• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2019

Purpose - It is well known that chemyon, referred to by Westerners as face, naturally penetrates the daily life of Asians and influences their cognition, emotion, and behavior. Studies related to chemyon have been conducted in marketing and consumer behavior fields (e.g., luxury products or brands, service failure and recovery, brand preferences, consumer decision making, wedding ceremony, gift giving). A bulk of studies demonstrate that chemyon influences consumption behavior in Asian consumers. Although chemyon significantly influences consumption behavior of Asian consumers, it is also a cultural phenomenon that is not completely explained within the Western viewpoint. Whereas a number of researchers have approached cross-cultural studies of Asian and Western consumers, a limited number of studies have examined it from the perspective of chemyom. The purpose of this study is to compare the phenomenon that chemyon (face) not only affects the consumption behavior of Asia and the West universally (pan-culturally), but also distinctively (culture-specifically). That is, the purpose of this study is to describe that chemyon (face) is not only a culture-specific phenomenon but also a universal phenomenon in the consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers, even though the extent that chemyon (face) impacts consumption behavior is differentiated. This study aims to understand commonalities and differences between Asian and Western consumption behavior in terms of chemyon (face), and to suggest how to enhance marketing effectiveness in a global market based on understanding the consumption behavior of Asia and the West. Research design, data, and methodology - Using systematic literature review and meta-analysis, this study investigates consumption behavior of Asian and Western consumers from the perspective of chemyon (face). Systematic literature review was used to compare face (chemyon) consumption of Western consumers with that of Asian consumers. To verify systematic literature review, meta-analysis was also accomplished. Results - First, the influence of face (chemyon) on consumption behavior is observed in Western consumers as well as Asian consumers. Second, Asian consumers are more influenced by face (chemyon) than Western consumers. Conclusions - Overall, chemyon (face) can affect the consumption behavior of Asians as well as the consumption behavior of Westerners.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.157-174
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• 1994

Women’s experience of abortion are not only widespread but also significant event in their lives. But this experience has not been a concern for professional care by health care providers, especially nurses. As professional nurses should have holistic approaches to clients, need to understand the lived experience of abortion from women’s perspectives. These Nurses must identify unique means for improving the quality of life of women. This study identified the meaning and structure of the lived experience of abortion. The participants were residents of Seoul and Kwang ju who were recruited through personal recommendation. Colaizzi’s method was used for the phenomenological analysis. The research question was aimed at revealing the covert meaning of abortion. The 14 women who had a spontaneous abortion and /or an artificial abortion and who argeed to participate in the study were informed of the purpose of the study, the possible risks and benefits of participation, the data generation method and they were assured of privacy and confidentiality. The investigator conducted in-depth unstructured interviews which were audiotaped with the permission of the participants. The investigator read the data repeatdly to identify and categorize themes and basic structural elements. Eight themes of abortion as experienced by these participants were : 1) complicated feelings about the anticipated abortion 2) feelings of fear and anxiety about the operation and complications 3) grieving related loss and injury 4) feelings of lonliness in perceiving no supportive person, 5) attributing the cause of the abortion to siginificant others or to self, 6) guilt feelings and resentment, 7) vacillating between regretting and not regretting, 8) struggling to a responsible person. Five basic structures identified were : 1) Complicated feelings 2) Feelings of loss and need for caring 3) Attributings to cause to significant others 4) Paradoxical emotion 5) Struggling to be a responsible being The significes of this study for nursing are : 1) It enables nurses and other health care providers understand more clearly the lived experience of abortion 2) It provides information which can be used in for women who experience abortion.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제6권
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• pp.203-225
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• 2004

We are sure that Abakanowicz positively assumes a position of members, which are represented the later modern fabric design. In sprite of his pervasive evaluation, we have doubt about his achievement because the preceding research is insufficient about argumentsuch as dependence on intuitive emotion study, conventional analysis of structure and insufficient inquiry of causa efficiens. We agree that basic structure of is dissipation. Though right and left symmetrical structure is similar, also that structure is different. We can't decide whether structure is unification structure, difference structure or mixture structure . We think that the time of confusing argument of his structure is changing period for disorganization trend. The result of this study confirm the research possibility about space organization with restructure analysis and verification for examining essence structure of sample text . The Thesis are concern that the different between paradigmatic appearances and syntagmatic, which exist . So, we can approach the meaning of system and find dominent point about constructional relationship on the works. The meaning of dominent point is understood about sexless trend or Androgyne, which are appeared Abakanowicz forth work period. The relationship structure which is mixed both issue show that inner issue of work is located the highest position. The paper presents confusing manufacture system, which are suggested man-woman sex and mixed meaning. The other result of this study are, 1. being known as Abakan algorism, Abakanowicz has new drafting idiom from his ancient belief. 2. we need to research the body texture of Abakanowicz with the trend of restructure of body study. 3. we need argue about gender study in relative with poster moderntheology related problem of sexlessness people and perfect sex-people.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. This study tried to find the efficient nursing intervention method to maintain and promote their health, to cope with health problem, and to inquire into the loss experience of women with hysterectomy by using the phenomenological method. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The result of the study was as follows : The factors which have influence on the loss experience of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. The loss experience of matrix was expressed in lingual, reactions to the loss of function, sex, body change and husband, in behavioral behaviors in emotion and body. The loss of matrix of the subjects was relived by religion. perineorrhapy, exercise, reading, watching video and diet. The subjects each showed ways of reaction of fatalism, giving-up, coping on the loss experience of matrix. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life. though women with hysterectomy undergo various loss experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the loss experience, to be a good supporter, And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.95-123
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• 1999

The goal of this research is a visual and auditory tool development enabling designers to have the same emotional value with users in the process of user centered design. Through the research, we intend to show the aid measure for making cognitive gaps narrow between users and designer in the process of transforming and understanding the emotional needs as a verbal image. because In the business practice of design, most of tools and techniques for assessment and analysis of emotional needs are those used usually in the marketing fields. So the information generated and transformed from users to designers have a form of physical words. When the designer's understanding of the emotional needs is considered as a product mediated communication process, the morphologic and cognitive information gaps become obvious. This difference could be a false basis in designing with emotional user needs. So the alternative needs assessment sub-tools of visual and auditory information form was embodied mainly for designer's cognitive gaps and inter-cultural emotional needs assessment. As the method of embodiment, Firstly, adjectives related to emotion were classified in their cognitive dimension. Secondly, visual and auditory data were extracted, and then the relativity verified. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness were tested through the database generation. In view of the results so far achieved, 1. We could find being of the big information cognitive gaps in the verbal assessment of emotional needs between designers and users. 2. With the visual and auditory assessment tool, we could make the big cognitive gaps narrower than we expected. 3. Also, we could find the chance that the fidelity, recognition, and friendliness of design for emotional user needs would become better.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.371-380
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• 2003

현대 소비자들은 좀더 감각적이고, 정서적 만족감을 제공하는 제품을 기대하고 있으며, 이에 감성공학이란 전문적인 지식들을 자동차 디자인에 응용할 필요성이 대두되게 된 것이다. 자동차의 경우 개성 있는 나만의 차를 갖고 싶어하는 욕구로 자동차를 꾸미는 데에 많은 투자를 하면서 휠 디자인이 중요시되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 새로운 디자인 방향 모색으로 감성 공학적 분석 방법을 통하여, 소비자들의 자동차 휠 디자인에 대한 이미지를 파악하고, 소비자의 요구와 감성에 따른 자동차 휠 디자인을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 'harmonious', 'fresh'와 'strong'의 이미지가 자동차 휠 디자인을 대표하며, 'harmonious' 이미지로는 스포크 타입, 'fresh'의 이미지는 메쉬 타입, 'strong'의 이미지는 디쉬 타입의 자동차 휠 디자인으로 나타났다. 따라서 자동차 휠의 디자인 개발에 소비자의 감성을 기반으로 한 감성 공학적 디자인 접근을 함으로써 소비자에게 만족시킬 수 있는 디자인 방향 제시를 가능케 하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.549-561
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• 1995

This study was designed to identify the relation-ship of perceived social support on self-esteem and hopelessness in patients with chronic renal failure who are hemodialysis. The subjects of this study were the 50 patients who were registered in the hemodialysis department of the two hospitals. The data were collected using a questionnaire and The period of the data collection was from August 9 to 16, 1993. The instruments for this study were the perceived social support scale designed by Park Ji-Won, the self -esteem scale designed by Rosenberg and the hopelessness scale designed by Beck et al. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, t-test, ANOVA, and .Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The degree of support according to the type of perceived social support ranged down in the fol-lowing order from high to low the mean emotion-al support 21.12, the mean informational support 19.58, the mean appraisal support 17.00, the mean material support 15.22, the man self-esteem was 32.00 and the mean hopelessness was 60.48. 2. Test for hypothesis ; Hypothesis 1, "The higher the level of perceived social support in patients on hemodialysis, the higher their level of self-esteem will be. " was not supported(r=.05, p=0.74). Hypothesis 2, "The higher the level of perceived social support in patients on hemodialysis, the lower their level of hopelessness will be. " was supported(r=-0.53, p=0.00). 3. The relations between general characteristics and the level of perceived social support, self-esteem, and hopelessness ; (1) The 'Gender'(P=0.04), 'Occupation'(P=0.04), 'Education'(P=0.00), 'Married state'(P=0.00) 'Duration of Hemodialysis'(P=0.00) and 'In-come'(P=0.00) of the subjects were related to perceived social support and showed a statistically significant difference. (2) No general characteristics of the subjects were related self-esteem in a statistically significant way. (3) The 'Education'(P=0.00) , 'Income'(P=0.00) of the subjects were related to hopelessness and showed a statistically significant difference. Thus, it is concluded that social support must be included in nursing interventions for patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.44-56
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health education needs of mothers who are nurturing children with disabilities. Method: A descriptive study was done and the participants were 108 mothers of children with disabilities such being mentally challenged, developmentally delayed or having a disability involving brain damage. The questionnaire was a health education need assessment with 11 categories(58 items) developed by Han et al. The data were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: The mean score for health education needs of the mothers of children with disabilities was 3.83 (SD=0.58) out of a maximum 5. The health education need for acquisition of knowledge and information had the highest score (4.40±0.54) followed by health education needs for cognitive development and learning (4.31±0.64), interpersonal relationships (4.04±0.65) and behavior and emotion (4.04±0.79). There were significant differences between the children's sex (t=2.08, p=.04), birth order (t=2.17, p=.03), grade of disability (F=3.32, p=.02) and sex education suitable to the child's in age. Conclusion: The health education needs of mothers of children who are disabled were very high and varied. Therefore, it was important to develop comprehensive education programs which include this content and provide opportunities for mothers of children with disabilities to receive this education.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2000

일반적으로 모든 조형예술에 있어서 어떤 조형예술가든지 그의 작품에서 어떤 요소의 색채에 대해서 보다 높은 확률을 줄기 위해서 색상이나 채도의 대비를 주어서 상대적인 확률의 안배를 주관적으로 설정한 후에 기계적으로 안배한다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 이제까지의 모든 디자인영역에 있어서 조형구조에 대한 분석 역시 그 디자인조형물에 대한 해석자의 감성과 직관, 경험을 바탕으로 한 주관적이고 정성적인 방법에 의해서 행해지고 있다고 볼 수 있는데, 색체구조에 대한 분석 역시 마찬가지였다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연국에서는 형태와 색채지각 그리고 정보일론(information/communication theory)을 기본 배경으로 한 정량적인 정보분석을 위해서 연구 개발된 '색채구조 분석모형'을 모던디자인의 분석제품으로 선정된 차쉬니크의 도자접시와 포스트모던 디자인의 멜처트의 벽화를 선정하고, 적용해서 색채구조에 대한 객관적인 정량분석을 하여서 모던과 포스트모던 다자인에 대한 양식적인 특성을 비교 및 제시하고, 색채구조분석의 또 다른 방법인 정량분석모형을 중심으로 해서 그 분석절차와 방법을 시도했다는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다 하겠다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.296-306
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to compare the physical injury, emotional response and unplanned self-removal of medical devices in patients with physical restraints and patients not restrained. Methods: Eighty patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital in Seoul participated in this study. Forty patients made up each group and the group not restrained was matched with the restraint group for age and history of smoking and alcohol consumption. Data on occurrence of physical injury, intensity of anxiety, stage of agitation and unplanned self-removal of medical devices were collected by observation and medical chart review using a structured instrument. Statistical processing of collected data was done with the SPSS WIN 17.0 program. Results: The physically restrained group experienced more physical injuries and recorded significantly higher levels of anxiety and agitation than the unrestrained group. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in occurrence of unplanned self-removal of medical devices. Conclusion: Results indicate a need for critical care nurses to carefully monitor physical injuries and emotional responses of physically restrained patients and to develop nursing interventions to prevent adverse effects associated with restraint use. There is also a need to develop patient safety guidelines when using physical restraints.