, and plasma and hepatic lipid, white adipose tissue weight, hepatic glucose, lipid, and antioxidant enzyme activities, immunohistochemistry staining, and mRNA expression related to the glucose metabolism on liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: Supplementation of APH in aging mice resulted in a significant decrease in visceral fat (epididymal, perirenal, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric fat) compared to the negative control (NC) group. The intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and area under the curve analysis revealed insulin resistance in the NC group, which was alleviated by APH supplementation. APH supplementation reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and increased glucose utilization in the liver and muscle. Furthermore, APH supplementation improved hepatic steatosis by reducing the hepatic fatty acid and phosphatidate phosphatase activity while increasing the hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity. Furthermore, in the APH supplementation groups, the red blood cell (RBC) thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hepatic H₂O₂ levels decreased, and the RBC glutathione, hepatic catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased. CONCLUSIONS: APH supplementation reduced visceral fat accumulation and alleviated obesity-related metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, in aged mice. Therefore, high-quality animal protein APH that reduces the molecular weight and enhances the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score has potential as a dietary supplement for healthy aging.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2015

Bovine milk provides essential nutrients, including immunologically important molecules, as the primary source of nutrition to newborns. Recent studies showed that RNAs from bovine milk contain immune-related microRNAs (miRNA) that regulate various immune systems. To evaluate the biological and immunological activity of miRNAs from milk products, isolation methods need to be established. Six methods for extracting total RNAs from bovine colostrums were adopted to evaluate the isolating efficiency and expression of miRNAs. Total RNA from milk was presented in formulation of small RNAs, rather than ribosomal RNAs. Column-combined phenol isolating methods showed high recovery of total RNAs, especially the commercial columns for biofluid samples, which demonstrated outstanding efficiency for recovering miRNAs. We also evaluated the quantity of five immune-related miRNAs (miR-93, miR-106a, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-451) in milk processed by temperature treatments including low temperature for long time (LTLT, 63℃ for 30 min)-, high temperature for short time (HTST, 75℃ for 15 s)-, and ultra heat treatment (UHT, 120-130℃ for 0.5-4 s). All targeted miRNAs had significantly reduced levels in processed milks compared to colostrum and raw mature milk. Interestingly, the amount of immune-related miRNAs from HTST milk was more resistant than those of LTLT and UHT milks. Our present study examined defined methods of RNA isolation and quantification of immune-specific miRNAs from small volumes of milk for use in further analysis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2015

The different calculated quantum chemical descriptors by DFT method were used for prediction of some sulphanilamide Schiff bases inhibitor activity as a binding constant (log K). Multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed for developing the useful quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model. The obtained results presented superiority of ANN model over the MLR one. The offering QSAR model is very easy to computation and Physico-Chemically interpretable. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the relative importance of each descriptor in ANN model. The order of importance of each descriptor according to this analysis is: molecular volume, molecular weight and dipole moment, respectively. These descriptors appear good information related to different structure of sulphanilamide Schiff bases can participate in their inhibitor activity.